Mamuli No. 54
Title
Mamuli No. 54
extracted text
1
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
agremc valmoxdil najafar
beber qeds venacvalebi,
sul naRvliani rada gaqvs
jiRa, sacera Tvalebi!
warmarTma gxate kldeebze,
aTas misnuri qaragmiT
da xari RmerTad giwame,
gwire da gwire zvaraki.
Sen gTxovda kacis Senaxvas
ufali RmerTi ieso
da Senac erColebodi
SimSils da siRaribeso.
urmuliT, guTnisdeduriT
suls levdnen mama-papani
da maTTan erTad Senc swie
qarTlis cxovrebis Wapani.
aSene cixe-qalaqi,
aage bevri saydari,
rom qarTvels abjargauxdels
mteri hyoloda wamxdari.
sisxls Rvridnen guTnisdedebi,
ofls Rvridnen mecixovneni,
guTnis tari da xmlis tari
saWea qarTlis cxovrebis.
cxadSi xom myavdi megobrad,
SemSvelebixar zRaparSic,
oflSi da papanebaSi
erTad varT gamonaxarSi.
fexze macmevdi qalamans,
yanws momawvdidi nadimSi,
dagklavdiT didzamTrobisas,
maZRrad gvyoloda badiSi.
Zeoba iyo - glexkaci
isev Sen gdebda imedebs,
Rreoba iyo - vaime,
isev Sen gamogimeteT.
qorwili iyo... vaime,
mtkioda guli saRadre,
wamogaqcieT najafi
da yeli gamogaRadreT.
cxedaric mipatiosne
aRap-qelexis wesebiT,
davjeq da Cems marCenalze
tiriliT vwere leqsebi.
gvimravldes saqarTveloSi
miwis da mzis moxarkeda
xariviT msmeli vaJkaci xarisTvala da xarqeda.
netavi, RmerTo, mec momca
jani da mada xarisa,
sityva-xariviT gamwevi
mamulis gasaxarisad.
viyo xariviT amtani,
viyo xariviT momTmeni,
Cemi patara qveynisTvis
mec SevZlo xarisodeni.
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
qarTuli gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
*
*
seqtemberi, 2009 N54
Cven qarTvelni varT, maSasadame qristianni, arab-Turq-selCuk-sparsTa gansacdels gadarCenilni. axla didi sixarulis droa, im
gansacdels rom unda mohyves.
Cveni samSoblos istoriaSi iyo iseTi periodebi, rodesac sakuTari xeliT vangrevdiT
an sawyobebad viyenebdiT taZrebs, umowyalo
SevuracxyofdiT siwmindeebs, uralis manqaniT
vangrevdiT eklesiis karibWeebs.
diax, Cvenda sabednierod istorias isic axsovs, rom kldis wverze, miudgom Tu Tvaluwvdenel alagas vmarTavdiT cxrajvars; samSoblodan Sors, wminda miwaze vagebdiT jvris
monasters; sakuTari beWiT Camohqonda uzarmazari lodi TviT mefe aRmaSenebelsac, rom mere mSeneblebisaTvis ar daenebebina da sakuTari xeliTve CaebeWda CuqurTmaTa simaRleebSi;
mklavs vWridiT didostat arsukiZes, albaT
imitom, rom Cven ufro lamazi gvindoda sveticxoveli, ufro moxatuli da `moqneuli gavaziviTa~. eriskacebi monastris unaxavad ixiblebodnen raRac zebunebrivi ZaliT, rom Semdeg
furcelze es striqonebi gadmoetanaT:
`maqvs mkerds midebuli,
qnari, rogorc minda,
CemTvis didebuli
sxivi gamobrwyinda.
mkvidrad aaSena,
vinac aaSena
da ciT daamSvena
didi nikorwminda~.
xedavT?...
gesmiT?...
ciT daamSvenao, ise lamaziao, ca da miwa ki
ar daamSvenao taZriT, aramed taZari daamSvenao ciT.
amas xom Tqma undoda.
Cveni ca ise mSvidia, ise laJvardi, misi mze
uzomod Tbilia, rom vumRerT kidec: `mze Sina
da mze gareTa, mze Sin Semodio~.
gifiqriaT, rom mze gareT CvenTvis gamovida, albaT imisaTvis, rom qarTuli mziT aqac
gavmTbariyaviT.
Cven bedma Tu ubedobam wamogviyvana okeanis gamoRma da Tan wamoviReT usazRvro siyvaruli RvTisa da mamulisa; niWi, uflis mier
boZebuli niWi, Semoqmedebisa, rogorc dasturi didostat qarTvelobisa.
es niWi iwyeba da mTavrdeba RvTis siyvaruliT.
amerikaSi, RvTis siyvaruli qarTvelTaTvis
yvelaze metad niu-iorkis wmida ninos saxelobis eklesiaSi sufevs. es eklesia deda-eklesiis ganuyofeli nawilia. qarTulma diasporam
didi rudunebiT moitana dRemde es samlocvelo. igi gagrZelebaa diadi qarTuli madlisa,
romelic davanebulia sveticxovelSi, gelaTSi, varZiaSi, beTaniaSi... da ukve samebaSic.
* asaval-dasavalis gfhnybjhj,bs
didi survili gvaqvs, Cveni
gazeTis momaval nomerSi, carielad
datovebul am CarCoSi ukve SeZenili
eklesiis suraTi SemogTavazoT
!
SesaZlebelia, bevri Cvengani daubrundes samSoblos pirnaTeli, bevrTaTvis kidev ar iyos
SesaZlebeli Sin dabruneba, an droTa ganmavlobaSi survilic gaqres amisa,
Tumca sisxli,
sisxli,
mainc Tavisas izams:
davxatavT,
gavaferadebT,
avaSenebT,
gavalamazebT...
qarTul suls STavberavT,
SemovinaxavT,
Taobebs gadavcemT.
Tu qarTvels davukargavT samSoblos, qristians mainc SemovunaxavT saqristianos.
modiT, wamiT, mxolod wamiT davxuWoT Tvalebi, erTi Zma keJeraZe rom ityoda `momavalSi gadavardeT~ da warmovidginoT:
niu-iorki, Taims skveri, uzarmazari tabloebiT, sxivTa Tu ferTa TvalismomWreli gamiT
da sul ramodenime kilometrSi qarTuli taZari, romelic yvelaze lamazi zamTarSi iqneba - daTovlili. da Tu xelTaTman-kaSneTi damalulni eklesiis gzas gavuyvebiT da gzaSi
zarebis gugunic Semogvesmeba, ucabedad gavTbebiT, TiTqos mSobel dedas Tbil gulSi Caukrixar gaToSili.
gavTbeT!
SeviZinoT qarTuli taZari amerikaSi.
wm. ninos saxelobis qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia yidulobs axal
saeklesio Senobas niu iorkSi. am procesis srulyofilad dasasruleblad damatebiT saWiro Seiqna 50 aTasi dolari.
gTxovT dagvexmaroT Tqveni SesaZleblebobis farglebSi. SegiZliaT Tanxa pirdapir gadmoricxoT qvemoT mocemuli
bankis angariSze:
Chase Bank,
Routing # 021000021,
Account # 907225332065
an gamoagzavnoT Ceki an mani orderi
safosto misamarTze:
St. Nino Georgian Orthodox Church,
P.O. Box 351160, Brooklyn, NY 11235
2
Sefasebis cda
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
da mainc, kuluarebSi bWobdnen
da vrceldeboda ambebi ilias mkvlelebis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebis farTo fenebisaTvis Tavzardamcemi
iyo is ambavi, rom Turme ilia mefis mier mosyidul oxrankas ki
ara, social-demokratebs mouklavT
da gansakuTrebuli udierebiT ixseniebdnen noe Jordanias, fili pe
maxaraZesa da sergo orjonikiZes.
bevri SemTxveva iyo, rodesac saguramoSi eqskursiebze misuli stumrebi muzeumis TanamSromlebs Cumad
ekiTxebodnen marTali iyo Tu ara,
ilias mkvlelobas rom bolSevikebs abralebeno. TanamSromlebi ki
miixed-moixedavdnen, aravin mogvisminoso da darwmundebodnen ra TanamosaubreTa sandoobaSi, amxeldnen
simarTles, zogi ki uxerxul SekiTxvebsac svamdnen – marTla amtvrevda ilia glexebs kokebs Tavze
da wyals marTla ar aZlevda Tavisi wyarodano?! mRimareni arafers
etyodnen stumrebs, naxeT wyaro
ilias ezoSi da mere visaubroT
mag sakiTxebzeo. ra Tqma unda, wyaros ver poulobdnen. mere abezari momkiTxavi ityoda, ilia rom
kargi kaci yofiliyo, ar CaesiZeboda saguramos mamulSi da yvarels upatronebdao.
erTi SemTxvevac iyo aseTi: quTaisSi, mesxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo TeatrSi gaimarTa poet murman lebaniZis literaturuli saRamo. TavisTavad wakiTxul iqna
poetis leqsebi, Sesrulda mis leqsebze Seqmnili simRerebi, sityvebSi xotba Seasxes poets da usurvebdnen samomavlo warmatebebs sazogadoebriv da pirad cxovrebaSi.
rogorc miRebuli iyo, darbazidan
kiTxvebs usvamdnen stumars. darbazSi mikrofoni idga da misTvis
saintereso SekiTxvebs mikrofonidan usvamdnen, zogic ki werilobiT,
anonimurad ekiTxebodnen da murman
lebaniZec pasuxobda. erT-erTma ucnobma werili miswera mas. rogorc
wesi, werilebs sagangebo cenzuris
gareSe pirdapir amorCevis gareSe
kiTxulobda. is werilic aseve
pirdapir waikiTxa. waikiTxa da
uxerxuloba igrZno, miixed-moixeda irgvliv, feri ecvala. pasuxi ki aucileblad unda gaeca. werilis mokle Sinaarsi aseTi iyo:
` - ras ityviT, batono murman,
ilia WavWavaZis pirovnebis aRiarebisa da devnis Sesaxeb, ratom ikrZaleboda ilia WavWavaZe da rogor moxda misi didebiT Semosva?~.
uxerxuloba rom ganemuxta, poetma diplomatiuri lavirebiT ostaturad Tqva yvelaferi: `meo, - upasuxa man, - ar msmenia ilias Tu
devnida da aviwroebda vinme, arc
is gamigonia Tu ikrZaleboda ilia
odesmeo. TumcaRa, - dasZina man da
srulad daakmayofila im ucnobis
cnobismoyvareoba, - Tqven, vinc es
werili daswereT, saqmis kursSi
xarT Camdgari da bevri ram iciTo.
gTxovT, Tu saSualeba geqnebaT am
saRamos Semdeg visaubroT am sakiTxebzeo~. isaubres Tu ara murman
lebaniZem da im ucnobma am sakiTxebze, ucnobi darCa.
ilias 150 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil iubilemde ramdenime wliT
adre oficiozma didi zar-zeimiT
aRniSna georgievskis traqtatis
200 wlisTavi, daidga Zeglebi moskovsa da TbilisSi, kinostudia
`qarTulma filmma~ ruseT-saqarTvelos `Zmobas~ miuZRvna mravalseriani istoriuli Janris mxatvruli filmi `wigni ficisa~ (reJisori giga lorTqifaniZe). aqac
kuluarebSi daiwyo miTqma-moTqma,
rom yvelaferi es, rogorc warmoaCina qarTvelma komunistma mliqvnelebma, simarTles ar Seefereba.
am dros erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba daqsasuli iyo, radgan am moZraobis yvela moTave da
sulisCamdgmeli an dapatimrebulgasaxlebul-gadasaxlebuli, an kidev sakuTar naWuWSi iyo Camaluli. Cumad da uCumrad mainc axerxebdnen xalxisTvis simarTle miewodebinaT. im periods ganekuTvneba sakmaod gaxmaurebuli TviTmfrinavis gamtaceblebis incidenti da
Jurnalist nazi Samanauris mkvleloba jalaT fsiqiatrebis (avli p
zurabiSvilis meTaurobiT) mier.
sazogadoebis cnobierebaSi jer
kidev ar iyo miviwyebuli sul
axlaxan soxumSi, Tbilissa da quTaisSi saprotesto afeTqebebis Sedegad sikvdilmisjili vladimer
Jvanias saxeli. gaurkvevel viTarebaSi Tavs iklavs politpatimar
merab kostavas vaJi irakli kostava,
romelzec suki axdenda fsiqologiur zewolas da sasowarkveTilebamde misuli axalgazrda ymawvili sabediswero nabijs dgams. amiT
sabWoTa kavSiris gulborotma mesveurebma moiwadines merab kostavas
moralurad gatexva. magram gangeba sxva bedisweras uqadda jalaTebsac da msxverplsac.
ilias iubilis Semdeg saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivani jumber
patiaSvili sxvadasxva dawesebulebebSi, organizaciebSi, samecniero
da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, mweralTa kavSirSi da sxvagan marTavs
diskusiebs. es diskusiebi Ria eTeriT gadaicema, j. patiaSvilis oratorobiT moxibluli iyo xalxi,
radgan miCveuliyvnen dune da brtyel-brtyel frazebs, Sua moxsenebebSi rom CaeZineboda adamians.EerTis sityviT, gamoCnda politikuri lideri da avtoriteti,
iqiT mixeil gorbaCovi ar gvawyens
Tavs da isic aSkarad yurebadi
pirovnebaa. TumcaRa bolo Jams
gorbaCovis triukebi mosawyeni gaxda qarTuli masisTvis, ai, patiaSvilis avtoriteti ki dRiTidRe
izrdeboda. amasobaSi gadasaxle-
bidan dabrunda merab kostava, erTian muStad Seikrnen zviad gamsaxurdia, giorgi Wanturia, irakli baTiaSvili, irakli wereTeli (ZiriTadi
birTvi qarTveli disidentebisa).
1988 wels iqmneba naxevradpolitikuri organizacia (mTavrobis
davalebiTa da rekomendaciiT) SoTa
rusTavelis saxelobis sazogadoeba. wesdebis ganxilvisas sakmaod
mwvave debatebi gaimarTa, magram
wiTelma profesuram gaimarjva da
Tavisken gadaxara sazogadoebis marTvisa da kontrolis aRvirebi. sazogadoebis Tavmjdomared arCeul
iqna poeti-akademikosi irakli abaSiZe. magram umokles droSi isev
Seikriba rusTavelis sazogadoebis sadamfuZneblo kreba da am sazogadoebis radikalurma frTam
Tavisi gaitana – miiRes maTTvis
xelsayreli programa, sadac rusTavelis sazogadoeba cxaddeboda politikur organizaciad da mas CamoSorda kulturul-saganmanaTleblo da samecniero sferoSi
xelSewyobis funqcia. sazogadoebis Tavmjdomareobidan gadayenebul
iqna irakli abaSiZe da mis nacvlad
arCeul iqna akaki baqraZe. ukve
rusTavelis sazogadoebis saxiT
komunisturma partiam miiRo legaluri opoziciuri dawesebuleba
(ase vTqvaT partia).
qveyanaSi gamqrali iyo SiSis
sindromi, magram arsebobda 70-iani
wlebis refleqsi, anu `vai Tu raRac
gauTvaliswinebeli ram moxdes~.
ukve sazogadoebaSi Riad Cndebian
disidentebi, isini Tbilisis universitetSi xSiri stumrebi iyvnen.
gazeTi `komunisti~ regularulad
beWdavs menSevikuri saqarTvelos
istoriul ambebis Sesaxeb, gazeT
`literaturul saqarTveloSi~
gverdebi eTmoba 1937 wels represirebulTa Semoqmedebas. sazogadoebrivi ukmayofileba yvelafris mimarT aSkaraa, iwyeba ekonomikuri
krizisi, rac saSualebas iZleva
mosaxleobis mRelvarebis dasawyebad. erTia, rom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis moTxovna naadrevia
da eri mzad araa am moTxovnis
mosasmenadac ki, radgan warmoudgenlad miaCnia mas aseTi ram da bolomde verc garkveula mis mniSvnelobaSi, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT politikur da samarTlebriv Sefasebaze.
1988 wlidan imarTeba politikuri gamosvlebi – manifestaciebi da demonstraciebi (arasapirvelmaiso da arasaSvidnoembro). ruseTSi donbasis SaxtebSic gaficvebiao,
acxadebda oficialuri sainformacio saSualebebi. CvenTvis, mosaxleobisaTvis ki gaficvebi kinofilmebSi Tu gvenaxa da wignebSi Tu amogvekiTxa, romelic carizmis dros
ewyoboda da am miting-manifestaciebis darbevisas bevri komunisti
Seewira.
zogi ambobda, Cvens droSic Tu
aseTi ram moxdeboda, namdvilad
ar megonao. Tvali da yuri nelnela gaeCvia Tbilisis quCebSi megafonebiTa da `ucnauri~ droSebiT TavSeyrili adamianebis msvlelobas. zogi gaubedavad mihyveboda trotuarze Sori-axlos ra
xdebao, vinZlo Tu daarbies, me
arafers metyvian, `maRaziaSi mivdiodio”, vetyvi, is Rame TeTrad rom
gautarebia, - `ar momakiTxono~...
ar moukiTxavT.
mere kidev, kidev da erT dRes
im `Cirgebidan~ TviTonac SeuerTda
samsaxurSi wasuli manifestacias.
xom aravin miyurebso, fiqrobda,
Tavi ar momeWraso.
Tavi ar moWria.
piriqiT, erT dRes, samsaxurSi
rom yvelaze aqtiurad aqiqebda
momitingeebs da araformalebs (ase
eZaxdnen maSin opozicias) TviTon
mowinaveTa rigSi yofila. mere
ukve es refleqsic gaqra.
ase moewyo samgloviaro msvleloba Tbilisis quCebSi 1988 wlis
25 Tebervals saqarTvelos gasabWoebasTan dakavSirebiT. aseve manifestaciebiT da mitingebiT aRiniSna saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
dRe – 26 maisi. isev da isev qarTuli erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraoba sazogadoebis farTo masebSi ayenebs sakiTxs zakvos poligonis gadatanis Sesaxeb daviT-garejis samonastro kompleqsidan,
raTa mZime teqnika pirvelyovlisa
azianebda freskebs, Semdeg ki Cndeboda bzarebi TviT monastrebis kedlebze. disidentTa erTi nawili
mTavrobidan moiTxovda azerbaijanis ss respublikasTan gadaesinja
sasazRvro zoli, raTa daviT-garejis samonastro kompleqsis mTeli
teritoria moqceuliyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvrebis farglebSi. amisaTvis imave wlis noemberSi TbilisSi mTavrobis sasaxlis win gaimarTa grandiozuli
manifestacia, mjdomare aqcia da
SimSiloba gamoacxada gaficulTa
ramdenime kacianma jgufma. mdgomareoba TandaTanobiT iZabeboda. mosalodneli iyo ferganas tragediis ganmeoreba TbilisSic. saqarTvelos bedi ki wydeboda saqarTvelos
farglebs gareT. dRiTi-dRe saSiSroeba matulobda. ufrosi Taoba
1956 wlis 9 martis movlenebsac
ixsenebda, Tu rogor daarbia rusulma armiam TbilisSi mSvidobiani momitingeebi. SiSobdnen arc
Tu usafuZvlod. SiSobda samRvdeloebac. eklesiebSi imarTeboda
samSvidobo paraklisebi, televiziiT gadmoicemoda inteligenciis
mimarTvebi momitingeTa mimarT, raTa
daSliliyvnen. mitingi, marTalia,
daiSala 30 noembers, magram yvela
grZnobda, rom ase mSvidobianad yvelaferi aRar dasruldeboda, radgan jini boTlidan amoSvebuli
iyo da igi Tavisi nebiT ukan aRar
Cabrundeboda da asec moxda.
qveyana idga revoluciis zRvarze,
rasac ekonomikuri krizisi daemata.
12. pirveli qarTuli
diadi revulucia 1989 wlis 9 aprili
bevrs arafers vityvi 9 aprilis
msvlelobis Sesaxeb, radgan masze
bevri ram aris dawerili da cnobi-
(sabWoeTis sivrceSi mimdinare Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis
eiforiis Sesabamisad) qmnian TavianT regionebSi separatistul organizaciebs, romelsac aSkarad da
daufaravad afinansebs da lobirebs
ruseTis specsamsaxurebi. es ukanasknelebi cdiloben erTiani sa-
`movlenas~, sadac 16 kaci daiRupa,
rom uwodo revolucia, rbilad
rom vTqvaT, cota Tamam gancxadebad SeiZleba CagiTvalon, iqamde
dResac es tendencia grZeldeba 9
aprilis mimarT. am movlenis Sesafaseblad cxel kvalze Seiqmna mravali samTavrobo da arasamTavro-
fortuna da fiasko
li. aq erTi ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli: 9 aprili ar aris ganxiluli erTian movlenaTa sistemaSi.
Tavisi msvlelobiT, eris fsiqikis formirebis mxriv, cxra aprilma revoluciuri gadatrialeba moaxdina - erT RameSi Seicvala eris
mentaliteti!
revoluciam ar icis xelisuflebis erTbaSad Camogdeba, samagierod man icis cnobierebis erTbaSad moSla, arsebuli wyobilebis
momentaluri ngreva SegnebaSi, undobloba da nihilizmi arsebuli
realobis mimarT. revoluciis pirvelma dReebma ar icis masiuri
sisxlisRvra, - sisxls Semdeg, azartSi Sesuli egzaltirebuli brbo
Rvris. ase moxda parizis didi
revoluciis Jams 9 aprilamde zustad 200 wliT adre: bastiliis
aRebisas TiTo orola kaci daiRupa, mefe isev mefobda, igi revolucionerTa marionetad gadaiqca. sisxlisRvra Tu moxda, Semdeg moxda
da ra mosatania 1789 wlis 14 ivliss SemTxveviT daRupulebi. tyve-mefem damfuZnebelTa krebis mier
miRebul konstituciasac ki moawera xeli. revolucia azartSi Sedioda da `sakuTar SvilebTan~ erTad
`sxvis Svilebsac~ Wamda. ludoviko XVI-is (moqalaqe kapetis) giliotinirebis, manamde ki konventis
dekretiT samefo xelisuflebis
gauqmebis da pirveli respublikis
Seqmnis Semdeg yalibdeba iakobinelTa diqtatura. amis Semdeg revolucia gadadis Tavisi arsebobis
agresiul formebze. analogiuri
modelia ruseTis 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Jams. imperatori nikiloz II gadadga. ruseTs
marTavs droebiTi mTavroba. marTalia, am SemTxvevaSi ruseTis imperatori pirdapir tyveqmnili iqna
revolucionerTa mier, saxelmwifos marTvaSi, bunebrivia, mas ar
revdnen. arsebuli xelisufleba
revoluciuri eiforiiT aris aRtkinebuli da xelisuflebiT tkboba
akargvinebs realobis gansjis
unars. revoluciis dros aucilebelia damxobili xelisuflebis
nacvali iyos uunaro saxelmwifos
marTvaSi, an uuflebo. amiT sargeblobs revoluciis agresiuli frTa da eufleba xelisuflebas. ruseTis SemTxvevaSi es 1917 wlis
7-8 noembers moxda, Tu safrangeTSi iakobinelTa diqtaturaa, ruseTSi - bolSevikTa proletariatis
diqtaturaa. safrangeTSi Tu ludoviko XVI da misi meuRle maria
antuaneta dasajes sikvdiliT, ruseTSi nikoloz II mTeli ojaxiT
amowyvites. sisxlisRvra aqac Tavdapirvelad Tu ara, Semdeg da Semdeg
rom daiRvara, ise undoda. yvela
revoluciis msvleloba am modeliT warimarTa. yvela Taviseburad iyenebda revoluciur monapovarTa siuxves, yvela Taviseburad
xsnida revoluciis aucileblobas
da msvlelobaTa utyuarobas, erTi
ki ucvleli darCa:
1) ukmayofileba arsebuli weswyobilebis mimarT (swored ukmayofileba qmnis imas, rom `zedafenebs aRar SeuZliaT Zveleburad
marTva, xolo qvedafenebs aRar
surT Zveleburad cxovreba~);
2) arsebuli xelisuflebis liberaluri buneba, romelic ganapirobebs aTasgvar avantiuristTa
cxovrebis zedapirze amotivtivebas
(yvelaferi ki saboloo jamSi erT
feTqebad wertilSi iyris Tavs);
3) mentalitetis momentalurad
Secvla, xolo yofierebisa ki etapobrivi; xelisuflebis daqveiTeba
da arsebuli mdgomareobis TviTdinebaze miSveba, rac revoluciur
Zalas xels Seuwyobs Tavisi miznebis SesrulebaSi;
4) arsebuli wes-wyobilebis cvlileba ZiriT-Ziramde, revoluciis
gadazrda kontrrevoluciaSi;
5) revoluciis agresiuli formebis gamovlineba omebisa da sisxlisRvris CaTvliT, gamarTleba im
Tezisisa, rom revolucia sxva revoluciis kalkirebuli asli ar
aris (amiT revolucia Tavis individualur bunebas avlens);
7) revoluciis mimarT sagangebo da erTaderTi msxverplSewirva
mistiuri ritualis doneze (karlos I, ludovik XVI, nikoloz II
da misT); revolucia TavisTavad
usamarTlobis didi demonstrirebaa. msxverplSewirva revoluciisadmi unda iTvlebodes saSvilTaSvilo codvad, ragind pirsisxliani
tiranis mokvdineba ar unda moxdes.
Tu davakvirdebiT saqarTvelos
movlenaTa msvlelobas, 1989 wlis
9 aprilidan daiwyo didi qarTuli erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
revolucia. konfliqti mxareebs
Soris iyo rogorc yvelgan Sromasa da kapitals Soris, - es yvelaze nakleb; kerZod da sazogado
sakuTrebas Soris, - es ufro metad;
saxelmwifo monopoliisa da proletariats Soris, - es kidev ufro
metad, suverenitetsa da kolonializms Soris, - es umTavresi.
da mainc, saqarTveloSi revolucia daiwyo separatizmisa da suverenitetis ideologiur niadagze.
xelovnurad da sagangebod Seqmnili saqarTvelos avtonomiebi
da. magram rogorc erT, aseve meore mosazrebas Taviseburi ganmarteba gaaCnda - kongresis momxreebs
ar surdaT sabWour struqturaSi
gawevrianebuliyvnen da isini undoblobas ucxadebdnen yvelas, vinc
moisurvebda aseT struqturasTan
TanamSromlobas. isini iTxovdnen
axali damoukidebeli arCevnebis
Catarebas, raTa dakompleqtebuliyo
kongresi. xolo uzenaesi sabWos
arCevnebis momxreebi fiqrobdnen,
rom amiT maT miecemodaT saSualeba, gansxvavebiT aralegitimuri
kongresisa, saxelmwifoebriv struqturebSi Sesvlisa da iqedan TavianTi ideebis ganxorcielebisa. gamoricxuli ar iyo (da realobaSi asec moxda), opozicias gaemarjva arCevnebSi. amiT isini mTeli
saxelmwifos saTaveSi moeqceodnen
saparlamento arCevnebis gziT da
isini gaxdebodnen kanonmemkvidre
aqamde arsebuli saxelmwifosi da
am gziT qveyanaSi ar Seiqmneboda
konstituciuri vakuumi.
zviadi da misi momxreebi ufro
saxelmwifoebriv doneze azrovnebdnen am SemTxvevaSi, vidre gia Wanturias momxreebi. zviadis nabijis
marTebulobam ufro meti bzari
gaaCina erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel
moZraobaSi, vidre iyo aqamde, da
ruseTis mokavSireebad afxaz da
os separatistebs daematnen qarTveli kolaboracionistebic.
revolucia ki amasobaSi frTebs
Slida. zviadis mier gamarTul yovel mitings geometriuli progresiiT (saqarTvelos mosaxleobis raodenobasTan SefardebiT) emateboda
da emateboda gulSematkivrebi.
ase iyo, Tu ise, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi gaCenilma bzarma Tavi iCina, rac umTavresad misi aSkara da gardauvali
damarcxebiT dasrulda, araTu revoluciis, aramed keTilSobili
ideis. revoluciis Sesaxeb bevrs
aRar gavagrZeleb, radgan es saubris sxva Temaa. axla ki gadavideT uSualod marcxis mizezebze.
13. xelmwifeba
xelmwifoebrioba moSalon mcire
erebSi. es gegma Tavis droze SeimuSaves jer lavrenti beriam, xolo
masSi agresiuli niuansebiT `gaamdidra~ iuri andropovma. amitom
ruseTi aranair poziciebs ar Tmobda damoukideblobis gzaze Semdgari mokavSire respublikebis mimarT.
andropovis gegmis gorbaCoviseuli
ganxorcielebis sawyis etapzeve
TviT ruseTma iwvnia Tavissave teritoriaze separatizmisa da e.w.
cxeli wertilebis gemo, es iyo
fergana Tu volgispireTi da sxva
da sxva. maTTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis sakiTxi iyo mokavSireTa
Zieba mowinaaRmdegeTa banakSi, anu,
rogorc ityvian, `mexuTe kolonis~ Seqmna daiwyes mokavSire respublikebSi. Tu am respublikebis araformaluri (disidenturi) moZraobebi Riad da aSkarad upirispirdebodnen kremls, am qveynebSi unda
gamoZebniliyo Zala (da ara komunisturi partia), romelic daupirispirdeboda TviT am erovnulganmaTavisuflebel moZraobebs. sabWoTa specsamsaxurebi maqsimalurad flobdnen informaciebs yvela
disidentis Sesaxeb da zogadi suraTi respublikebSi arsebul movlenaTa da SesaZlo mosaxden movlenaTa Sesaxeb maTTvis cnobili
iyo. amdenad eris erTianobis gaxleCis saukeTeso da nacadi saSualeba iyo gaeRvivebinaT eTnikuri
separatizmi yvelgan, romelic marTuli da dafinansebuli iqneboda
maT mier. ase moxda dnestrispireTSi, mTian yarabaRSi, e.w. samxreT
oseTSi, afxazeTSi da sxvagan.
saxeldobr saqarTveloSi revoluciuri talRis azvirTebis inspiratori mainc afxazi separatistebi iyvnen. sakmarisi iyo lixnSi
Catarebuli kreba, rom TbilisSi
azvirTda saprotesto aqcia, romelic gadaizarda revoluciaSi. saqarTveloSi da saerTod yofil
sabWoTa kavSirSi aravis surda
(an arc fiqrobdnen) eRiarebinaT
9 aprili qarTuli revoluciis
dasawyisad - arc qarTvelebs, arc
rusebs. orTave mxare maqsimalurad
erideboda 9 aprilisaTvis es statusi mieniWebina. rusi moixseniebda rogorc `9 aprilis movlenas~, qarTveli ki `9 aprilis tragedias~. sabWoTa kavSirgamovlili
moqalaqeebisTvis revolucia ase
Tu ise asocirdeboda leninur
saxelmwifo gadatrialebasTan, mTel
msoflioSi axali civilizaciis
dawyebis dRed rom hqondaT Seracxuli es dRe, uklebliv yvelas mtersac da moyvaresac. xolo revolucia Tu SeiZleboda momxdariyo Cvens TvalsawierSi, romlis
Sesaxebac mTeli rigi mecnierebebia Seqmnili (marqsizm-leninizmis,
dialeqtikuri materializmis, politikuri ekonomiis da sxvaTa
saxiT), amdeni gaxmaurebuli fundamenturi naSromebia Seqmnili marqsis, engelsis, leninis, plexanovis
da sxva marqsizmis klasikosebadwodebulebis mier, amdeni filmia
gadaRebuli, amdeni wignia dawerili da a.S., am dros 9 aprilis
bo komisiebi, romlebic `yovelmxriv~ swavlobdnen mas, magram, bunebrivia, misi saboloo Sefaseba
ar iqneboda srulmomcvelobiTi,
radgan 9 aprili, rogorc aseTi,
rogorc movlena da fenomeni, ganagrZobda cxovel moqmedebas da igi
iyo yvelasaTvis mtkivneuli da
gadauWreli sakiTxi.
revoluciis pirvel Rames 16 kaci
daiRupa. revoluciisTvis es umniSvnelo cifria. ase rom ar yofiliyo, aucileblad gacilebiT meti
msxverpliT dasruldeboda is dRe.
iqmneba erovnuli xsnis mTavari
komiteti, romlis SemadgenlobaSi
Sedian yofili disidentebi (amJamad ukve araformalebi), erTmaneTze miyolebiT iqmneba erovnul niadagze mdgari partiebi, erTi xani
apatimreben cxra aprilis aqciis
organizatorebs, magram sazogadoebis daJinebuli moTxovniT maT
maleve aTavisufleben.
maratisa ar iyos, iRupeba merab
kostava revoluciis wifobamde,
masTan erTad zurab WavWavaZe. ucnauri analogia maratisa da kostavas sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT –
orTave SemTxvevaSi revoluciis
Savi bedisweris rols qali asrulebs revuluciis gmirTa Tavze.
da aseT SemTxvevaSi maratica da
kostavac imitom unda gasuliyvnen
`TamaSidan~, rom maT ar SesZlebodaT revoluciuri kalapotis Secvla, romliTac Seuqcevadi procesi
gauTvaliswinebel procesad gardaisaxeboda, ris gakontrolebasac
veRar SeZlebda veravin. da amis
realuri Zala rogorc marats, aseve kostavas gaaCndaT xalxSi damkvidrebuli avtoritetis wyalobiT. maratica da kostavac revoluciis bedisweram swored amitom
SearCia, xolo Tu ratom – qali, albaT amisi pasuxi saukeTesod
moeZebneba eJen belakruas.
momdevno wels (anu 1990 wels)
politikuri wreebi ikribebian erTian qarTul forumze da msjeloben xelisuflebaSi mosvlaze. revoluciam Tavisi gantotva gaakeTa am SemTxvevaSi imiT, rom isedac
erTmaneTis mimarT almacerad momzirali yofili TanamebrZolebi
erTmaneTs daupirispirdnen da forumi datova zviadma da misma momxre partiebma, forumSi ki darCnen
gia Wanturia, irakli wereTeli
da sxv.
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraobis erTi frTa miznad isaxavda xelisuflebaSi mosvlas kongresis arCevnebis gziT da arsebul
uzenaes sabWos CamorTmeoda sakanonmdeblo uflebebi, xolo meore
frTa aseve arCevnebis gziT gegmavda xelisuflebaSi mosvlas, magram
ara kongresSi, aramed TviT uzenaes sabWoSi. es urTierTsapirispiro mosazrebebi TiTqos Tavisi saboloo SedegiT erTmaneTisgan arc
gansxvavdebodnen, mxolod saxelwodebaSi Tu iyo sxvadasxvaoba, e.i
saqarTvelos umaRles warmomadgenlobiT organos uzenaesi sabWo
erqmeoda Tu kongresi, amas viTomdac aranairi mniSvneloba ar hqon-
saboloo jamSi xelisuflebis
saTaveSi movida zviad gamsaxurdia.
arada, yvela partia Cqarobda saxelmwifos saTaveSi moxvedras, Secdomebi bevri iqna daSvebuli, yvelaze
naklebad vinc dauSva Secdoma, imas
ergo qveynis mmarTveloba. nebismier
SemTxvevaSi vinc ar unda damjdariyo xelisuflebis savarZelSi,
maTi pirveli nabijebi iqneboda
qveynis damoukideblobis deklaraciis miReba, raTa pirveloba rgebodaT wilad. swored rom pirvelobis
ambiciam daamarcxa saboloo jamSi
zviadic, albaT yvela sxvac aseve
damarcxdeboda. sxvaoba is iqneboda, rom msxverpli am marcxSi ramdenad meti, Tu naklebi iqneboda.
zviads hqonda xelmwifeba pirvelyovlisa xalxisgan, RmerTma akurTxa misi xelmwifeba da igi ver gaxda xelmwife. is iyo beladi Tavisi eris, ermac Sesabamisad auba
mxari. zviadi zneobrivi magaliTi
iyo erisTvis Tavisi RirsebebiTa
da sisusteebiT. eri uapelaciod
miendo mas, xuTmilionianma gonierebam Tavi moiyara zviadSi. igi
ar eloda ase usityvo morCilebas.
eri faqtiurad ar icnobda mas.
erma icoda erTi da misTvis aucilebeli ram, raTa ndobis mandati
uyoymanod gadaeca misTvis - zviadi iyo konstantine gamsaxurdias
Svili. es sakmarisi argumenti iyo
maSindeli qarTuli masiuri azrovnebisa, raTa TavianTi bed-iRbali
da momavali isev da isev erTi kacis xelSi aRmoCeniliyo.
`erT kacso~, - vambob da vgulisxmob maSindeli sazogadoebis da
jerac bolomde veraRmofxvril
stereoti ps - igia ufrosi, me
var misi qveSevrdomi, e.i. morCili.
is ityvis, me vasruleb, radgan is
marTalia imitom, rom is ufrosia.
imas aRar fiqrobdnen - `da ufrosia imitom, rom me es ase minda~.
Tavi da Tavi mainc eris `ego~ iyo,
raTa mis `egos~ epovna `alterego~. swored rom `alter-egos~
ase-rigad warmoCinebas ar elodnen.
eri mainc miCveuli iyo komunistur funqcionerTa cxvirabzuebul
d mentorul, ufro mbrZaneblur
ti paJebs. zviadSi aseTi ufrosi
ver aRmoaCines, igi swored rom
eris `alter-ego~ iyo, magram amiTac ki daTvuri samsaxuri gauwies mas. ityoda zviadi, keTdeboda
ise. aravis ufiqria is, rom zviadi kerpi da mesia ki ara, aramed
Cveulebrivi adamiani iyo, romelsac
SeeZlo da uflebac hqonda daeSva Secdomebi. man saxelmwifo struqtura erTi kacis Targze moWra. swored amaSi dauSva man yvelaze didi da gamousworebeli Secdoma, danaSaulis toli Secdoma,
radgan misi damarcxeba niSnavda
saxelmwifo struqturis, saboloo
jamSi ki saxelmwifos damarcxebas.
amis gamo hqonda mas xelmwifeba
da ver gaxda xelmwife. prezidentis irgvliv rom trialebda kanoni da konstitucia, mas imitom gaaCnda xelmwifeba, rom gaenadgurebina eris Sinauri mtrebi, Semogzavnilebi da gadamTielebi. upirveles yovlisa zviadi da misi xelisufleba gaekida xmaurian da
skandalur politikur gadawyvetilebebs, mas, rac xalxs undoda da
gaarTobda 70-wliani mowyenilobis
Semdeg da zviadi aseT `dakveTebs~
pirnaTlad asrulebda, radgan ver
gaTvala politikuri Sedegebi, romlebic damRupvelad Semotrialda
misTvisac, misi xelisuflebisTvisac da xalxisTvisac.
m. beJaniSvili
(dasawyisi `mamuli~ N51-53,
dasasruli - Semdeg nomerSi)
anarekli
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
3
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
reportaJi
`somxuri qobuleTidan~
iyideba saqarTvelo,
saqarTvelo iyideba, iyideba, niko batono,
rac xmamaRla gatirebda, sajiSe-sagvartomo...
iyideba? ra gakadre?!
gaiyida, dido mamuliSvilo,
yvelaferi, yvelaferi, siTac unda gaixedo,
da xeli gaiSviro...
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fici mwams...
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
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cf,zjsf rfdibhib 3vbobc’dhbc tgb-
aki
qarTuliao,
batono
prezidento?
kidev erTi axali sastumro
gaixsna da Seemata Tbiliss.
`redisoni~ namdvilad qarTuli sawarmoa, - Tqva mixeil saakaSvilma sastumros gaxsnisas
(Turme `redisoni~ imitom yofila sawarmo, Tanac, rogorc, prezidentma Tqva, saeqsporto sawarmo,
rom aq Camosul-dabinavebuli ucxoelebi amisTvis fuls gadaixdian. saeqsporto yofila Cveni
gzebic, romlebze gadaadgilebisTvisac ucxoelebi fuls gadaixdian. ras izam, rogorc giWirdes,
ise giRirdeso, naTqvamia. hoda,
raki ucxoeTSi gasatani (samrewvelo produqcias vgulisxmob)
sxva bevri araferi gvaqvs da eqsport-importis saldo CvenTvis
katastrofulad uaryofiTia, aseTi `eqsportiTRa~ Tu moviwonmovityuebT Tavs!).
Tumca axla amaze msjeloba
sulac ar aris Cemi mizani da
minda baton mixeil saakaSvils
vkiTxo: ufalo prezidento, rogorRaa `redisoni~ qarTuli sawarmo, Tu mis fasadze erTi qarTuli sityvac ar WaWanebs, Tundac
inglisuri SriftiT awyobili.
ratom gaubedes amis gakeTeba
qarTvelebs `redisonis” Sinaurgareulma investorebma Tu mepatroneebma.
mogexsenebaT, gaveranebuli sastumro `Tbilisic~ SeiZines da
mSvenivrad aRadgines ucxoelebma,
magram misTvis arc garegnuli
ieri daukargavT da, rac mTavaria, arc saxeli - aRdgenil sastumros `Tbilisi merioti~ hqvia.
arc `metexi~ mousvria axal
ucxoel mepatrones metexis xididan mtkvarSi - sastumros `Seraton metexi palasi~ daerqva.
aq ki ra xdeba. ratom gabedes
viRac-viRaceebma `iveriis~ `gadaylapva~. imitom xom ara, rom aravinaa maTTvis pasuxis momTxovni.
ra gamodis. vardebis revoluciamdeli `uvargisi~ mTavrobaxelisufleba amJamindelze bevrad proqarTuli da qarTuljigriani yofila.
Tu imis bralia yvelaferi,
rom, raki yovelive kargi, Tanac
pirvelad saqarTveloSi, rogorc
amis xazgasmiT aRniSvna uyvarT
`vardosnebs~ Cvens qveyanaSi `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg daiwyo,
ra saWiroa, adamisdroindeli
`iveria~.
erTi ramec minda vTqva Cemi
kolegebis, `rusTavi-2~-is JurnalistTa sayuradRebod: gamudmebiT xazgasmiT rom aRniSnavndnen, laparakiTac da titrebif[fk vbofpt8 sevwf7 fhct,j,c dthcbf7
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Tac, sastumro `redison sas iveria~ gaixsnao, ratom ar dainteresdnen, rad ar aweria ase am
Senobaso.
Tumca es rom gaekeTebinaT, maSin isini xom, erTi kargi qarTuli komediisa ar iyos, revoluciamdeli `gonebaClungi~ bavSvebi
iqnebodnen da ara iseTi fxizelcqvitebi, romlebsac, vTqvaT, prezidentisken gasrolili fexsacmlis danaxvisas myisierad SeuZliaT kameris gamorTva an, minimum, eTerSi gaSvebamde arasasurveli kadris amoWra.
amitomac SevarCie am replikis
rubrikad erTi frTiani fraza,
romlis mixedviTac Cven, dRevandeli qarTvelebis umetesobas, xelisuflebis Tu maTi mxardamWeri samive `rusTavi-2~-is arc
fici gvwams da arc bolo gvakvirvebs.
Cven, dRevandeli qarTvelobis
umetesoba, ai, riT vgavarT mosaWrelad gamiznul-ganwirul xes:
xom gaxsovT, rogor amoikvnesa
im sawyalma, - Cems mosaWrelad
gamzadebuli culi ras damaklebda, Cemive merqnidan gamoTlili
tari rom ar hqondeso...
ase varT Cvenc: yovelive qarTulis fexebzekidia Sinauri Tu
gareuli ras dagvaklebda, Cvenive jilagis ujigro ufrosoba
rom ar gvyavdes!
Tumca, jer erTi, ase iolad
verc veravin `mogWvris~, da, meorec, xisgan gansxvavebiT adamians
Tavadac SeuZlia gadaadgileba
da sxvaTa ga-da-adgilebac!
mTavari saTqmeli ki ai, ra
aris: iveria gabrwyindebao, xSirad
rom gviyvars Tqma, swored is
`iveria~ gaabrwyineT, batonebo, gadakeTebuli yofili sastumro
`iveriis~ Senobaze, Tanac `redisonis~ Tavze, radgan kanoniT, Tu
saxelwodebis aRmniSvneli sityvebi Senobaze vertikaluradaa
aRbeWdili, zeviT qarTuli warwera unda iyos, qveviT ki ucxouri, xolo Tu horizontalurad,
maSin marcxniv qarTuli, xolo
marjvniv - ucxouri.
asea es, batonebo! ufro sworad, ase unda iyos am axalgaxsnil `saeqsporto sawarmoSic~!
ruslan rusia
p.s. yvelaze metad ram gamamwara, iciT. mavan aramzadebs Turme
ki scodniaT, rom aucilebelia
sityva `iveriis~ xseneba da igi
wauweriaT kidec (oRond inglisurad)... `redisonis~ kazinos
skamebis sazurgeze.
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6
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seqtemberi, 2009, N54
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seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
7
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
qveynad aris wignebi, romlebic araTu gamocemisTanave,
aramed CanasaxSive ganwirulni arian dasaRupad. aseTi wignebiT avsebulia biblioTekebisa Tu wignis maRaziaTa Taroebi. SeiZleba ise gaataro
cxovreba arxeinad, rom maTi
arseboba-ararseboba arc ki
icode. aris agreTve iseTi
saintereso wignebi, romlebic
gizidaven, gi pyroben Tavisi
SinaarsiT, ideiT Tu kvlevebiT. magram SesaZlebelia umagaTodac cxovreba, ubralod
ar, an ver waikiTxav im wigns,
magram sadRac odesRac iqneb
mainc mogiwios misi gacnoba.
aseTi wignebi raodenobrivad arc Tu ise bevria, magram Tanafardobis balanss
karg da cud wignebs Soris
Tavisi SedarebiTi simciris
miuxedavad mainc ar arRvevs,
radgan kargi wigni yovelTvis
avsebs mkiTxvelSi wignierebisadmi midrekilebasa da maTi meSveobiT sulieri sazrdos meti raodenobiT miRebis
wyurvilsa da survils, im
vakuumiT gamowveul wyurvilsa Tu survils, rac warmoiSveba zRva samakulaturo
literaturidan, romelic veravis sZens Rirebuls.
magram aris iseTi wignebic,
romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia arseboba. isini organulad gadajaWvulni arian sazogadoebis yofiT da sulier
cxovrebasTan, uxilavi ZafebiT rom dakavSirebulan eris
warsulTan, awmyosTan da gansazRvraven momavals – momavals marTals, gulwrfels,
spetaks. aseTi wignebi kacobriobaSi ama Tu im eris savizito baraTia. maTi TiToeuli furceli istoriuli majiscemaa. aseT wignebs konkretuli avtorebi romc hyavdes,
mainc mamulis fesveuli sazrdoTia Seqmnili, mamuli ki
ufro didi da yovlismomcveli avtoria, vidre konkretuli saxelisa da gvaris mqone
avtori. es saamayocaa maTTvis,
vinc samSoblos sicocxlisunarianobis esa Tu is momenti daafiqsira da ganivTebul
ukvdavebad Seqmna.
qarTvel ersac sabednierod
moepoveba aseTi wignebi. marTalia, isini TiTze CamosaTvlelni arian, magram yvela
danarCen wignTa raodenobas
aRemateba xarisxiT. TiToeuli es wignebi tolia qarTul enaze daweril Tu dasawer yvela danarCen wigns, araTu mxolod utoldeba, aramed
aRemateba kidec.
aseT wignebs ganekuTvneba
upirveles yovlisa qarTul
enaze Targmnili biblia, qarTul bibliad wodebuli
`qarTlis cxovreba~, SoTa rusTvelis `vefxistyaosani~ da
iakob gogebaSvilis `dedaena~.
CamoTvlil wignebSi sruladaa dafiqsirebuli qarTveli
eris dasabamiTi metyveli ena
– mdidari simartividan sirTulemde, iqamde filosofiur
da kosmiur aspeqtebamde amaRlebuli.
`biblia~ mainc naTargmni
literaturaa, magram danarCenebi Tamamad iTvleba yvelanair qarTul enaze Seqmnil wignTa wignebad, wignebis ana-banad,
qarTuli enis margalitebad,
msoflios rom davanaxoT, ai,
es xalxi varT qarTvelebio
da srulad da amomwuravad
miiRos am wignebis meSveobiT
nebismierma ucxoelma Cveni
eris Sesaxeb informacia.
SeiZleba, romeliRac mwerlis Semoqmedebaze izrunos
misma memkvidreebma, dainteresebulma pirebma, sazogadoebis
garkveulma didma Tu mcire
nawilma, magram `qarTlis
cxovrebaze~, `vefxistyaosanze~ da dedaenaze unda izrunos swored rom saxelmwifom.
es wignebi me mesaxeba saxelmwifo himnis, Rerbisa da droSis tolfasad, eris simbolod wignier aspeqtSi gamoxatuli.
Cven yvelani davalebulni
varT am unikaluri erovnuli
saxelmZRvaneloebis winaSe, qedi unda movixaroT maTi aRmatebuleba avtorTa winaSe, romelTa saxelebi mravlismetyvelia, magram ufrore metis
mTqmelia saukuneebis siRrmeSi Tvalsmofarebuli usaxelo avtorebis saxelebi, romelTa saZirkvelze aRizardnen
TviT didi SoTa da didi
iakobi, miT ufro Tu qarTlis
cxovrebis mematianeTa saxelebis umravlesoba ucnobia.
didi tragedia ar iqneba
usaxsrobis gamo ama Tu im
mwerlis wigni, an wignebi ar
daibeWdeba, dRes Tu ara xval
gamoiZebneba amisi saxsrebi, an
arada mecenatebi moiZebnebian
ukeTes dros. didi saCuqari
iqneba wignieri mkiTxvelisTvis didi qarTveli moazrovneebis akademiuri gamocemebi
(mravaltomeulebi). arc is
iqneba didi erovnuli ubedureba, Tu aseTi gamocemebi
saxsrebis momWirneobis gamo
naklebi poligrafiuli xarisxiT Tu daibeWdeba, an Tu
saerTod ar ar iqneba ilustrirebuli. mkiTxvels amisTvis bodiSs aravin mouxdis.
ai, rodesac odnavi mzrunveloba daakldeba `vefxistyaosans~, `dedaenas~ (gamocemis SemTxvevaSi), `qarTlis
cxovrebas~, saRvTo istoriasa
da saRvTo werils, anu biblias, aseT SemTxvevaSi nebismieri mkiTxveli mkacri momTxovni unda gaxdes nebismieri sagamomcemlo jgufis
mimarT, ufro metic, ise rogorc bibliis gamocemis maRalpoligrafiul doneze zrunavs saqarTvelos sapatriarqo,
aseve saxelmwifo unda zrunavdes im danarCeni wignebis
saTanado doneze gamocemisaTvis. `vefxistyaosani~ marto
poetebisa da rusTvelologebis sakiTxavi ar aris, arc
`qarTlis cxovrebaa~ marto
istorikosis samagido wigni,
miTumetes `dedaena~ marto
sabavSvo saxelmZRvanelo araa,
is nebismieri qarTvelis sulierebis saganZuris cxraklitulis erTaderTi oqros
gasaRebia, romelic yvela asakis adamianisTvis aRebs sibrZnis am saganZurs da Sehyavs
masSi yvela mowadinebuli mamuliSvili. amitoma aqvs am
wignebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba qarTveli eris SegnebaSi.
ai, ras wers nodar dumbaZe:
`Cems ojaxSi erTi uZvirfasesi wigni-relikvia inaxeboda. es wigni gogebaSvilis
`dedaena~ gaxldaT. `dedaena~,
romliTac Cemi deda swavlobda da romelsac me mikiTxavda bavSvobaSi, vidre skolaSi
wavidodi. imitom ki ara, rom
`dedaenis~ gaWirveba iyo Cvens
ojaxSi, ara, igi Selocvili
akvaniviT gadadioda Taobidan
TaobaSi da ise iyo gacrecili, furcel-furcel daSlili da aTasjer dakabadonebuli, rom Zalauneburad moiTxovda uaRresad saTuT da
saTno mopyrobas~.
swored `dedaenaa~ is erovnuli relikviis erT-erTi
mTavari niSansveti, romelzedac gadis yvela qarTvelis
bavSvobis cnobiereba. amitomaa didi sulierebiT mosapyrobi es Zvirfasi wigni.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi `dedaena~ ixveweboda drois viTarebaTa Secvlis Sesabamisad.
leqsika, sintaqsi, idea, azri
icvleboda aseve qarTuli
enis gramatikis daxvewis Sesabamisad, magram ucvleli iyo
da dResac aseve ucvlelia
misi modeli, misi mTavari
principi – qarTuli enis, qarTuli aso-bgerebis iolad
aTviseba. amisaTvis TviT gogebaSvilma qarTuli Sriftis
modernizeba moaxdina, romliTac dRemde ibeWdeba dedaenis
wignebi. am Srifts `gogebaSvils~ uwodeben da igi
ucvlelad movida Cvenamde
imisda miuxedavad, rom poligrafiuli teqnika `dedaenis~
Seqmnis dRidan mravaljer Seicvala da daixvewa. dResdReobiT e.w. cifruli beWdvaa
mizanSewonili. istorias Cabarda graviura da cinkografia. ilustracia `dedaenidan~ erTi-erTze gadadis da
mas aRar sWirdeba ferebis
gasworebis ukve moZvelebuli
meTodebi. sabeWd manqanaSi TiToeuli formis erTxel gatarebac kmara, feradi ilus-
nze swevs, Tu ar axSobs sruliad. aseTi teqnikiT Sesrulebuli ilustraciebi, ragind kargic unda iyos isini,
mowafeebze didaqtikur zegavlenas ver moaxdens. es mkveTrad Cans wignis im gverdebze, sadac fotoilustraciebia gamoyenebuli. fotoebi
bundovnadaa gamosuli beWdvis Sedegad. Tu es poligrafiis xarisxis Semcirebis gamo araa, maSin TviT fotogadaRebis brali iqneba, radgan
bSi da CeCavs. gogona brazobs,
biWi ki kmayofilia;
meoTxe suraTi aseTive principiT aris dabeWdili furclis marjvena kuTxeSi da
masze daxatulia meore suraTis personaJi biWi, romelsac
miaqvs yvavilebi amxanagisTvis,
romlis siuJeturi gagrZelebaa mis zemoT moTavsebul suraTze.
romc CavTvaloT es suraTebi or sxvadasxva siuJetad
(da asec aris), nebismier Sem-
kidev ramdenime mcireodeni
SeniSvna wignis SedgenasTan
dakavSirebiT: magaliTad: 28-e
gverdze aso-bgera `T~-s Seswavlis ganakveTSi ilustrirebulia, Tu rogor adis daTvi xeze. im dros, rodesac
teqstualuri da vizualuri
mxare erTmaneTs ar emTxveva
– moswavlem jer kidev ar
icis Semdegi asoebi, rogoricaa `d~ da `x~. erTaderTi
ram, rac SeiZleba icodes bavSvma, erTdroulad waikiTxos
tracia rom miviRoT. qaRaldis damuSavebac axal xarisxze avida – TviT qaRaldis
simtkice da gamZleoba (rogorc es carcis qaRaldis damuSavebis Sedegad dabeWdil ferad albom-wignebisas xdeboda) wignebis maRalRirebulebaze metyvelebs.
amJamad Cemi mokrZalebuli
SeniSvnebi da survilebi msurs gamovTqva swored `dedaenis~ erT-erT bolodroindel gamocemaze, romelic
Seadgina valerian ramiSvilma,
Seavses da gadaamuSaves Tamar
RonRaZem, aw gansvenebulma vaxuSti kotetiSvilma da aka
morCilaZem. wigni gamosca gamomcemloba `aisma~ q. TbilisSi 2006 w. Smuctitulis
meore gverdze saCinod weria:
`rekomendebulia erovnuli
saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier. saxelmZRvanelom warmatebiT gaiara
pilotireba saqarTvelos
skolebSi~.
keTili da patiosani!...
yvelaferi es misasalmebelia, miTumetes maSin, roca
dRevandel epoqaSi naklebi
yuradReba eTmoba erovnuli
suliskveTebiT aRzrda-ganaTlebis sakiTxs da saganmanaTleblo sistema gadarTulia
msoflio globalizaciis
procesSi. ra Tqma unda, vinc
saqmes akeTebs, xarvezebi swored mas eqneba. srulyofili
saxiT jer arcerTi saxelmZRvanelo ar Seqmnila, TviT
`dedaenac~ ki. gavixsenoT isic,
rom iakob gogebaSviliseuli
saxelmZRvanelo ganicdida
mudmiv ganaxlebas da didi
qarTveli pedagogis sicocxleSi ganxorcielda `dedaenis~ 33 gamocema, anu pirvelidan ocdacamet gamocemamde mudmivi damuSavebis procesSi iyo da arcerTi am gamocemTagani wina gamocemis
sityva-sityviT ganmeoreba ar
yofila. raRaciT ivseboda,
raRac akldeboda, magram rCeboda is, rac sakvanZo da maradiuli iyo.
asevea valerian ramiSviliseuli `dedaenis~ saxelmZRvaneloc. aris masSi is xrtili da RerZi daculi, riTac dRemde moaRwia am wignma da uaRresad fasobs CvenSi, magram samwuxarod aris
iseTi xarvezebi da Secdomebi, romlis gaTvaliswineba da
gasworeba saWirocaa da aucilebelic.
upirveles yovlisa, yuradReba gasamaxvilebelia poligrafiul xarisxze, rac feradi beWdvis pirobebSi sakmaod naklebi xarisxiTaa Sesrulebuli da am faqtoris
gamo wigni vizualur efeqts
ver axdens, arada arsebobs
gacilebiT maRalxarisxovani
sastambo teqnikuri saSualebebi, romelic Tavisi xarisxiTa da mravalferovnebiT gamoiwvevs pirvelyovlisa bavSvebis interess. rogorc cnobilia, brWyviala ferebi Tvals
stacebs adamians, miTumetes
pirvelklasel mowafes, risTvisac wigni siaxlea, saTamaSodan axla gadadis wignze.
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo
ki Sesrulebulia e. w. Camqrali ferebiT da bavSvebSi mimzidvelobis efeqts ukana pla-
am fotoebze araa swori fokusireba. aseT SemTxvevaSi redaqtori valdebuli iyo wuniani masala ar gaeSva wignSi.
kidev erTi detali, rac
wignis mxatvrul gaformebas
Seexeba –
marTalia, gemovnebaze ar
davoben, magram aris iseTi
wvrilmani sakiTxi, romelic
aSkarad TvalSi sacemia da
mowoneba-armowonebis parametrebSi ar jdeba. bevri ilustraciebi Seuferebelia, am xasiaTis wignisTvis mainc. konkretulad 45-e gverdze moTavsebul bostneulSi Znelad
Tu amoicnob kombostos, radgan es bostneuli kultura
ufro sxvanairi moyvanilobiTa da formiTaa amosacnobi – yvelam saukeTesod icis,
rom kombosto aris mrgvali
formisa da moTeTro feris,
aseTi jiSis kombosto ki Znelad misaxvedria, da miT ufro bavSvebisTvis.
Tundac 50-e gverdze dabeWdil suraTSi, sadac asoebi gabneulia da unda amoicnon moswavleebma `goSia~, ver
mixvdebi goSiaa es cxoveli,
mgeli, tura, Tu virTxa. CamoTvlili cxovelebis yvela
niSan-TvisebiT aris `Semkuli~ es naxati. mglis drunCi
aqvs, ZaRlis Tavi da yurebi,
turis fexebis simokle, virTxis aburZgnuli balani, feri da tanis moyvaniloba. SeiZleboda ki goSia ise daxatuliyo, rom saorWofo ar
gamxdariyo misi amocnoba. es
detali aRar jdeba im parametrebSi, mxatvris namuSevrebi momwons Tu ar momwons.
aseTi ilustrireba miuRebeli unda iyos yvelanairi
gamocemisaTvis, rogori poligrafiuli xarisxiTac ar unda daibeWdos wigni.
winaresaanbano ganyofilebaSi or SemTxvevaSi, sadac
konkretuli siuJetebi gadmocemulia ilustraciebis saxiT, TviT siuJetis ganviTarebidan gamomdinare naxatebis
Tanmimdevroba darRveulia da
ver mixvdebi, Tu ra aris da
ratomaa ese ase gadanawilebuli. me-11 da me-14 gverdebze es ilustraciebi dalagebulia diagonalze Wadrakis
dafis ganlagebis princi piT.
magaliTad, me-11 gverdze
furclis zeda marcxena kuTxeSi moTavsebulia aseTi naxati: merxTan zian moswavleebi (gogo da biWi) zurgSeqceviT erTmaneTs ebutebian;
meore suraTi moTavsebulia am suraTis qvemoT, oRond
marjvena mxares, anu Tanmimdevroba kibiseburi unda iyos.
aq ki sul sxva Cacmulobis
amxanagebi (aqac gogo da biWi)
dganan merxTan. merxze devs
qoTanSi Cadebuli yvavilebi.
gogos saxe kmayofili aqvs,
biWi odnav Tavdaxrili grZnobs amxanagis keTilganwyobas;
mesame suraTze pirveli suraTis paralelurad (qvemoT)
da meore suraTis qvemoT kibiseburi, anu diagonaluri dacilebiT, oRond marcxniv, mesame suraTia dabeWdili, sadac pirveli suraTis personaJebi arian gamosaxulni –
merxTan zian gogo-biWi. biWs
Cauvlia xeli gogos nawnave-
TxvevaSi darRveulia Tanmimdevroba. erTi SexedviT, Tu
safuZvlianad ar daukvirdebi, ifiqreb, es erTi mTliani
siuJetiao. Tu bavSvi ase aRiqvams am gverdze moTavsebul
suraTebs, misTvis gaugebari
gaxdeba sad aris siuJetis
dasawyisi, sad ganviTareba da
sad dasasruli. aq konkretulad araa gamokveTili urTierTsapirispiro niSanTviseba
bavSvebis da am xasiaTebidan
gamomdinare urTierTobebi amxanagebs Soris.
analogiuri princi piT
aris ganlagebuli me-14 gverdze moTavsebuli sayovelTaod cnobili siuJeti ZaRlis
Sesaxeb, romelsac pirSi Zvali aqvs, xidze gadasvlis
dros rom wyalSi sakuTar
anarekls dainaxavs da gadaxteba mdinareSi, im meore ZaRls wavarTmev Zvalso, dabolos im Zvalsac dakargavs,
rac hqonda da gawuwuli amova mdinaridan.
am gverdzec darRveulia
Tanmimdevroba.
pirveladaa moTavsebuli
ZaRli rom wyalSi xteba (ratom?);
meoredaa – ZaRls piriT
miaqvs Zvali;
mesamedaa – ZaRli gorakze
amodis gawuwuli da gawbilebuli (Zvali daekarga);
meoTxedaa - ZaRli dgas
xidze da mdinareSi uyurebs
Tavis anarekls.
am ganyofilebis swavlebisas moswavles ver moTxov,
daalage suraTebi Tanmimdevrulad Sinaarsis mixedviTo,
amisTvis isini mzad ar arian
da, mitom. xolo Tu vinme
vunderkindi aRmoCnda, es wigni 2-3 wlis asakSi eqneba gadabulbulebuli.
bulbuli vaxsene da rom
ar vTqva, ar SeiZleba:
90-e gverdze moTavsebulia
giorgi leoniZis leqsi `dedaena~, gverdiT ki akvanze Semomjdari `mgalobeli frinveli~ (bulbuli iqneba es,
Tu beRura, sxva sakiTxia).
SeuZlebelia leqsis ilustracia striqonis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT (`Cvens akvans
Semomjdari mgalobeli frinveli~). am SemTxvevaSi aSkarad darRveulia bavSvis metaforuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebis princi pi. es ki, rbilad rom vTqvaT, ar SeiZleba,
rac aSkarad TvalSi sacemi
detalia da mikvirs, saxelmZRvanelos Semdgenelsac ratom ar eca es TvalSi. rac
aqamde Cemi SeniSvnebi gamovTqvi, eseni araferia imasTan,
rac am SemTxvevaSi. bavSvi
xom pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT
gaigebs am naxatis ilustrirebis Sedegs, arada, leqsi
Tavidan bolomde xatovani
TqmiT, metaforebiTa da epiTetebiT aris gawyobili. maswavlebelma xom unda auxsnas
mowafeebs, rom es yvelaferi
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT unda vigulisxmoT. ilustracia ki pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT miaswavlebs bavSvebs aRiqvan leqsi da verc erTi pedagogi veRar gadaaTqmevinebs Tavis mowafeebs imas, rom mgalobel frinvelSi Citi ki
ara, Tavad `dedaena~ unda vigulisxmoT.
da wanakiTxi Seadaros naxats,
aris daTvis TaTi. es SesaZlebelia Tematurad dasaSvebic
iyos, magram umjobesi iqneboda
sxva Sesaferisi ilustracia
moTavsebuliyo am gverdze, sadac vizualuradac iolad
aRiqvamda moswavle am asobgeras. es naxati ki SeiZleba
gadatanil iqnes aso-bgera
`d~-s dasaswavl ganyofilebaSi 62-e gverdze, rac uTu-
od gaamdidrebda mocemuli
aso-bgeris aRqmas. aseTive Seusabamobaa 33-e gverdze mocemuli Tixis WurWelTa mTeli
wyebis warmoCenisas. SeiZleboda TvalsaCinod erTi romeliRac Tixis WurWeli ganTavsebuliyo, an Tasebis mravalsaxeoba, riTac Tasis aRqma
ukeT iqneboda SesaZlebeli,
Tundac Tixis nakeToba yofiliyo. eseni da sxva masalisgan
gakeTebuli WurWeli aso-bgera `W~-s daswavlisas ufro
iqneboda mizanSewonili, konkretulad 85-e gverdze mocemuli davalebis nacvlad, an
mis paralelurad.
axla ramdenime SeniSvna
TviT teqstobriv masalazec,
sadac gaparulia TiTo-orola uzustoba, romelTa gasworeba iolad aris SesaZlebeli: 104-e gverdze moTavsebulia mcire monacemebi did
qarTvel poetsa da moazrovne
SoTa rusTvelze. erTgan aseTi detalia gaparuli: - man
dawera didi poema `vefxistyaosani~.
Zneli warmosadgenia bavSvisTvis ra sididezea aq saubari. an romc warmoidginos,
rogor SeiZleba nawarmoebi
did-patarobiT daiyos. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom Cven saqme
patara bavSvebTan gvaqvs da
damaxinjebuli warmodgena ar
unda SevuqmnaT nawarmoebebze,
maT moculoba-sidideze da
av-kargianobaze. sakmarisia, amoviRoT sityva `didi~ da winadadeba gamarTuli iqneba rogorc azrobrivad, aseve Sina-
arsobrivadac.
120-e gverdze moTavsebulia
teqsti farnavaz mefis Sesaxeb,
sadac erTgan dasaxelebulia
`saqarTvelo~. rogorc cnobilia es toponimi ar arsebobda farnavazis dros. es uzustobac gasasworebelia, Tundac es teqsti gogebaSviliseuli iyos da es maSin, roca
momdevno gverdze, sadac moTxrobilia wmida ninos Sesaxeb
TvalnaTlivaa dasaxelebuli
iveria, rogorc saqarTvelos
erT-erTi uZvelesi dasaxeleba. Tu wminda ninos moTxrobaSia SesaZlebeli aseTi ram
gakeTdes, miT ufro unda gaswordes es uzustoba farnavazTan mimarTebaSi da miTumetes maSin, roca farnavazi
saxeldobr iveriis (iberiis)
mefe iyo.
125-e gverdze, sadac moTxrobilia daviT aRmaSeneblis
Sesaxeb, erTgan weria `igi jer kidev bavSvi iyo,
rodesac saqarTvelo osmalebma dai pyres~.
unda iTqvas, rom daviTis
dros osmaleTi, rogorc saxelmwifo da rogorc eTnosi, ar arsebobda da Sesabamisad
saqarTvelos ver daipyrobda.
XI-XII saukuneebis mijnaze
saqarTveloSi e.w. `didi Turqoba~ iyo, anu Turqmenuli
tomebi saxldebodnen saqarTvelos teritoriaze, xolo
osmaleTsa da Turqmenebs Soris didi sxvaobaa (Turqisa
da osmaleTis identifikacia
mxolod dRevandeli realobidanaa SesaZlebeli. rodesac
osmaleTis imperia daiSala
I msoflio omis Semdeg, mis
nacvlad Seiqmna TurqeTis
respublika).
aseT Secdomas TviT iakob
gogebaSvilic ver dauSvebda.
amitom teqsti gasasworebelia. aki iolad erevian didi pedagogis teqstebSi winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos Semdgenlebi, roca Tamar mefis
Sesaxeb weren: `ai, Turme pawawina yvavilebic mis saxelze yvaviano...~ da mocemulia
ana kalandaZis leqsi. bunebrivia, es teqsti redaqtirebulia, Torem iakob gogebaSvils saidan ecodineboda
ana kalandaZis leqsi. e. i.
Tu SesaZlebelia gogebaSviliseuli teqstis romelime
nawilma ganicados cvlileba,
sadac es aucilebelia, aseve
unda moxdes maTi marTebuli
formebiT Sesworeba.
da bolos, es teqstebi zogadad konkretuli sagnis, movlenis, raRac konkretuli sakiTxis SemecnebiT suraTs naklebad gvaZlevs, istoriuli
moTxrobebis gamoklebiT. rom
SevadaroT `dedaenis~ pirvel
gamocemebs, masSi mravladaa
mocemuli aseTi SemecnebiTi
teqstebic, magaliTad frinvelebze, cxovelebze, qalaqebze,
soflebze, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxareebze. am SemTxvevaSi ki saxelmZRvanelo maqsimalurad gamartivebulia. saWiroa meti SemecnebiTi teqstebi, romlebic Seqmnis codnis
baziss momdevno jgufebSi
sxvadasxva sagnebis swavlebisaTvis. 1912 wlis `dedaenis~ meore nawilSi mravladaa ganyofilebebi, sadac konkretuli Tematikis mixedviT
aris dawyvilebuli saswavlo
teqstebi. ase magaliTad: moTxrobani da leqsebi wminda
zneobaze; samoswavlo nivTebi;
Sinauri cxovelebi; gareuli
cxovelebi; mcenareuloba;
sxvadasxva movlenani; saqarTvelo (aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi - cal-calke ganyofilebiT); qveynisTvis Tavdadebuli qarTvelebi. kargi iqneba,
gogebaSviliseuli Tematikis
dawyvilebis princi pi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba `dedaenis~ momdevno gamocemebSi.
manuCar kaWaxiZe,
2009 wlis sazafxulo
ardadegebi
8
ibeWdeba pirvelad
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
merve saTqmeli:
cecxlkaris
mistiuri xilvebi
medeam daasvena Svilebi
marxilze. isev daitira isini
da neli svliT gauyva gzas.
igi marxilze ar Semjdara,
cxens mihyveboda fexdafex
mgloviared. gzaSi SemoaRamda. magram gzas mainc ganagrZobda. es iyo, rom jer ver
gaerkvia saiT wasuliyo da
ra unda moemoqmedna. erTi
ram cxadi iyo misTvis - SurisZieba ulmobeli iqneboda
araTu erTeulebisTvis, aramed
yvelasaTvis. esec ar icoda,
erTi daSniT rogor moaxerxebda SeeZra suliT xorcamde mTeli elada, saSviliSvilo damRad rom dasmodaT
bavSvebis sisxli. cremlebi
niaRvariviT mosdioda TvalTagan. gvelis perangi emosa
medeas da es mrisxanebas ufro matebda mis iers, vidre
ususurobas. arada, arc arasodes yofila ususuri, TviT
yvelaze umweo mdgomareobaSic ki. midioda da misi nabijebi mtkice iyo, am nabijebs
Tavganwirva erqva, radgan misTvis aRar datoves araferi,
risTvisac Tavs dazogavda raRacnairi ukan daxeviT. medea
iseTi Seupovari iyo im wuTebSi, rom udides laSqarsac
ki Seebmeboda marto, gamwarebuli deda iyo, da mitom.
gza ki mosawyenisi erTferovnebiT gadaiWima da miTumetes
Sebindebulze, rodesac mgzavri aremaris daTvalierebiT
ver erToba da verc klavs
gzis usasrulobis sisrules.
medeac Tavidan bolomde mTeli gonebiT mindobili iyo
am gzas, saiTac waiyvanda, mosawyenad ki ar ecala. gzas mTvare
anaTebda, varskvlavTa mravalferovneba safiqralTa warmoSobis niSans iZleoda da gardasuli Ramis ganmeorebisagan
icavda cisqveSeTs. yvelaferi
damSvidebuli iyo.
grili niavi saamod asunTqebda daRamebul gazafxuls.
imisaTvis, rom Rameuli gza
momqancveli da rulis momgvreli ar yofiliyo, mgzavrma
Cumad RiRini daiwyo. TiTqos
sakuTar sxeuls amiT Zilis
saSualebas ar aZlevda. RiRinebda da am RiRinSi kolxuri sityviTa da kiloTi Tavis
uiRblo axalgazrdobas dastiroda, romlis nayofebi sikvdilSemosili wylulebiT
ganisvenebdnen marxilze. dedas Tavisi ZaZebi gadaefarebina, raTa ar Seexedna mkvdari
SvilebisaTvis. es ufro uadvilebda RiRinis survils.
imdenad gulSi Camwvdomad
RiRinebda medea, rom TavisTavad Tavisi namReris tyveobaSi moeqca da ise moeqca, rom
xmas umata, umata da umata.
es xma male yvirilSi gadaizarda, magram bevrjer yvirili kvnesa ufroa da miT ufro momnusxavia igi, Tu mas
simRera hqvia da mas deda
mReris. aRar daeZina medeas
im RamiT. ukve meore Rame iyo
ebrZoda Zils da ZilTan brZolaSi imarjvebda, siymawvile
amarjvebinebda mas sxeulis
araadamianur momqancvelobasTan WidilSi. yvelaze kargad
qalebi sakuTar Tavsa da sxeuls umklavdebian. mReroda
medea da am simReraSi tkivili ismoda. simReras vambob,
Torem mTeli xmiT gahyviroda. visTvis rogor aRiqmeba
- yvirilad Tu mRerad, es
adamians gaaCnia, radgan bgeraTa wyoba visTvis sevdaa, visTvis sixaruli, visTvis ki
ubralod xmauri. medea Sestiroda, `lilevda, dideba Sendao,
dideba Senda zeciero!
oqrosi gidgas sra-sasaxle,
gars akravs oqros galavani,
galavnis Ziras orbebia.
qim-qongurebze Sevardnebi.
Sens saRmrTo xarebs meufeo,
rqebi adgaT - rqebi oqrosi.
ialaRebze buRraoben,
iryevian didi qedebi~.
xmis Cawyvetamde uxmobda
medea liles. wrfeli cremlebi ymawvil-qalis grZnobebs
akeTilSobilebda. mere daRla igrZno xorxma, Seisvena
medeam, aRidgina sunTqva, radgan
aCqarebulad sunTqavda. SimSilic igrZno da wyurvilic.
daixara, xelebiT balaxebi moZebna, xelebiTve amoarCia, radgan Tvals uWirda sibneleSi
raimes garCeva. amorCeuli
bRujad amoputa miwidan da
SeWama. SeWama da eama. meti
Zala igrZno grZnobebSi gadavardnilma da isev daiRiRina,
isev umata xmas, barbol-dolaSs mimarTa Sewevnad maxvSebis ZarRvmagar da sasmenad
klde-WiuxsaviT udrek enaze,
ifiqreb, am enaze sityva ar
imReriso, magram yvelaze harmoniuli da nazi simRera, Tavis CvevebTan da garemo-bunebasTan Serwymuli, marTlacda,
am enaze imReris. melodiacaa Sesaferisi. hoda, RmerTma
rom adamianTa enebi gayo, yvela
maTgans Tanabrad misca madli,
siRrme da keTilxmovaneba.
Cvenzea damokidebuli - adamianebze, Tu rogor gamoviyenebT
mis RvTaebriv sibrZnes. RiRinebda medea da TandaTan xmas
simkveTre da SemarTeba emate-
boda simtkiciT gabrjnili,`samsxverploze ZRveni gvidevs,
xilva gvinda Seni saxis
Seni tvirTis zidva gvinda.
wveTavs irmis savse ZuZu,
TeTrad rCeba irmis kvali,
kldeebidan gadmoaden
rZis da Taflis uSret marags.
mze Semoaqvs rqebiT xarebs,
mze Senia barbol-dolaS~.
medea am simRerebiT aRar
uxmobda RvTaebebs, rogorc
es wina RamiT iyo. igi mxolod drois gasayvanad, gzis
momqancvelobis Sesamsubuqeblad mReroda. rom daamTavrebda erTs, meores iwyebda. TiTqmis yvela simRera-locva-galoba daamRera gzaSi. gulic
gaiqarva da gzac ase Tu ise
dafara, Rame gadaeRoba oRond.
isev Tavis sevdian simRerebs
misca Tavi, `didia Cveni pirimze,
xrmals irtyams
lerwam tanzeda.
ar moixdina moZale
misuli Tavis karzeda~.
aRarc uymo ymis mSveleli
pirimze Seeweoda mgloviare
Tvalcremlian dedas. axla
mogonebebmac ariv-daria medeas goneba. isev tkbili kolxeTi wamoelanda Tvalebs; xelis
gawvdenamde axlo warsuli
- bavSvobis dReebi.
am mogonebaSi igi bavSvi
iyo, cocxali iyo afsirtec.
isini mamidas samzareuloSi
damwvaris uqmes aRniSnavdnen,
meore dRes rom ger-SuriSxasTvis amzadebdnen mglis kvers.
mamidam, misma keTilma mamidam
mogrZo comi daamzada da erT
boloSi xeli wauWira da
erTiani formis comidan patara monakveTi gamoyo.
`es mglis Taviao~,- uTxra
patarebs.
bavSvebs gaecinaT. o, rogori gulwrfeli iyo es sicili, rogori marTali da spetaki. sad wavida es sicili
netav? mere mamidam mglis
coms qva Caudo pirSi.
`amas ras akeTebo?~- ikiTxes gakvirvebulebma.
amaze mamidasac gaecina, bavSvebs moefera da uTxra:
`es qva Wamos wreulso
mgelma, vidre Cveni saqonlebio.
sagaisodac klov qva Wamoso~.
gadaikiskises bavSvebma.
mere medeam hkiTxa mamidas:
`mgeli xom Cveni mfarveliao. ratom unda Wamos qva da
ara saqonelio~.
mamidam Sublze akoca bavSvs da uTxra:
`gonieri yofilxar, Sviloo, magram es icode da daixsomeo - mgels qva cecxlkarSi gadaatarebs mSvidobiT
da dagvicavs Tavisi ZlierebiTo, xolo saqonelze gadayolili mgeli mtacebelia
da meti araferio~.
`cecxl-karis miRma ra
ariso?~- axla afsirtem hkiTxa mamidas. imanac upasuxa:
`jer patarebi xarT da
roca gaizrdebiT, Tavadve mixvdebiT ra aris cecxl-kari
da raa mis miRmao~, - da masac
Sublze akoca.
mixvda, axla mixvda medea
ra aris cecxl-kari da ra
imyofeba mis miRma. afsirtem
ukve gaiara cecxl-kari da
daemkvidra cecxl-kars miRma.
mixvda, mxolod axla mixvda medea, Tu ratom iyo gamosaxuli aietis sabrZolo
alamze mgeli cecxlovani
qviT pirSi. isic gaaxsenda
medeas - Tavisi boCola, angeloza boCola, mis saxelze
rom mamam fuZis angelozs
Seswira, ra lamazi iyo mainc,
TvalTagan ar amodioda, rogori Wkviani TvalebiT uyurebda irgvliv yvelas. albaT
daaberebda ase ucodvelad mama Svilis angelozas, an gamwarebuli gaupobda Tavs, Tu
gaaxsenda is simware, mamis
tkivili rom hqvia, Tu odesme
gaigonebda xarze atexil angelozas bRavils.
tkbili mamida aRidgina
Tvalebma - patara iyo maSin
afsirte, mglebis eSinoda metismetad. mamidam qvasanayi
da savarcxeli samzareulo
odis dedaboZs miakra da mtirala bavSvs uTxra, `nu geSinia Svilo, mgeli
daixuTebao~.
mere anTebuli muguzali
Sestyorcna qvasanays.
`naxe Cemo biWo, rogor dauTuTqos piri Sen SemSinebel
mgelso...~
gagulisebul afsirtesac
acremlebul TvalebSi sixarulis sxivebi auWreldeboda da uceb gadaikiskisebda
gulianad.
`ase, Cemo kudraWebo, ase,
araferma SegaSinoT cxovrebaSio~.
arc SeSinebia arafris, TviT
civi sikvdilisic ki.
daaRona mogonebebma medea,
Tavis daxsna moisurva mogonebaTa marwuxebidan. amitom
cxens fafarSi Caavlo xeli
da daelapara. isic TiTqos
saubarSi erTvebao, frutuniT
pasuxobda raRaceebs. ase galies gzis naxevari da Sua
Ramem moqanca mgzavrebi. cotaoden sicivec igrZno qalis
Seumosavma fexebma. gvelis perangi Semoixvia barklebze,
Tbili iyo gvelis axladgamocvlili perangi, da mitom.
cota xniT Seisvenes cxenma
da qalma.
- ra vqnaT, saiT gavWendeTo, - hkiTxa medeam Tavis cxens,
magram es kiTxva pasuxis gasacemad ar dausvams misTvis.
piriqiT, pasuxi rom ar gascemoda, imitom ikiTxa, radgan
icoda, pasuxs veravin gascemda
mas, arc iyo saWiro raimes
Tqma sapasuxod,- arc rom mama
melis, arc rom satrfo. maS,
raRasTvis viCqaroT. Svilebs
ver gavacocxleb siCqariT.
SurisZieba ki rac ufro daayovnebs, miT ufro mwared moxvdeba mizans. amitom Tvali
movatyuoT, Cemo cxeno, da xval
isev ganvagrZoT gza. sZlis-
deboda marxils. cxenic sruliad damSvidda. medeas TvalebSi jer gakvirveba, Semdeg
ki sixaruli gamoikveTa. xeli
SeuSva cxenis fafars da nela
wavida sairxes Sesagebeblad.
sairxec mkafiod gamoCnda, sibnelis miuxedavad. igi mSvidad da auRelveblad midioda medeasken da rZis kvalsa
da surnels tovebda. arafers
ambobda sairxe, mxolod medeas uyurebda, - da uyurebda
saTnoebiT, ara-sibraluliT.
mis TvalebSi ar iyo wyena,
arc Tu SurisZieba, niSnismogeba. arc alersi ikiTxeboda,
TumcaRa TvalTa siRrmeSi, sadac sulis Sexeba xdeba xor-
pirebiT gavimagroT es Rame
da Segveweva dambadebelio,uTxra medeam Tavis cxens.
manac frutuniT daudastura
patrons naTqvami da wina marjvena fexi aswia da floqvi
miwas Cascxo, morCiladac daxara Tavi.
- rao, cxeno, ra ginda, rom
miTxrao,- CaekiTxa isev medea,TumcaRa ra unda miTxrao.
damSviddio. daisveneo. xval
didi gza gveliso.
cxeni ki ufro da ufro
mousvenrad urtyamda floqvebs miwaze da frutunebda.
- mgeli xom ar igeSe. SiSi
nu geqnebao. sanam Sens gverdiT var, veravin SegWamso. Cemi
biWebi ver davicavi, Torem me
da Sen am qveynis zurgze SegvWamen, Tu SevWamT, vivliT, Tu
ara, ra saTqmeli varTo.
cxeni mousvenrobam Sei pyro da marxilSi rom ar yofiliyo Sebmuli, gaiqceoda.
- ra dagemarTao, xom giTxari, cota SevisvenoT da mere
ganvagrZoT gzao. saCqaro aRaraferiao, dawynardio,- iqve
lodze Camomjdari medea wamodga, miefera cxens da isev
daapira dajdoma. cxeni ki
ar isvenebda, - cxedrebma xom
ar SegaSineao, magram aqamde
xom moitane isinio? - cota
ar iyos wyromis kilo Seeria medeas xmas, irgvliv mimoixeda, magram sibnelis meti
veraferi dainaxa.
`ara, raRac namdvilad dainaxa cxenma, axal xifaTs xom
ar grZnobs netav? aSkarad
mousvenrobam Seipyro, TiTqos
raRacnairad gangaSis winaTgrZnoba aqvso. risi geSi aiRo
netavo~,- ar asvenebda axla
amRamindeli sawuxari.
lagams dauwyo kvneta da
aWixvinda, mTlad gadairia.
medeac moemzada, radgan mixvda,
rom axlos iyo ukve is, risTvisac ase dafrTxa cxeni. yuradReba daZaba, xeli welze
gaCrili daSnisken waiRo.
amis mere warbebi SeiWmuxna
medeam, raSi ki sul ufro da
ufro mousvenari xdeboda.
saucbaTod bavSvebis cxedrebs
daxeda dedam. yvelaferi rigze iyo marxilSi da isev gadaafara bavSvebs Ramisferi
ZaZebi da isev cxenTan mibrunda. saidan iyo da saidan ar
iyo, sibnelidan gamoikveTa
kvesiviT brWyviala Tvalebi,
mere TandaTan konturic daixata. medea saxtad darCa dananaxiT, romelic TandaTanobiT TvalnaTlivi xdeboda da
moCvenebis cTomilebis siSoridan sicxadis xilvis gardamaval manZilze gamoCnda.
es ar iyo miraJi, amaSi darwmunda medea maSin, roca Rames
gamoeyo is Cveneba da medeas
miuaxlovda. cxenma Sewyvita
frutuni, is damSvidda. medeamac daSna isev welze gaikeTa da Tqva, - Tvalebi matyuebs, Tu marTla gxedav?! sairxe!!!.
cTan, swored iqedan modioda wyena, Sezavebuli patiebasTan. mSvidoba moutana medeas sairxem, iseTi mSvidoba
Zaladobas rom aqarwylebs
sruliad. TvalebSi uyurebdnen erTmaneTs, ar miiRo medeam mSvidoba, TumcaRa Serbilda misi boRmis gaqaneba.
RvarZliT amRvreuli Tvalebi
sairxem daumSvida da ufro
lamazi gamoCnda medea. cdilobda sairxe SurisZiebis
winswrafvas gadaRobeboda, ver
SesZlo, miuxedavad medeasadmi
Tayvaniscemisa. mis TvalebSi
ankara wyaros ubraloebiT
Sevsili sispetakis mziuri
sxivarekvla da nafiqris cocxlad ametyvelebuli wrfeli da daufaravi patiosneba
imzireboda. aman SeaCera medea
cota xniT.
- saidan mosulxaro, - Tvalebma hkiTxa Tvalebs,- an rogor mi poveo?
- bevri viare, Tu cota viare, vgrZnobdi, amitom gadmovlaxe cxra mTa da cxra zRva.
Senamde unda mometana mTeli
kolxeTio, - upasuxa Tvalebma
Tvalebs.
- Cemi kolxeTi mkvdariao,sinanuliT gadaxeda Tvalebma
Tvalebs. sayveduris mTqmeli
Tvalebi Seageba sairxem medeas, - Sen kolxi xaro da amas,
romc gindodes, verasgziT ver
Secvlio.
- maS, sadaa mama Cemi, an
deda Cemi, an da-Zma Cemi? me
xom yvelani erTdroulad davkarge, Cemi nebiT, Tu garemoebis gamo, amas aRara aqvs mniSvneloba. Svilebic ki, - cremlma
dafara TvalTa simetyvele.
sairxes Tvalebma anugeSa
- warbebi aswia simReris niSnad da CaimRera kolxuri
hangi:
- mze dedaa Cemi,
mTvare mama Cemi,
mocimcime varskvlavebi
da da Zmaa Cemi.
mere medeam xmamaRla uTxra sairxes, - eh, Cemo keTilo sairxe,
kargia, yvelaferi rom gamaxsene, magram raRasTvis? ras margebs me kolxeTi da kolxeTs
ras vargeb me. Cven erTmaneTi
ukve gavwireT - me Cemi TavisuflebisaTvis, man - sakuTari TavmoyvareobisaTvis. ase
rom, dagvianda Seni stumroba CemTan, veRarafers Secvli,
da mitom.
TvalebSi Caxeda sairxem
medeas, scada gadaerwmunebina
igi, medeam ki uTxra, - aq marxilSi mkvdar Svilebs mivasveneb iq, sadac am
cxedrebiT davamarcxeb eladelebs araTu brZoliT, mxolod Cemi gloviT. ver gauZleben eladelebi am samzerals, Tvalebi daewvebaT da
TavianT Svilebs dawyevlian.
- nu izam amas, - TvalebiT
Txova sairxem, - amaRldi sakuTar grZnobebze.
ver gaigo medeam, ra Txova
sairxem, radgan suliT xorcamde gabrjnili iyo SurisZiebis cxoveli wyurvebiT.
mecxre saTqmeli:
sairxe
sairxe mdumared uaxlov-
arc amaRlebula sakuTar
grZnobebze maRla, magram Sercxva ki raRac da isic sairxes
winaSe da sairxesave gamo da
Tavi dauxara sinanuliT. isev
TvalebiT uTxra medeam, –
- Sen Zlieri deda iyavi,
Sengan viswavle SvilebisTvis
brZola. Sen Zlieri iyavi, me
ki lamazi. arada Sen lamazi
xar, me ki Zlieri.
TvalebiT uambo sairxem
igavi, - erTi kaci cxovrobda
sofelSi. mgelTan megobrobda
es kacio. Ram-RamobiT Sejdeboda igi am mgelze da daTareSobda sofel-sofelo. mere
viRac gulovanma kacma es mgeli mokla, koWebi daaWra da
saxlSi waiRo, vinmem ar gaacocxloso mgeli. daRonebula es kaci, Savi nabadi mouxuravs da mesefobis dros
ase gamoudenia saqoneli mdinaris gaRmidan. dauswria mas
TeTrad gamowyobili qalebisTvis saqonlis gamodena. im
weliwads iseTi Zlieri Tovliani zamTari yofila, rom
gauwyvetia sofeli. im TeTrad gamowyobil qalebs rom
gamoedenaT, yvela gadarCeboda
da zamTaric Tbili da uwyinari iqneboda. iara am kacma
ukacur qveyanaSi da erTgan
ezo unaxavs, irmis rqebiT rom
iyo SemoRobili, jixvis rqebiT dawnuli WiSkari ekida.
Sevida am ezoSi da iq dauxvda xorcSesxmul oreulad
gardasaxuli gamgelebuli
zizRi. aRar SerCa am zizRs
aRaravin da TviT sakuTari
Tavi Caamwyvdia sakuTarsave
namoqmedarSi. merme am gamgelebulma zizRma es kaci SeWama. asea, sakuTari dardi SegWams sabolood, jer xom
sxvebs imsxverpleb, mere roca
aRaraferi darCeba, maSin imaze
metad dagamwuxrebs igi, vidre
dRes xaro.
mwared gaeRima medeas, yuri
ar daugdo sairxes, mxolod
moismina misi Tvalebis naTqvami. xmamaRla uTxra medeam
sairxes, - im weliwadsac nabdiani
kaci gamovida zRvidan mesefobisas. Coxa–dampala im TveSi,
iseTi wvimebi wamosula. laSam miambo es ambavi bavSvobisas, me kargad davixsome, mas
ki daaviwyda. rom wamovizardeT, msxverplad Sewirvia vaSas. Semebrala laSa, Cemi keTili megobari, romelmac es
sevdiani ambavi miambo imitom,
rom TviTon daviwyeboda, me
ki mxsomeboda, rogorc misi
saxsovari.
- ra iyoo es ambavi? ukiTxavs sairxes Tvalebs.
- bedgautexeli cixis raindi iyo laSa. im weliwads,
nabdiani kaci rom gamovida
zRvidan, mteri Semoesia cixes,
bedis gatexva ndomiaT Turme. marto yofila raindi cixeSi. damxmare aravin hyolia
Turme. cixis qongurebze arwivebi isxdnen, TviTon laSa
ki Zvalmagaras koSkSi gamagrebula, mteri ki utevda, alya
Semoartya cixes. bedi sasworze SeudviaT da is-is iyo,
unda gaetexaT da mTeli
cxovrebac amiT damTavrdebuliyo, rom TavSesafari dautovebia laSas. vaJkaci iyo
laSa!!! cixidan gasula da
mtris banakSi misula. mxedarTmTavrisTvis mouxsenebiaT
bedgautexeli cixis mcveli
gvnebdebao, SemoixmeT, sityva
aqvs TqvenTvis saTqmelio. Seuxmia TavisTan laSa. Rame
yofila Turme da CiraRdnebis Suqze elavda laSas mgeliviT anTebuli Tvalebi. Seuxedavs misTvis mxedarTmTavars da ufiqria - es is kaci araa, cixes rom ubrZolvelad daTmobso. mere ukiTxavs
- risTvis mewvieo. es icodeo, - uTxrobia laSas, - bedgautexeli cixe iseve ar gatydeba cecxlsa da wyalSi,
haersa da miwaSi, rogorc me
ar gavtydebi da warbic ar
SemiTamaSdebao. esa Tqva da
anTebul CiraRdans SeuSvira
muStad Sekruli marji. laSa
idga mtkiced da Seuryevlad,
Tvalic ar dauxamxamebia, ise
ewvoda xeli. sanTeliviT daiRvenTa jer kani, mere aSiSinda sisxliani xorci, zezeulad Seiwva igi, Seiwva da
daiwva, danaxSira bolos,
Zvalze gadavida cecxli, muSti ki moRerili hqonda da
warbic ar Setokebia laSas.
TvalebSi uyurebda mters da
Tvalebi dauwva mters, ise
dauwva, rom veRar gauZlo
laSas momziralma uricxvi
laSqris mxedarTmTavarma am
sanaxaobas, erTianad daikrunCxa, ifiqrebdi, rom cecxli
laSas ki ara, mas wvavso, daTrgunulma mxedarTmTavarma
bedgautexel cixes moxsna
alya da Sors gadaikarga.
laSam Tavisi xelis simagriT
bedi ar gaatexvina mters.
Tavis xelSi iyo gamagrebuli
bedagautexeloba. mterma araTu Seicno laSas vaJkacoba,
man sakuTar sxeulSi SeigrZno laSaTi bedgautexeli cixis simagre. misi xeli wrfeli iyo da gulic spetaki.
mere iyo da miambo man es
ambavi da Semaswavla TvalebiT mtris gangmirva, TviTon
ki daviwyebia Tavisi Tavgadasavalic da Tavisi Zlevamosilebac. Zvalmagaras koSki laSas msgavsi raindebis magari
ZvlebiT yofila nagebi - RerZi bedgautexelobis. me menaneba laSa, vaSas samsxverploze
Semdgari. bnel RamiT angelozebma aitaces msxverplad Sewiruli ymawvili. mere xSirad vnaxulobdi laSas sizmrebSi Tavisi danaxSirebuli
da Zvalmagrad naqcevi danaxSirebuli muStiT, xanac am
marjze cecxlwakidebuli gamarjvebiT mesaubreboda aTas
rameze. argoze rom viyavi,
kolxeTis sanapiroebis xsovna
isev bedgautexelma cixem ganasaxiera, radgan yvelaze bolos mas Sevxede. nisliT ar
iyo Semosili, magram daRvremili da sevdiani meCvena is.
netav rogoraa axla?- ikiTxa
medeam.
- laSa iyo im moTvinierebuli mglis patroni, sakuTarma sisastikem rom daRupa.
sadac movicvli rqebs, iq xe
amodis, romelsac saxeli ara
aqvs, arc raime foToli da
nayofi xarobs masze, magram
Cemi rqis xe natvris momtania, igi yovelTvis SefoTlilia adamianTa natvris foTlebiT. erTi rqa maqvs cxovelsmyofeli, romelic arasodes ar icvleba. igi laSas
bediviT Cemi Tanamdevia, radgan igi bedgautexeli cixis
mcveli da Zvalmagaras koSkis
saZirkveli iyo. TaviT vatareb mesame rqad cxovelmyofel jvars da igi Senamde
unda mometana, radgan bedgautexeloba me vzide sakuTar
TavSi damaxvilebuli Zvalmagaras koSkis maxviliT. mglis Zalamac, bedis simrTelemac, Zvlis simagremac, laSas
raindobamac CemSi moiyara Tavi, radgan Cemi rqebidan irgveba natvris xeebi da mesame
rqis ukvdaveba Sen unda gadmogceo, - TvalebiT uTxra
siarxem.
- Sen ratom zidav bedgautexelobas, gana ra iqna bedgautexeli cixeo? - TvalebiT
hkiTxa medeam sairxes.
dananebiT daxara Tvalebi
sairxem, mere ki isev Caxeda
TvalebSi medeas da upasuxa, - Senma wyevlam uwia bedgautexel cixeso. is daiqcao,
Sen rom gaSordi kolxeTis
napirebso. nangrevebSi me movyevi da ar davamsxvrie bolomde
bedgautexeloba da me vitvirTe amitom misi zidvao.
dailewa Zvalmagaras koSkis
ZvalTa simagre. mxolodRa
xomlis mTa gadarCa, magram
gadatexili xerxemaliviT, da
igi oTxTa qarTa sambrZanebloa axla. iq dali nadirobs
klde-deda mzeWabukisa. monadireebi loculoben darSi
dalze da mTaTa gamoZaxili
eqod pasuxobs monadireebs
TavianT nalocvarebs - `oo,
dideba mogsvlodes, madli
mogsvlodes, dal ieSxvamisas
dideba, dalo ieSxvamisao, Seni trablas aRebis dro gvaqvs,
karg gulze gvamyofe Cveni
saZmo, liJual saRamos karg
gulze Segvyare erTmaneTs, adamianis sulis samSvidobod
giZRvniT adamianis locvas~.
dalic Seyris oTxTa qarTa
da Seismens locvebs. dalis
TavSesafaric bedgautexeli
cixis Semdeg xomlis mRvimeebia. eqos miaqvs adamianTa nalocvarebi RvTaebamde, esaa
rom xandisxan da ufro metad
eqo ar aRwevs dalamde, dilamde ki loculoben monadireni. vidremdis bedgautexeli
cixe Zvalmagaras godoliT
mtkiced idga, adamianTa bedic
ar gatexila. axla ki yvelaferi Seicvalao.
daRonda medea sairxes motanili ambebis SegrZnebis Semdeg. srulad gaisigrZegana
Tavisi windauxedaobiT gamowveuli Sedegis simZime. erTianad aaforiaqa bedgautexeli cixis daRupvam. erTxans
ifiqra - yvelafers davTmob
da Sin davbrundebio, sulma
wasZlia, da mitom. mere isev
Tavisi satirali gaaxsenda da
isev pirquS medead gadaiqca.
aRar Sebralebia kolxeTi, radgan gulCvilobis sisustis
gamovlenisas wauxdeboda ganzraxva SurisZiebis. mainc ikiTxa
yasidad medeas Tvalebma, - CemTan ratom modio, me
ras mTxovo, bedgautexel cixes me xom ver aRvadgeno, an
rogor, an Tu ratomao?
sairxe aRar xedavda medeas, mxolod uyurebda mas da
eubneboda, - Senma wyevlam uwia kolxur bedgautexelobaso da
Sen unda zido misi marTali
tvirTio. me Senamde movitane igi, raTa erTmaneTs sWirdebiT Tqven. aq euli xar da
yovelTvis euli iqnebio. Sin
dabruneba, bedgautexelobis
tvirTi da sazidariao. dambadebeli Segifarebs da Segiwynarebs. Sens yvela tkivils
gikurnebs da aRar igrZnob
Tavs gaucxoebulad. sisxlis
yivili gixmobs, medea!.
- marTali xaro, sairxev, upasuxa medeas Tvalebma,- sisxlis yivili mixmobs pirvelyovlisa SurisZiebisaTvis.
marxilSi mkvdari Svilebiao.
meaTe saTqmeli:
saRvTo jogi
mkvdari Svilebis xsenebaze sairxem mravalmniSvnelovnad Sexeda medeas da medeam
bevri ram amoikiTxa sairxes
TvalebSi iseTi, risi Tqmac
enas ar SeuZlia da uZluricaa aRweros. erT SemoxedvaSi Caatia sairxem yvelaferi
is, risi sruli gaazreba da
gaxseneba medeas karga xani
dasWirda. da amoikiTxa ai, es:
sairxe Tavdapirvelad iremi yofila Turme lamazi TvalebiTa da cas awvdenili rqebiT. igi furi iyo da mitom
iyo aseoden mimzidveli. amboben, igi TeTri giorgis taZarbeRlebis jogSi Sedioda.
isic Tqmula, rom TviT TeTri
giorgi modenida am jogidan
romelime maTgans Tavis erTerT beRelSi Sesawirad da
gauSvebda mas salocavis galavanSi da daiwyebda coxnas.
nacoxraobasewireboda dambadebels: xalxi Tvals adevnebda samsxverplod sanamdis dainacoxrebda, mere ki daklavdnen TeTri giorgis saxelobaze. ase grZeldeboda JamiT
Jamamdis. monadireebic eridebodnen am jogidan irmis mokvlas, TeTri giorgisa da dalis risxva ar agvcdebao.
msxverplad SewirulTa rqebi
iqve taZar-beRlis galavnis
ezoSi esveneboda didis pativiTa da ridiT. Cveulebrivi
irmebisgan es irmebi imiT gansxvavdebodnen, rom dedal-mamlis ganurCevlad yvelas amodioda rqebi da gansxvavdebodnen imiTac, rom es rqebi cad
izidebodnen rogorc alva.
dedal-mamlis garCeva rqaTa
moyvanilobiTac SeiZleboda
- furis rqebi ganSi itotebodnen da xrmaliviT orlesuli iyo, xarebis rqebi ki
vazis rqebsaviT dagrexiliyo
da camdis adioda Tavisi gantotvebiTac. isini blagvi iyo
da bolo wveroebi wawvetili.
ambobdnen cargvalad megzuri
qud-bedianis xe amova da yvelani RmerTamdis wavalTo.
am jogidan nebismieri irmis naxtomi rZis nakvalevs
tovebda da SeurqmeviaT rZis
gza, xars rom gauvlia am
gzaze xaris naWlikarad gadarqmeula irmis naxtomi.
cis kididan cis kidemdis
gadamxtara giorgiseuli iremi da mTiebis usazRvroeba
Semourkalavs da ganusazRvria xomlTa Tvalsawiersa
da Tvalsawieris miRma usasrulobis farglebi. mTvarem
naTelmosili gaxada misi
rqebi, mzem oqros naperwklebad aqcia naxtomiT Semofargluli misi naCliqaris asxletili mosma da misi haerovneba brWyvialebiT gaaspetaka. irmis naxtomSi ambobdnen - `lamarias Tves amomaswari da jgiragis Tves Camomaswario~. roca Rrubeli dafaravda cargvals da bindi
gawvimebamde gadaekvreboda
cisqveSeTis dRiswuls, gasaocari dasanaxi iyo irmebis
gundi serze moxtunave, wyalmowyurebulni. wvimaSi ki Tavebs maRla aswevdnen da ciur
nams svamdnen, mere gamodarebulze qorfa balaxiT igemrielebdnen pirs. yvela irems
hkidebda pirs mgeli, garda
am saRvTo irmebis jogisa.
RamiTac saRvTo simSvidiT
eZinaT da gafantuliyo maTgan daZabuloba TviTgadarCenis. amitom maTi sxeulebi
erTi erTmaneTze mSvenieri
iyo. isini nebivrobdnen bunebaSi iseTi warmtacebiT, rogoradac ar nebivrobda sxva
arc erTi cxoveli dedamiwaze
gaCenili, rameTu TeTri giorgis saxelze kurTxeuliyvnen.
isini madls swiravdnen gamCens
da rigrigobiT TviTonve ewirebodnen RvTaebas ise, rom
jgrags aRar sWirdeboda maTi
salocavSi modena. romeli
irmis jeric iyo, is gantotvil rqebze sanTlebdanTili,
TavaRerili, Tavisufali nebiT
midioda daTqmul dros taZar-beRelSi. es sanTlebi cidan dafifqul kves-naperwklebs hgavda, RameSi ki mTeli
Tavisi mistiuri didebulebiT warsdgeboda mlocvelebis winaSe. xeli uTrToda
yasabs da amitom mxolod TeTri giorgis maxvili laxvravda msxverplad Sewiruls.
msxverpl-Sewirvis Semdeg sanTlebi uCinardeboda, magram
ar qreboda TviT rqebis zRapruli momxiblaoba. amitom
iyo, rom sanatrioni am rqebis
xeebze aRmocenda.
aravin icoda, vin amagrebda
sanTlebs irmebis rqebze, an
vin anTebda maT da es im
droidan, roca kacma da kacis
Svilma jer kidev ar icoda,
ra iyo cecxli. erTni darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom sanTlebs
TviT TeTri giorgi anTebda,
meoreT sjerodaT, rom isini
TavisiT inTeboda, mesameT miaCndaT, rom yvelafer amas Tavisi didebulebiT TviTSewiruli iremi akeTebda da rogor, es ki ver aexsnaT.
gagrZeleba,
dasawyisi ix. `mamuli~
N48,49,50, 51,52,53
profesori amxels
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
9
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
Tavidanve garkveviT vTqvaT, rom
dRes Cven mkiTxvelTan erTad 1999
wels saqarTveloSi r. burWulaZis
avtorobiT gamocemul `istoriul
kalendars~ vkiTxulobT, da mkiTxvelTan erTad varkvevT Tu sad
moxda avtoris mier istoriis uxeSi damaxinjeba, da saerTod, ramden
kiTxvis niSans vutovebT aseTi gamocemebiT STamomavlobas.
daviwyeb nabij-nabij, analiziT,
raTa mkiTxvels ufro srulyofili warmodgena Seeqmnas xsenebuli
gamocemis irgvliv.
kalendars Tavfurcelze aweria
`es yvelam unda icodes~ da iqve
mkiTxvels sTavazobs i. WavWavaZis
poema `dimitri Tavdadebulidan~
motanil amonawers: `modiT, Svilno,
aq mogrovdiT, getyviT gulis gasaTbobsa, _ vin viyaviT, ra viyaviT
Cven qarTvelni wina drosa...~
SemdgomSi kalendaris avtorSemdgeneli iwyebs saqarTvelos istoriis Txrobas uZvelesi droidan XVIII saukunis bolomde. qarTveli eris am uzarmazari istoriidan avtori exeba umTavress
da ZiriTads, rac, ra Tqma unda, misasalmebeli da mosawonia, Tu kiRa
yovelive rigze iqneboda gakeTebuli da Tanac erovnul-patriotuli
suliskveTebiT. avtoris mizani da
survili swored am amocanis ganxorcielebas isaxavs. magram mas
am saSviliSvilo da didad erovnuli saqmisaTvis saTanadod ver
gaurTmevia Tavi, bevri ram SecdomiT da damaxinjebuladaa warmodgenili, da es mometebulad vlindeba kaxeTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis mimarT SemoTavazebul msjelobebsa da daskvnebSi.
dRes Cven uadgilod, Ria karis
mtvrevad da yovlad zedmetad migvaCnia visaubroT, vimsjeloT da
vi paeqroT didi erekle mefe –
sardlis sayovelTaod gaxmaurebul da mravalgzis aRiarebul brZnul da SorsmWvretel sagareo
politikaze, moqnil di plomatiaze da saxelovan eriskacobaze, gmiroba – vaJkacobaze da mis legendarul omebsa da brZolebze. magram
ra vuyoT da rogor davtovoT
upasuxod saamayo winapris Sesaxeb
gamoTqmuli is Semzaravi msjelobaSefasebani, rac r. burWulaZis kalendarSi gvxvdeba?!
r. burWulaZes erekle II-is mier
warmoebuli samxedro moRvaweobisa
da sagareo politikis Taobaze
qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli dadebiTi Sefaseba gadaWarbebulad miaCnia da gadauwyvetia
moaxdinos maTi `gadafaseba~ da
mkiTxvels daanaxos `realuri~,
`WeSmariti~ da `gauzviadebeli~
mefe-sardlis namdvili saxe. aRniSnul poziciaze mdgari mkvlevari
arafers erideba da `marTlis Tqmis~ platformidan Semdegs acxadebs: `erekle II-is mefobis mimarT
arsebuli Tvalsazrisi SemuSavebulia im Zalis ideologiuri zemoqmedebiT, romel Zalasac erekle IIis politikam SesaZlebloba misca,
rom placdarmi gaeCina amierkavkasiaSi. amitom dRes Secvlil pirobebSi, saWiro xdeba obieqturad
SevxedoT XVIII saukunis saqarTvelos politikur istorias~.
qarTveli xalxis usayvarlesi
mefe-sardlisadmi wayenebul `braldebebidan~ kalendaris Semdgenelgamomcemeli `XVIII saukunis saqarTvelos politikuri istoriidan~
did adgils uTmobs qarTl-kaxeTis
samefoebis erT samefod gaerTianebis erekleseuli naRvaw-nafiqral-naamagaris `Sefasebas~. mkvlevaris mier xsenebuli movlenis
`obieqturad Sexedvis~ Sedegi is
gaxlavT, rom igi erekle mefes
Secdomad uTvlis misi mamis Teimuraz II-is gardacvalebisTanave
qarTlis samefos dakavebas da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis gaerTianebas.
WeSmariti istoriis `Tavdadebuli~ maZiebeli patara kaxs aRiarebs saqarTvelos bagrationTa
taxtis mimtaceblad da qarTlis
taxtis arakanonier mpyrobelad.
Rvawlmosili da amagdari mefisadmi wayenebuli `braldeba~ ZirSive mcdaria, radgan qarTl-kaxeTis
gaerTianebas jer kidev safuZveli
1744 wels Caeyara, roca kaxeTSi
gamefda erekle II, xolo qarTlSi
erekle batoniSvilis mama Teimuraz II. qarTlSi Teimurazis gamefebas mravalma faqtorma Seuwyo
xeli da maTgan erT-erTi is iyo,
rom Teimuraz meore qarTlis mefe
vaxtang VI-is siZe iyo. Teimurazis meuRle Tamar dedofali erTerTi mTavari iniciatori da Tavdadebuli mebrZoli iyo imisaTvis,
rom qarTli da kaxeTi gaerTianebuliyo da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi yofiliyo erTi Zlieri saxelmwifo. `xolo Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, ra uaRresad didi roli
Seasrula anton I-ma qarTl-kaxeTis
gaerTianebis saqmeSi da saerTod,
erekles politikasa da qveynis
marTvaSi, naTlad gamoCndeba, Tu
ra SorsmWvreteluri da brZnuli
iyo es nabiji~ (m. samsonaZe).
qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebisaTvis Tavdadebulad mebrZolni da
dauokeblad mzrunvelni – qarTlis bagrationTa dinastiis brwyinvale warmomadgenlebi: Tamar
dedofali, vaxtang VI-is qaliSvili da Teimuraz ieses Ze (anton
I), `Ze mefisa iesesi~ arian Cveni
eris saamayo mamuliSvilebi, romlebic maSinac da axlac ganasaxiereben progresulad moazrovne
qarTvelobas, romlebic SorsmWvretel da uniWieres politikoss
did erekles 1762 wels qarTlisa
da kaxeTis samefoebis gaerTianebas, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTisa
da baris qarTvelobis erT muStad
Sekvras Secdomad ki ar uTvlian,
aramed erT-erT gonivrul da brZnul nabijad. es sakiTxi Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi
farTod, naTlad, Rrmad da safuZvlianad aris gaSuqebuli da yvela saxelovani mecnieri brZen erekle mefes uwonebs am didad saWiro istoriul gadawyvetilebas.
kalendaris avtori erekle mefes
rasac uwunebs da danaSauladac
ki uTvlis, msgavsi da ufro farTo
masStabiani RonisZiebebi ganaxorciela XVII s-is meore naxevarSi
qarTlis mefem vaxtang V. saqarTvelos gaerTianebis mizniT vaxtang
mefem 14 wlis arCil batoniSvili jer imereTSi gaamefa, xolo
Semdgom kaxeTSi, magram qveynis SigniT reaqcionel TavadaznaurTa aRviraxsnilobam da iran-osmaleTis
aulagmavma winaaRmdegobebma CaSala
es udidesi erovnuli mizandasaxuloba. qarTul istoriografiaSi
vaxtang V-sa da arCil II-is moxseniebuli Tavdauzogavi brZola Sefasebulia progresul da did mamuliSvilur moRvaweobad, ris Sesaxebac kalendarSi avtori arafers ambobs, saTanado popularizacias ar ukeTebs qarTlis bagrationTa aRniSnul brwyinvale Sromasaqmianobas da erekle II-s analogiuri moRvaweobisaTvis uzomo Seuracxyofas ayenebs.
saxelovanma mefe-sardalma qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebiT safuZveli Cauyara saqarTvelos kvlav
gaerTianebas da erTian saxelmwifod Camoayalibebas, rac qarTveli
xalxis sanukvari ocneba iyo dRidan saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebad daSla-daqucmacebulobisa.
TiTqos dadga kidec Jami qarTvelTa didi xnis molodinis aRsrulebisa, roca 1789 wels erekle mefes
dasavleT saqarTvelodan saero da
sasuliero pirTa maRali donis
delegacia estumra da imereT-amereTis gaerTianebis gegma SesTavaza. mefem darbazi moiwvia da sami
dRis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda
azrTa Widili. bolos erekle mefem
sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo uari Tqva
imereT-amireTis gaerTianebaze da
darbazmac Sewyvita muSaoba.
erekle mefem sagangebod dasaja
XVIII s-is 60-ian wlebSi ruseTidan dabrunebuli qarTlis bagrationTa warmomadgenlebi da maTTan
gverdSi mdgomi qarTlis feodaluri aristokratiis zogierTi
reaqcioneli TavadTagani, romlebic
cdilobdnen erekle II-is xelisuflebis damxobas, mefisa da mTeli
misi ojaxis didian-patarianad gawyvetas da qarTlis samefos kvlav
calke samefod gamoyofas. istoriuli kalendaris avtori erekle
mefes SeTqmulTa dasjas did codvad uTvlis da Tavgamodebuli momxrea qarTl-kaxeTis kvlav daSlisa da qarTlis samefos damoukideblad arsebobisa.
mkvlevaris amdagvari damokidebuleba saqarTvelos gamaerTianebeli erekleseuli brwyinvale gadawyvetilebebis mimarT imiT aris
gamowveuli, rom misi Rrma rwmeniT
kaxeTis mmarTveli dinastiis `bagrationTa ganayofad miCneva sakmaod gviandeli gamonagonia~ da aqedan gamomdinare, radgan kaxeTis
samefo dinastia araviTar kavSirSia bagrationTa sagvareulosTan,
erekle mefes valdebulad Tvlis
qarTlis taxti daubrunos bagrationTa qarTlis Stos kanonier
warmomadgenlebs.
erT-erTi mTavari argumenti, rac
mkvlevaris xsenebul pozicias ZirSive abaTilebs aris is, rom kaxeTis samefo dinastia bagrationTa
ganTqmuli sagvareulos yvelaze
Tavankara da wmindaTa-wminda warmomadgenlobaa, vidre qarTlisa da
imereTis bagrationTa romelime
Sto. kaxeTis bagrationebi modian
jer kidev erTiani da ganuyofeli
saqarTvelos mefe giorgi VIII-dan,
romelic kaxeTis samefo dinastias
afuZnebs, rogorc giorgi I. aba,
sxvas vis unda hqonoda yvelaze
didi ufleba da pretenzia saqarTvelos kvlav gaerTianebisaTvis
zrunvisa, Tu ara kaxeTis bagrationebs. sad aris aq ukanonoba da
visimes taxtis mimtacebloba?
kalendaris avtori ruseTisa
da qarT-kaxeTis saxelmwifoebs Soris 1783 wels dadebul, e.w. `mfarvelobiT traqtatsac~ exeba da
aRniSnavs, rom erekle mefem es
xelSekruleba saqarTvelos keTildReobisaTvis ki ar gaaforma
ruseTTan, aramed imisaTvis, rom
mas da mis memkvidreebs qarTlis
taxtis mflobelobis sruli garantia da saimedo javSani hqonodaTo. traqtatis gaformebis wina
periodi marTlac qmnis aseTi gancxadebis uflebas, radgan, rogorc
r. burWulaZe SeniSnavs: `bagrationTa im nawilma, romelmac Tavidan aicila garuseba, saqarTveloSi
CamoaRwia da taxtze Tavisi kanonieri uflebebi ganacxada. aseT
pirobebSi, erekle II-es esaWiroeboda kavSiri ruseTTan ara osmalebisa da iranis winaaRmdeg, romlebic saqarTvelos safrTxes sulac
ar uqmnidnen, aramed esaWiroeboda
mxardaWera taxtis legitimuri
memkvidreebis winaaRmdeg, romelTac
miatoves uperspeqtivo yofna ruseTSi da saqarTveloSi dabrunebas Seecadnen.~ traqtatis dedaazris Taobaze mkvlevari kvlav
agrZelebs msjelobas da zemoTqmuls ufro akonkretebs: `rogorc
Cans, am traqtatis pirobebis SemuSavebis dros misTvis mTavari iyo
ruseTs ecno misi ojaxis uflebebi samefo taxtze, meti araferi~.
mkvlevars Cvenc veTanxmebiT, rom
`traqtatis~ meeqvse muxlSi gamokveTilad aris aRniSnuli qarTlSi
da kaxeTSi erekle mefisa da misi
iseve, rogorc Cveni siwmindeebi, tradiciebi, aseve Cveni qveynis istoriac ar asvenebs mavans da cdilobs aTasi uniWo abdaubda moaxvios Tavs Cvens sazogadoebas.
wina nomrebSi pasuxi gaveciT `qarTlis dedis~,
`vefxistyaosnis~ Seuracxmyoflebs. dRevandel nomerSi ki gvsurs naTeli movfinoT mefe erekle meoris irgvliv qarTul publicistikaSi Seqmnil
wignTagan erTs, istoriis damaxinjebis samarcxvino
mcdelobas.
am sakiTxSi ki Cveni gazeTis megobari, istoriis
mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori valerian
elaniZe dagvexmara, romlis saintereso publikaciasac qvemoT gTavazobT.
diax, erekle meore
Zlieri politikosi
da mxedarmTavari iyo!
memkvidreebis mefobis xelSeuxeblobis Sesaxeb - `uganaTlebulessa
mefesa iraklis TeimurazoviCsa, da
saxlisa misisa memkvidreTa, da menacueleTa, da tomTa, daicavs ucualeblad samefoTa zeda qarTlisa,
da kaxeTisaTa~, magram ra ufleba
gvaqvs `megobrobiTi pirobis~ es
ganacxadi umTavres amocanad vaRiaroT, roca `traqtatis~ 13 muxli
(artikuli) da 4 saidumlo muxli (artikuli) iTvaliswinebs ruseTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifoebis ormxriv valdebulebebs, TiToeul muxls Tavisi datvirTva
da Sinaarsi aqvT da yvela maTgan
gamomdinare umTavresi mainc is
aris, rom qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifo Sedis ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi, xolo ruseTi kisrulobs
qarTl-kaxeTis dacvas gareSe mtrebis Tavdasxmebisagan da sxva mravali. TviTon me-6 muxlSic ki aRniSnulTan erTad, ruseTi kisrulobs
qarTl-kaxeTis dacvas sparseTisa,
osmaleTisa da `sxuaTa mpyrobelTa~ Semosevebisagan.
Tu risTvis gaformda ruseTisa
da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebs Soris
`mfarvelobiTi traqtati~ mravalgzis aris aRniSnuli Cveni saxelovani mecnierebis mier. akad. iv.
javaxiSvili SeniSnavs, rom: `am
xelSekrulebis mizani saqarTvelosTvis imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
ruseTis saxelmwifo saqarTvelos
miwa-wylisa, mezoblebisa da mtrebisagan dacvas kisrulobda. magram
erekle mefes marto amisTvis ar
daudvia es xelSekruleba: mas ufro farTo da SorsmWvreteli mizani hqonda dasaxuli: qarTvelobis
gaerTianebisa da sruliad saqarTvelos aRdgenaze ocnebobda~
kalendaris Semdgenel-gamomcemeli erekle mefes imaSic sdebs
brals, rom Turme sworad ver Seafasa ereklem totlebenis avantiuristuli mizandasaxulobis arsi
saqarTvelos mimarT, ramac mefes
misca imis safuZveli, rom ruseTs
ndoboda, misi mfarvelobis imedi
hqonoda da traqtatic imitom
gaaforma mefis ruseTTano. `erekle
II-is, rogorc politikuri moRvawis Secdoma iqidan momdinareobs,
rom man ver dainaxa kanonzomieri
kavSiri ruseTis saxelmwifo interesebsa da totlebenis moqmedebas Soris da mainc ecada daedo
cnobili 1783 wlis traqtatio~.
gmirma mefe-sardalma im mSfoTvare da cxel dReebSive zustad
da srulyofilad Seafasa generali totlebenis saqmianobis, misi
avantiurizmis ruseTis saxelmwifodan momdinareobis Sesaxeb, ris
gamoc igi maSinve sagangebod alagma,
sakadrisad SeboWa da aiZula qarTl-kaxeTis samefodan saswrafod
wasuliyo. igi dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida, xolo iqidan maleve ruseTis xelisuflebam ukan
gaiwvia da mis nacvlad generali
xuxotini gamoagzavna.
didi xania sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebma,
mama-Svilma, Teimuraz II-em da erekle II-em, XVIII saukunis 40-50-ian
wlebSive did warmatebebs miaRwies
qveynis yvela sferoSi da amierkavkasiaSi TiTqmis uciloblad iTvlebodnen upirveles mefe-sardlebad. ganjis, erevnis da naxWevanis
saxanoebi qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis moxarkeni Seiqmnen da TandaTan
ufro Zlierdeboda orive samefo
da aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo amierkavkasiaSi pirvelobda samxedropolitikuri Tu qveynis aRmSeneblobis TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad
xsenebuli warmatebebisa, Teimuraz
II da erekle II SesaniSnavad erkvevodnen samSoblos SesaZleblobebSi
da dauRalavad zrunavdnen qarTlkaxeTis dakavSirebas erTmorwmune
ruseTTan da evropis qveynebTan.
am mizniT, jer kidev 1752 wels
qarT-kaxeTis mefeebma elCebi gaagzavnes ruseTSi da jariT an fuliT daxmareba iTxoves. imxanad
ruseTma qarTl-kaxeTs veraviTari
daxmareba ver aRmouCina. 1760
wels Teimuraz mefe TviTon wavida ruseTSi, magram amjeradac qarTkaxeTma veranairi daxmareba ver
miiRo ruseTisagan. erekle mefem,
axla ukve qarTl-kaxeTis mefem,
1772-1773 wlebSi ruseTSi gaagzavna sakmaod avtoritetuli elCoba, romelsac Tan axlda Tavisi
amala. xsenebulma elCobam ruseTis
samefo kars warudgina e.w. `saTxovris punqtebi~, romliTac qarTl-kaxeTis samefo iTxovda ruse-
Tis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlas da ruseTisagan iseT daxmarebas, rac
qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifos mudmivad arsebobisa, Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da daubrkoleblad winsvlis
myar garantias Seuqmnida. samagierod, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo mraval
valdebulebas kisrulobda ruseTis sasargeblod. ruseTis xelisuflebam qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
Txovna kvlav uyuradRebod datova
da qveynis elCoba xelmocaruli
dabrunda samSobloSi. dro ki ar
iTmenda da dauyovnebliv moiTxovda saqarTvelos dakavSirebas romelime Zlier saxelmwifosTan. es
yovelive maSin xdeba, roca qarTlkaxeTis saxelmwifo garegnulad
iTvleboda erT-erT Zlier da angariSgasawev saxelmwifod. magram
brZenma erekle mefem, yvelasagan
gansxvavebiT, kargad icoda, rom Tu
Tavis qveyanas saimedo da Tanac
Zlier mokavSires ar mouZebnida,
is veRar gauZlebda daRestanidan
damSeul da gamZvinvarebul lekTa
urdoebis ganuwyvetel TareSs da
spars-osmalTa mier ramdenjerme
wilxvedri `saqarTveloebis~ sruli daufleba-dapatronebisaTvis
dauokebel ltolvas.
aseT urTules viTarebaSi myofma erekle mefem 1781 da 1782 wlebSi gadawyvita kavSiri daemyarebina evropis saxelwifoebTan da maTgan mieRo saWiro daxmareba. erekle mefe evropeli xelmwifeebisagan sesxad Txoulobda fulad
daxmarebas, romliTac igi ramdenime polks evropulad gawvrTnida
da maTi saSualebiT Sinaur da
gareSe mtrebs alagmavda, qveyanas
sazRvrebs gaumagrebda da saxelmwifos Semdgomi winsvlisaTvis
saTanado pirobebs Seuqmnida. erekle mefis aseTi damokidebuleba
evropisadmi im dauokebeli survilis ganxorcielebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili, rac Tavis droze kargad
SeniSna saqarTveloSi myofma rusma
polkovnikma burnaSovma da Tqva
kidec mefis am ganzraxvisa da survilis Sesaxeb: `erekle mefe ise
arafrisaken ar miiswrafoda, rogorc Tavisi xalxis evropulad
gardaqmnisakeno~.
erekle mefis ltolva evropisaken marcxiT damTavrda. vera da
ver moxerxda evropis romelime
saxelmwifosTan dakavSireba. maSin
evropam saqarTvelosTvis ver moicala. aseT viTarebaSi myofi erekle mefis karze stumrobas mouxSires rusma moxeleebma, mogzaurebma, vaWrebma, elCebma da sxvadasxva rangis pirovnebebma, magaliTad,
doqtorma iakob raingesma da sxva.
yvela eseni ruseTis xelisuflebis
mier igzavnebodnen, magram ise gasaidumloebulad da konspiraciulad, rom es yovelive erekles da
mis garemocvas ar unda scodnodaT. ruseTidan Semogzavnilni
`urCevdnen erekles eTxovna ruseTis xelmwifis mfarveloba. aimedebdnen, rom Zlieri mokavSiris
daxmarebiT saqarTvelo yvela siZneles advilad dasZlevda, mSvidobasa
da keTildReobas eweoda~.
ai mkiTxvelo, rogor urTules
viTarebaSi xdeba 1783 wlis traqtatis gaformeba ruseTsa da qarTl-kaxeTs Soris. ismeba kiTxva,
hqonda ki sxva gza da saSualeba
gmir mefes raTa uari eTqva ruseTTan samfarvelo xelSekrulebis
dadebaze da sxva romelime qveyana
gamoenaxa am saqmisaTvis? rogorc
iTqva, evropas maSin Cveni daxmareba arc SeeZlo da saqarTvelos
Rirsebas, mis geopolitikur mniSvnelobas rogorc sinamdvilidan
Cans, is verc afasebda, rogorc
dRes. rCeboda sparseTi da TurqeTi.
maT mier Cveni qveynisadmi saukuneebis manZilze Tavs datexili
uricxvi ubedureba da saqarTvelosaTvis mravalgzis miyenebuli ganukurnebel-mouSuSebeli Wrilobebi samarTlianad zaravda erekle
mefes, mis TanagundelT, saRad moazrovne mamuliSvilTa aTaseulebs
da arc ki ufiqriaT maTTan samSoblos Taobaze raime damaimedebeli
urTierTobis damyarebis Sesaxeb.
sakuTar Zalebs dayrdnobodnen da
aravisTan mfarveloba-mokavSireobaze ar efiqraT. swored es iqneboda Cveni imdroindeli winaprebisaTvis politikuri sibece da Tavisi qveynis likvidacia-damxobamospobisaTvis noyieri niadagis Seqmna. maSindeli qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleoba sul raRac 200-250 aTas
suls Zlivs iTvlida da maTgan
mefes gana ramdeni meomari unda
gamoeyvana, rom saTanadod gamklaveboda Sinaur da gareSe mters da
saimedod daecva qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifoebrioba da misi damoukidebloba. radgan sakuTar Zalebze
dayrdnobiT gamoricxuli iyo qarTl-kaxeTis damoukideblobis SenarCuneba, ra Tqma unda, erekle mefes, mis TanamebrZolebs da qarTveli sazogadoebis mowinave nawils
daugvianeblad, gadaudeblad da radac ar unda dajdomodaT qveynisaTvis mfarveli da saimedo mokavSire unda gamoeZebnaT. aseT saxelmwifod, romelic sparseTTan da
TurqeTTan SedarebiT naklebi borotebis momtani iqneboda, saqarTvelosaTvis rCeboda mxolod ruseTis imperia, radgan mas qarTvelTa
msgavsad marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba hqonda, TurqeT-iranTan
SedarebiT yvela sferoSi sakmaod
ganviTarebuli iyo da gaaCnda evropis mowinave qveynebis kulturasTan miaxlovebuli swavla-ganaTlebis sanimuSo warmatebebi. erekle
mefis mier saqarTvelos bedis ruseTTan dakavSirebis Taobaze msjelobisas Cveni drois gamoCenilma
mweralma lado mrelaSvilma didebulad gaanaliza veeberTela datvirTvis mqone erekleseuli gadawyvetilebebis raobis sakiTxi: `saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis istoriis bolos, is aRmoCnda gzajvaredinze, sadac zRaprul qvasaviT
iyo Casmuli warweriani lodi.
lodi sam gzaze miuTiTebda, aqedan
ori Cveulebriv, ueWvel sikvdils
iuwyeboda, mesame ki friad saWoWmano gaxldaT - aqeT waxval inaneb,
- ar waxval, - mainc inanebo! da
ereklem mesame gza airCia, radgan
igi ara marto ubadlo meomari
iyo, aramed kargi politikosic.
es arCevani umtkivneulod ar momxdara. Tavisi xalxis momavalze
fiqrma bevri uZilo Rame aTevina
da, raki icoda: zRvaSi dasaxrCobad
ganwiruli kaci gvelsac ki stacebs xels, brZnulad daaskvna: boroti kaci, - uborotes kacsa sjobiao~. mwerali xsenebul sakiTxze
msjelobas Semdegi daskvniT amTavrebs: `mas Semdeg, rac Turqulma
iataganma evropisken gasasvleli
Caxerga, ori gzaRa darCa qarTvel
xalxs : an namazis Sesasruleblad,
pirqve damxobils, alahisaTvis dReSi xuTjer eCvenebina cisken aSverili ukanali, an sakuTari RmerTis
win moeyara muxli drodadro.
ereklem ukanaskneli airCia~.
roca erekle mefis pirovnebas
vexebiT da TviTeul CvenTaganSi
did interess iwvevs xolme mis
mier ruseTTan warmoebuli sagareo
politika, samarTlianad gviCndeba
kiTxva, marTali iyo Tu ara mefe
erekle am arCevanSi? xsenebuli
kiTxva misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvidan gamomdinare imdenad mravalwaxnagovania,
rom albaT, vidre saqarTvelo iarsebebs, am sakiTxis irgvliv azrTa
sxvadasxvaoba yovelTvis iqneba.
amasTanave, Tu romelime mkvlevari
Seecdeba damtkicebas, rom erekle
mefem didi Secdoma dauSva ruseTTan 1783 wlis traqtatis dadebiT, manve unda gasces pasuxi im
kiTxvasac, Tu ruseTis nacvlad
iranul-Turquli orientacia ra
`sikeTes~ moutanda saqarTvelos.
kalendaris avtor-Semdgeneli
zedapirul interess iCens erekle
II-is moRvaweobis droindeli urTulesi epoqis srulyofili gaanalizebis TvalsazrisiT da sicocxleSive legendad qceuli mefetitanis moRvaweobis irgvliv sxvadasxva rangis `saxelmZRvanelo~
daskvnebs gvTavazobs. mas ver warmoudgenia sxvagvari Sefaseba mouZebnos erekle mefis mier arCeul
rusul orientacias, Tu ara is
`rom swored misi politikis uSualo Sedegs warmoadgenda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargva~. amave poziciidan mkvlevari sxva braldebasac
uyenebs did winapars da Semdeg
ganacxads akeTebs: `movlenaTa ganviTarebam erekle II-is memkvidreebi miiyvana 1801 wlamde, rodesac
isini ukve Tanaxma iyvnen saqarTvelos samefo mTlianad CaebarebinaT
`rusT xelmwifisaTvis~ da samagierod ruseTis Sida raionebSi
soflebi mieRoT~
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos aneqsia
da qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis
gauqmeba mefis ruseTma rogorc
samefo saxlis wevrTa, ise qarTveli xalxis sawinaaRmdegod ganaxorciela. qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifos gauqmebisa da ruseTTan
misi SeerTebis Sesaxeb pavle Iisa da aleqsandre I-is manifestebi ise momzadda da gamoica kidec,
rom sank-peterburgSi myof qarTlkaxeTis samefos elCebisaTvisac ki
araferi ukiTxavT da arc SeuTanxmebiaT. msgavsad moiqca carizmis
xelisufleba maSinac, roca moulodnelad da elvis siswrafiT
daiwyo qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrTa ruseTSi gadasaxleba.
rogorc akad. n. berZeniSvili SeniSnavs `Tavisi nebiT ruseTs wasvla arcerT samefo saxlis wevrs
ar surda~ da TiToeuli maTgani
yvela Rones mimarTavda, raTa samSobloSi darCeniliyo da rogorme
SeenarCunebina qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba. kalendaris avtor-Semdgeneli ki sruliad sawinaaRmdegod msjelobs da SecdomaSi Seyavs mkiTxveli sazogadoeba, radgan qarTuli istoriografia msgavs
arafers icnobs. Cven gancvifrebulni varT ase upasuxismgeblo
gancxadebisaTvis, radgan ar moiZebneba arc erTi ufliswulTagani, romelic Tanaxma yofiliyo saxelmwifoebriobis nebayoflobiT
gauqmebisa.
kalendaris Semdgenel-gamomcemeli Semdgom iwyebs saxelovani
winapris mxedarmTavruli niWisa
da misi legendaruli brZolebis
Taobaze cinizmiTa da RvarZliT
Sezavebul msjelobas da gulismogebiT, mtris gasaxarad Semdegs kadrulobs: `rac Seexeba erekle IIis gadaxdil `as oms~, es yvelaferi mxolod poeturi gamonagonia.
Tavisi moRvaweobis dasawyisSi is
damarcxda haji-CelebTan, 1795
wels ki aRa-mahmadxanTan. xolo
SuaSi Tu aspinZis brZolaSi gaimarjva, nurc imas daviviwyebT, rom
am brZolas xelmZRvanelobda misi
siZe, ruseTis kavaleriis yofili
oficeri daviT orbeliani. rac
Seexeba im faqts, rom am brZolaSi
erekle II-m orTabrZolaSi mokla
lekTa razmis beladi, es gansakuTrebul Rirsebas ar unda warmoadgendes, radganac XVIII saukunis
aRmosavleTSi kargad iyo cnobili qarTveli meomris Rirsebani~.
saRad moazrovne yvela qarTveli da, albaT, Zalian bevri, saqarTveloSi da Cveni qveynis gareT
mcxovrebi araqarTvelic ki, vinc
sakmarisad icnobs erekle II-is
droindel epoqas da im urTules
viTarebaSi saxelovani mxedarTmTavris muxlCauxrel da Tavdadebul moRvaweobas, aRSfoTdeba da
gakvirvebiT ikiTxavs, Tu vin aris,
es realuri WeSmaritebis usircxvilod uarmyofeli, romelic
samamulo da ucxoel mecnierTa
mier gamoCenil politikur moRvawed da sayovelTaod cnobil mxedarTmTavrad aRiarebul eriskacs,
augad moixseniebs da daumsaxureblad ayenebs Seuracxofas.
gana SeiZleba gmirTa-gmir erekle mefes xmali da marjvena dauwuno, riTac didi winapari sayovelTaod iyo aRiarebuli?
profesori mamia dumbaZe aRniSnavs: `50-iani wlebidan araCveulebrivad gaizarda erekle meoris avtoriteti axlo aRmosavleTsa da
evropaSi. swored am dros daistamba frang komersant peisonelis
wigni, evropa gaecno erekles, rogorc epoqis gamoCenil sardalsa
da saxelmwifo moRvawes. germaneli mwerlis lesingis erTi dramidan Cans, rom germaneli mxedrebi,
romelnic saxelis moxveWaze ocneboben, germaniidan gamoparvas apirebdnen, rom `princ erekles mTavarsardlobiT erTxel mainc gaelaSqraT
Turqebis winaaRmdeg~.
(dasasruli
Semdeg nomerSi)
10 17 oqtomberi - wm. SuSanikis xsenebis dRea
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
adamiani,
sicocxle,
wuTisofeli...
wuTisofeli! ucnaurad uzustesi saxeli adamianis wil-kerZi
sicocxlisa!
`wuTisofeli ra ari? - agorebuli qva ari,
ra wamsac davibadebiT, iqve saflavi mza ari...~@
`Cveni miwieri yofa mgzavrobas
hgavs da, amitomac, visac ar axsovs,
rom igi stumaria wuTisoflisa
da, dRes Tu xval, maradiul cxovrebas unda eziaros, gamousworebel Secdomas uSvebs~ (sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi,
uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II).
`yvelaferi SedegiT izomebao~,
- Tqmula, arc procesia umniSvnelo, miT ufro, rom im procesze
hkidia Sedegis av-kargi.
am codva-madliT savse wuTisofelSi uWirs adamians iyos iseTi,
rogoric dambadebelma Seqmna. maxsendeba erTi sasowarkveTili sulis amoZaxili:
`RmerTo, nuTu, aseTi Caifiqre
adamiani, rodesac qmnidi?!~
vis ar gvsurs viyoT kargebi,
ukeTesebi, saukeTesoebi?!
gviWirs ki, gveZneleba ki!
`ara kac hkla!~ - gvaswavlian
da... Cven mainc vklavT; vklavT
tyvia-wamliT, sityviT, usityvod,
saqmiT, usaqmurobiT...
`giyvardeT, kacno, erTmaneTi~, gviTxres da Cven...
Cven ver mogvixerxebia siyvaruli, erTurTis gatana, guliTadoba,
gulisxmiereba, gulmodgineba...
gamosavali?!
sad aris gamosavali?!..
`re-li-gia~ RmerTTan adamianis
darRveuli kavSiris aRmdgeni `bewvis xidi~ mgonia - vis Cautydeba
da vis miznamde bednierad miiyvans.
Cveni religia siyvarulia, radgan
siyvarulia RmerTi qristianobisa.
siyvaruli ki erTgulebiT cxaddeba, zrunviT cxaddeba, rwmeniT
cxaddeba; rwmeniT imisa, rom ukeTureba aucileblad daiZleva sakuTar sulSi, pirvel-yovlisa, aqtiursikeTeobis madliT.
erT-erTi uZvelesi qarTuli hagiografiuli Txzuleba, iakob curtavelis (xucesis) `wamebai wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisai~ is
ukvdavi klasikaa, romelic yovelTvis, yoveldros, yovelgan `sulispurad~ gauxdeba mkiTxvels.
vaxsenoT RmerTi da mkiTxvelis
Zneli siamovneba vigemoT am uZveles ZeglTan SexvedriT. mTavari
gmiri, SuSaniki, istoriuli piria,
somexTa mxedarTmTavris, vardan mamikonianis asuli da qarTlis pitiaxSis, varsqen arSuSas Zis meuRle.
SuSaniksa da varsqens oTxi Svili hyavdaT, cxovrobdnen daba curtavSi (samxreT-aRmosavleTi qarTli), romelic me-5 saukunis meore naxevarSi erT-erTi Zlieri saqristiano centri gaxldaT.
sparsTa mefis, perozis mefobis
me-8 (467) wels varsqen pitiaxSi
gaemgzavra qalaq ktezifons, `karad
samefod~, sadac uaryo qristianoba, miiRo cecxlTayvanismcemloba,
meore colad SeirTo sparsTa mefis asuli (somxuri versiiT sidedri), Semdeg ki qarTlSi dabrunda.
SuSanikma roca Seityo qmris
Ralati da sarwmunoebis uaryofa,
maSinve saxlidan wavida protestis
niSnad da eklesiis maxloblad
mdebare erT saxlaks Seafara Tavi.
curtavSi mosulma varsqenma gigo Tu ara colis gandgomis ambavi, ganrisxda da SeuTvala sasaxleSi dabrunebuliyo, magram gandgomili dedofali qmris risxvas ar
SeuSinda da uari SemouTvala.
amis gamo, ramdenjerme scema cols
umowyalod, fexSiSveli aTria ZeZvebzec ki. roca misi nebisyofa
ver gatexa, dilegSi daamwyvdia
samudamod.
SuSaniki fizikur tanjvasa da
Seuracxyofas moTminebiT itanda,
Tavs locviT inugeSebda. imis imediT, rom amqveyniuri tanjviT, saiqioSi maradiul netarebas moipovebda. kiTxulobda saxarebas, `mowameTa wignebs~ da galobda fsalmunebs, romelnic zepirad icoda.
mtkice sarwmunoebrivi erTgulebiT mTel qarTlSi gaiTqva saxeli da xalxis TanagrZnobac moipova. eqvsi weli dahyo dilegSi
patimrad da, roca me-7 weli dadga, 475 wlis 17 oqtombers, nagvemnawamebi da xangrZlivi marxulobis gamo ganleuli dedofali gardaicvala.
`ukueTu suliTa cxovel ars
igi, cocxlamca xarT igica da
Senca, ukueTu suliTa momkudar
xarT, mokiTxvai ege Seni Senadve
moiqecin~, - ai, esaa is pirveli
sityvebi, SuSanik dedoflisagan rom
gvesmis nawarmoebidan, - sityvebi
mkacri da Seuvali, uSeRavaTo da
mrisxane. amitomac aRar gvikvirs,
rom `kacman man (varsqenis msaxurma) ver ikadra sityvad misa~.
meored, mkiTxveli dedofals uaRresad SeZrwunebuls vxedavT davardnils `queyanasa zeda~, `cremliTa mwariTa~ mosTqvams varsqenis
sulieri dacemis gamo.
...Semdgom `aRdga da dauteva
taZari Tvisi da, RmrTis moSiSebiT, eklesiad Sevida~, SvilebTan
erTad, sadac loculobs daucadeblad.
da, ai, erTaderTi Strixi, romelic SuSanikis qaluri bunebis
`iwroebas~ (sisaTuTes) gamoxatavs,
- eklesiis maxloblad `saxlaki erTi mcire~ moiZia, Sevida Sig
`simwariTa savse da mieyrdna yuresa
erTsa da mwariTa cremliTa tiroda~.
merme modis ucnauri mwerlu-
mohyavT SuSaniki
tanjuli, gvemuli...
foTolni tirian
oqrosferisani...
nislebs efareba
cai didebuli,
qarma Searxia
rtoi Zewnisai.
mTaTa moixades
gvirgvinni mefurni,
TvalTa sxivi mowyda
elvarebisai...
tirian, moTqvamen
`dedani zepurni~.
tirian yvavilni
cxared velisani...
martvils moacilebs
qari mgloviare,
krZalviT kars uReben
Zalni zecisani...
ros, `viTarca cofi,
bdRuenda pitiaxSi~,
qarma gadaxara
rtoi Zewnisai...
ilocvideT CemTvis! uTxra mtiral xalxsa.
xeni Tavebs xrian
ZaZiT Senamkobni mokvda SuSaniki
TTuesa sTulisasa
da cxovrebas misas
werda iakobi...
ana kalandaZe
`SuSanikis wamebis~
wakiTxvis erTi SesaZlo cda
xdty lf bcbyb
ri talantiT daRdasmuli dialogi SuSanik dedofalsa da iakob
curtavels Soris. Rrma qveteqstebi moqmed pirTa sulis moZraobas
warmogvidgens. dialogis dasasruls, iakob curtaveli Seecdeba
kidev erTxel gauTvaliswinos varsqenis `mware gonebisagan~ mosalodneli saSiSroeba - `gvemasa
da tanjvasa didsa~ SegamTxvevso,
- eubneba dedofals.
es ukanaskneli ki etyvis, - `umjobeis ars Cemda xelTa misTagan
sikvdili, vidre Cemi da misi Sekreba da warwymeda sulisa Cemisa.
rameTu masmies me pavleis mociqulisagan - `ara damonebul ars Zma,
gina dai, aramed ganeyenen!~
`me vTqvi, `egreT ars~, - dasZens
iakob curtaveli.
sainteresoa, rom imave pavle mociqulTan aseT rasmes vkiTxulobT:
`dedakaci, romelsac urwmuno
qmari hyavs da surs masTan cxovreba,
nu datovebs qmars, vinaidan urwmuno qmari morwmune colisagan
ganiwmindeba, sxvanairad Tqveni Svilebia ra wmindani iqnebian~ (1 korinTelTa mimarT, Tavi 12-14).
mxolod am azrs mosdevs SuSanikis mier damowmebuli zemomoxmobili citata:
`magram Tu urwmunos surs gayra,
gaeyaros; aseT viTarebaSi Zma an
da damonebulni ar arian, rameTu
mSvidobisaken mogviwoda RmerTma~
(1 kor., 6-15).
urwmuno varsqens rom ar surs
gayra? ratomRa aqtiurobs SuSaniki?!
amasve gvaswavlis ufali sxvaganac, araerTxel:
`Tu Tqvenis mxriv SesaZlebelia,
yvela adamianTan mSvidobianad iyaviT. Surs nu iZiebT TqvenTvis, sayvarlebo, aramed adgili mieciT
uflis risxvas. vinaidan weria:
Cemia Surisgeba da me mivageb~ambobs ufali.
amitom, Tu Seni mteri mSieria,
daapure; Tu swyuria, daalevine;
rameTu, amis gakeTebiT nakverCxlebs
agroveb mis Tavze. ar dagZlios
borotma, aramed Sen sZlie borots
keTiliT (romaelTa mimarT, T.12,
18-21), `vinaidan RmerTi uwesrigobisa ki ar aris, aramed - mSvidobisa~ (1 korinTelTa mimarT, 15,33).
maS, ratom miatova SuSanikma
qmari da, swored maSin, roca yvelaze
metad sWirdeboda eSmakTagan Zleul varsqens morwmune meuRlisagan sulis kurneba?
ratom mrisxanebs egzom usazRvrod SuSaniki?
`odes yofil ars aqamomde, Tuca mamaTa da dedaTa erTad eWama
puri?~ - `hrqva... wmidaman SuSanik risxviT... da ganyarna xeli
da Wiqa igi pirsa Sealewa da
Rvino igi daiTxia~.
`netar iyvnen mSvidni~, - gvaswavlis ufali.
SuSaniki ar aris mSvidi.
rodesac iakob curtaveli malulad ixilavs nagvem SuSaniks,
`dabZarulsa da gansivebuls~, `aRuteve xma da vtirodio~, - ityvis.
pasuxad SuSanikis mravlismetyveli xma gvesmis - `nu stir
CemTvis, rameTu dasabam sixarulisa iqmna Cemda Rame ese~. amis Semdeg,
xSirad gvetyvis moZRvari Tavisi
sulieri Svilis Sesaxeb, msgavs
tragikul SemTxvevebSi, - `xolo
man ganixara friad da madli misca
RmerTsa...~
xolo maSin, rodesac SuSaniks
auwyes: `Svilni igi Senni miaqcia
mogobaso~, rjuli Seacvlevinao
Sens Svilebs, wamierad isev `uwindeburi~ SuSanikis mxilvelni
vxdebiT:
`iwyo Tayvanis-cemad RmrTisa
mimarT tiriliTa didiTa da Tavsa
Tvissa qve-damarT scemda~, magram
es mxolod wamierad. Semdgom `su-
lTiTqvna da Tqva: gmadlob Sen,
ufalo RmerTo Cemo, rameTu iyvnesve
ara Cemni, aramed Senni mocemulni
iyvnes. viTarca gnebavs, iyavn neba
Seni, ufalo, da me damicev saqmeTagan mtrisaTa~.
SuSaniki dedofali da SuSaniki mowame - ori, arsebiTad, gansxvavebuli movlenaa. ramdenadac ukompromiso da Seuvali, pativs Cveuli da mrisxanea pirvel, imdenad
sulgrZeli da qristianulad moyvasia meore SemTxvevaSi. albaT, amiTac aixsneba radikalurad gansxvavebuli reaqciebi or, faqtobrivad,
erTgvarovan movlenaze - qmrisgan
rjulis Secvlaze, erTi mxriv, da
Svilebis gamazdeanebaze, meore
mxriv. Torem, xom ar SeiZleba pirveli movlena ufro mtkivneulad
ganecada, vidre meore?!
Cveni azriT, aq unda iyos saZiebo iakob curtavelis, rogorc hagiografis mizandasaxuleba - gviCvenos saswaulmoqmedi cxovelmyofeloba qristianobisa (religiisa,
romelsac siyvarulis RvTaebrivi
ZaliT xelewifeba adamianis sulis aRorZineba - asxivosneba, borotis daTrgunva da keTilis aRzeveba ara mxolod makrokosmosSi,
obieqtur realobaSi, aramed yvelgan
da, upirveles yovlisa, adamianis
sulSi), Tuki TviTon adamiani ar
ganudgeba RmerTs da erTguli iqneba misi. es ki Zviri erTgulebaa,
romelic, arcTu iSviaTad, adamianis sicocxles iTxovs msxverplad. ras vizamT, `vardni ueklod
aravis moukrefia~, maradiuli sasufevlis mosapoveblad ki Rirs wuTisoflis, satanis sauflos gawirva.
`xuces, nu mZime giCn ese, rameTu mun igi matli udides ars da
ara mokvdebis... rad mwuxare xar?
vidre ukvdavTa maT matlTa SeWmasa, umjobes iyavn amaT mokvdavTa
SeWma aqave amas cxovrebasa~, - ase
etyvis nagvemi SuSaniki iarebze
daseuli matlis xilviT SeZrwunebul iakobs. ase swams SuSaniks,
ase swams iakob curtavels da siyvarulis uZlevelobis am rwmeniT
cdilobs mkiTxvelic aRvsebasac.
amitom daiwera, albaT, `SuSanikis wameba~ - `Wiri qmnis moTminebas, moTmineba - gamocdilebas, gamocdileba - imeds~ (romaelTa mimarT,
5, 3-4).
personaJebze dakvirveba, aucilebeli procesi nawarmoebis aRqma-gaazrebisaTvis, maTi (am moqmed
pirTa) nawarmoebSi pirveli gamoCenidan iwyeba. mogvwons, an miuRebelia maTi sityva-moqmedebani CvenTvis, mkiTxvelisaTvis da ase, TandaTan ikveTeba Cveni warmodgenebi
maTze. literaturul nawarmoebTa personaJebis warmosaxvaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, im erTaderT sityvier miniSnebebs eZlevaT, romlebiTac warmogvidgens avtori maT,
avtoriseuli daxasiaTebis, personaJTa urTierTdaxasiaTebisa Tu
e.w. avtodaxasiaTebis saxiT.
am TvalsazrisiT, Janris Taviseburebebis gamo, gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme hagiografiaSi. aq mxolod ori feriT
wamoCndeba boroteba da sikeTe SaviTa da TeTriT. am Janris nawarmoebTa personaJebi an mxolod
`kargebi~, an mxolod `cudebi~ SeiZleba iyvnen. `saSualo~ an `gardamavali~ maT Soris ar arsebobs.
am azriT gamorCeulad sainteresoa e.w. `mTavari uaryofiTi personaJi - varsqen pitiaxSi, Zei arSuSaisi~.
`ukeTurebisa mis saxisa qmrisa
misisaisa~ mudam guls tkenda SuSaniks. marad evedreboda RmerTs,
varsqenisaTvis loculobda, `raTamca cvala igi RmerTman saxisa misgan ugunurebisa da iqmnamca gonierebisa qristessa~.
ni nu ganaSorebT~, movaleobebi...
movaleobebi ki uflebebSi arevia
da... `eSmaki Txrida gulsa missa~,
gonebadabnelebuls~...
varsqeni ucnaurad sastikia da
cinikosi: `he, he. ganisuene!~ - etyvis
pasuxad jaWviT daborkil SuSaniks,
roca am ukanasknels mowamis utexi
rwmeniT aRmoxdeba - `me amas mxiarul var, raTa aqa vitanjo da mun
ganvisveno~ (`mun~ - iq, saiqioSi).
morigi wamebidan mesame kviris
Tavs mcvels dedoflisas ekiTxeba:
`aqamomde cocxalRa arsa sawyalobeli igi?~
pasuxi uimedoa da... varsqenis
xma gvesmis isev: `nurarai gglian
(nuraferi gadardebs)! ute, mokudes!~ gana yvelafris miuxedavad,
saocari ar aris varsqenisagan isic,
rom yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg,
`mociqulni miavlina da hrqva `nu neba Cemi yav da moved taZrad!
ukueTu ara moxvide Sina, Cord
wargce Sen!~
roca pasuxad moismina - Cors
Tu gamgzavni, `vin uwyis Tu keTilsa rasme mivemTxvio, Sengan, borotebisagan ganridebulio~, Sefiqrianda, - `nuukue mTavarTagansa visme
ecoloso~ da ganzraxvaze xeli
aiRo.
ra aris es?
boroti survili pitiaxSisa, radac unda daujdes, `ganaridos~
dedofalyofili yovelgvar sikeTes Tu... avadmyofurad mtanjveli
eWvi colis, Tundac colyofi-
siyvarulidan
siyvarulamde
anu
varsqeni ki `samgzis sawyalobelia~ da `ubadruki~, `yovlad ganwiruli~, radgan `yovliT kerZove
Tavi Tvisi qristeisgan ganagdo~.
`ZRvnad Tavisa Tvissa Seswirvidao
mters~, - gveubneba iakob xucesi
masze.
`mware goneba aqvs mas, gvemasa
da tanjvasa didsa Segagdos~ uTvaliswinebs qmrisgan mosalodnel safrTxes iakobi dedofals
da Cvens warmodgenaSi axali Strixi emateba varsqenis xats.
da, ai, ukve Tavad is ecxadeba
Cvens mzeras. movusminoT iakob curtavels:
`viTar aRdga pitiaxSi, gviwoda
Cven, xucesTa da mivediT da sixaruliT SegvimTxvina da gvrqva Cven:
`aw nuras meridebiT me da nucaRa
gZag~.
Seivso sityvieri portreti renegati pitiaxSisa, meryevi da gaorebuli kacisa. WeSmaritad, `eSmaki Txrida gulsa missa~, rogorc
mogvianebiT ityvis masze avtori.
albaT amitomac irCevs satanuri
agresiulobiT `gaRmaT Seedavos~
meuRles, - `Sen Cemi xati daamxe~
(xati - salocavi).
erTSi ki marTalia, - `sagebelsa Cemsa nacari gardaasx da Seni
adgili dagitevebies da sxuad wasrul xaro, - roca momxdars, viTarca faqts daafiqsirebs. merec
araerTxel SeuTvlis daJinebiT:
`aRdeg da moved adgilsa Tvissa
da nu egeviTari goneba gi pyries!~. muqarasac gaurevs:
`ukeTu ara, TreviT mogiTrio~,
`ganiwyo guli da ibrdRvenda misTvis~, `da Semdgomad movida mgeli igi~ da mgluri saqme qmna:
`iwyo ujerosa ginebad varsqen da
ferxiTa TvisiT dasTrgunvida
mas... viTarca mxeci mZvinvare yioda da izaxda, viTarca cofi... da
aginebda varsqen Tesl-tomsa missa
da saxlisa maoxreblad saxelsdebda mas~.
trapezis meore dRes, `viTarca
ciskar oden iyo~, msaxurs hkiTxa:
`wylulebisa misgan viTar ars?~
ra moismina unugeSo: `ver gansarinebel arso", Tavad Sevida nagvemi dedoflis sanaxavad. ra ixila
igi, `daukvirda (e.i. gaukvirda)
didZali simsivne misi~, TiTqos
sxvis naavkacars uyurebda... msaxurs
ubrZana, aravin SeeSva mis sanaxavad da TviT nadirobad warvida~...
... vkiTxulobT am sisxliTa da
tkiviliT gajerebul frazebs da,
uneburad, mefe abesalomi gvaxsendeba `eTerianidan~:
`vis gindaT qali eTeri,
me sanadirod mivalo~...
iqneb, orsav SemTxvevaSi erTgvar
sulis moZraobasTan gvaqvs saqme?
iqneb, nadiroba aforiaqebuli sulisaTvis Tavdaxsnis ganwiruli
mcdelobaa, sakuTari Tavis gadarCenis ganwiruli mcdelobaa, sakuTari Tavisagan gaqcevis uimedo
imedia? Tu... gakerpebuli kacis
gulisgamyinavi cinizmi?
iakob curtavelis, rogorc avtoris did mwerlur Rirsebad
migvaCnia faqtis amgvari ukomentaroba. dae, ifiqros mkiTxvelma is,
rasac guli da goneba ukarnaxebs,
dae, ifiqros!
aseve ukomentarod gveZleva varsqenis momdevno replikebic SuSanikis sadedoflo samos-samkaulis
dabrunebis Sesaxeb.
yvelaze `Zlieri argumenti~,
varsqenis xelT arsebulTagan, dedoflis sawinaaRmdegod rom moixmars, misi meuRleobrivi uflebebia, SuSanikTan urTierTobaSi rom
gaaCnia. amitomac iyenebs ase xSirad
mas: `gamomec coli Cemi! rad ganmaSoreb Cemgan?~ - eubneba afoc episkoposs. icis sulmokle, usamarTlo pitiaxSma Tavisi uflebebi
- `romelni RmerTman SeaerTa, kac-
lis, SesaZlo gaorgulebis gamo?!
yoveli imas imkis, rac dasTesa;
`sulis simSvidis versiT mpovelia~ varsqeni - kaci Ralatiani
da cru, zneobrivad orgemage, gauwonasworebeli zne-xasiaTiT, ampartavnobiTa da gulzviadobiT, dasjili eSmakis gzaze mavals eSmaki
dascems! - amitom aris is `sabralobeli~, - rogorc araerTgzis
moixseniebs SuSaniki, - da `ubado~.
aseTis xvedri ki ganwirulTa
sasjelia, - ase gvaswavlis iakob
curtaveli.
da, ai, `gasrulda ese ambavi~(c)...
Sileri maxsendeba:
`Tu mxatvrul smyarosTan Sexvedram mcired mainc ar gagaukeTesa, dro da energia, mas rom Sealie, dakargulad CaTvale~!
`mcired mainc...~
ragvar `sulispurad~ eqceva
mkiTxvels Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis es ucnaurad sacnauri hagiografiuli Txzuleba, - bavSvobidan rom mogvyveba da did literaturasTan miaxlebis erT-erT bednier SesaZleblobad arsebobs (xom
`SuSanikis wamebiT~ viwyebdiT,
odiTganve, qarTuli literaturis
istoriis Seswavlas?!)...
sulac ar vapirebT problemis
gamartivebas, Tu vityviT, rom yoveli arsiTi siyvarulis sazomiT
izom-iwoneba, yovelgvari pozitiuris sasikeTod mamoZravebeli RerZi
siyvarulze gadis, usiyvarulod
WeSmariti bedniereba ar arsebobs,
- rameTu RmerTi siyvarulia, qristianuli msoflSegrZnebiTa da
msoflxedviT, romlis mTavari `sayrdeni idea~ ase formulirdeba:
`Tu gsurs iyo bednieri, iyavi! nu
Caklav SenSi adamians, nu daukargav
RmerTs Sen Tavs, nu moukvdebi siyvaruls!
mteri?
mteric giyvardes, rameTu dRevandeli mteri Seni, xval, RvTis wyalobiT, moyvasad SeiZleba geqces
(adamianebi xangrZlivi avadmyofobis Semdegac xom janmrTeldebian?!).
cxadia, ar vapirebT siyvarulis
filosofiur Tu religiur-metafizikuri arsis wvdoma-analizs.
amgvari `inteleqtualuri operacia~ sxvagvar subieqtursa da obieqtur pirobebs iTxovs, - Cveni
amJamindeli mizani viwroa da dasazRvruli:
SevecadoT da gavaTvalsaCinovod riT `Tanabroben sivrceebSi~
erTi mxriv, `SuSanikis wamebiT~
gacxadebuli adamianuri yofa da,
meore mxriv, - dRevandeli arseboba Cveni; sad aris cocxali, mfeTqavi nervi `TxuTmetsaukunovani
mTlianobisa~, qarTuli klasikuri
mwerloba rom warmoadgens?
rogoria `sulTa gadaZaxili
saukunovani dro-Jamis manZilze?
adamiani xom Tavisi arsiT (Tavisi sulieri cxovrebiT) maradiuli, Seucvleli `mudmivobaa~ (razec
sagulisxmod mianiSnebs adamianis
sulier faseulobaTa, interesTa
ucvleloba da misiT ganpirobebuli kulturis erTianoba da uwyvetoba).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ arsebobis
mizez-mizanic siyvarulis `SuqCrdilebiT~ dasazRvruli yofnis
tragizmiT ganisazRvreba... siyvaruli ki, arcTu iSviaTad, umkacresi mxilebiT gamoixateba, - daundobeli, uSeRavaTo TviTgvemiT gamoixateba; sisastikis zRvramde misuli zneobrivi ukompromisobiT,
sulieri puritanobiT gamoixateba!
- arc gasakviria, - jer kidev
qristianobamdelma antikurma samyarom icis, rom `varskvlavebisaken
tanjvis gziT midian~ (rusTaveli
gavixsenoT: `maSa, lxinsa vin moimkis pirvel WirTa umuSako?!~, `Tu
lxini gvwadis uflisgan, Wirnica
SeviwynarodeT!~ `borotimca rad
Seeqmna keTilisa Semoqmedsa?!~).
Teozisis gza rTulia da winaaRmdegobrivi, sulis kaTarzisi upirobo netareba arcrodis yofila.
uflis jvarcma-aRdgomis metafizikuri arsi swored aqaa saZiebo.
WeSmariti Rimili cremliani Rimilia (`roca sisxls cremli daepkureba, mxolod maSin ibadeba mSvenieri vardisferi!~ novalisi).
siyvaruli, rogorc gvaswavlian, bednierebis savali gzis siZneles gviiolebs. metic, is erTaderTi gzaa bednierebisaken mimavali, rameTu misiT da mxolod misiT
cxaddeba bednierebis tragikulad
mSvenieri arsi, ramdenadac adamiani RvTiT dasazRvrul uflebamovaleobaTa orerTianobaa `jildosi~ da `sasjelisa~ (imave dros
-`pativsa vxedav da patiJisagan
meSinis~, - ityvian didi qristiani sulebi amgvar SemTxvevaSi).
Cven, - bevris (Tu yvelafris
ara!) miRebis msurvelebi, bevris
gaRebis verSemZleebad gvaqcia yofam da gavTiTokacdiT (`Cemda martoisa arian Wirni ese!~ - Tu daikvnesebda mtkivneuli suli, pasuxic ar ayovnebda, - `Seni Wiri Cveni ars da sixaruli Seni sixaruli Cveni arso!~). siyvarulia sworedac, `me~-s mojadoebul-momakvdinebeli wridan Tavdaxsnis erTaderTi saSualeba! dagvviwyebia, rom
mxolod is aris Cveni, `rasac gavcemT~, `rasac - ara, dakargulia!~
- da... ugamonaklisoa es mcnebac,
viTarca yvela zneobrivi maqsima.
amgvari msxverplad Sewirva yvela
`wmida tarigs~ ZaluZs, - yvelas,
saxed da xatad RvTisad Seqmnil
adamianTagan (Tumca, `kaci ar yvela
sworia, didi Zes kaciT kacadmde~,
da `avsa kargad vervin Secvlis,
Tavsa axlad vervin iSobs~, rameTu `ar gaTeTrdebis yorani, rac
unda xexo qviSiTa!~ - da es yvelaferi, umTavresad subieqturi mizezis gamo).
siyvaruli xom erTgulebis gareSe ar arsebobs?!
`cxovreba arCevaniao~, - gvaswavlian. marTladac, gvaswavlian!
Cveni Tavisufali nebis arCevania orTagan erTi gza: `gza uflisaken~, - mZime jvariT gasavleli
gza da ia-vardiT fenili `gza
arsaiT~, `bWeni jojoxeTisani~
(`roca sofelSi Sexvide, suyvelgan ori gza ari!~, - xmianobs genialuri qarTuli msoflaRqma).
SuSaniki xorcielia, qalia, dedaa,
coli da dedofalia!
vin, Tu ara man, uwyis amqveyniur
siameTa xibli da, amdenad, diaxac
didad uWirs masze uari! advilia
arCevani cudsa da kargs Soris,
uZnelesia kargisa da ukeTesis garCevac da arCevac, miT ufro - umwvavesi `caitnotiT~ gamZafrebuli
sulis eqstremumis dros!
`dgeba wami, roca mTeli sigrZesiganiT acnobiereb, rom Seni ganvlili (iqneb gasavlelic) sicocxle am wamisaTvis mzadeba yofila.
SuSaniks uyvars da... siyvarulma
gadaarCina, misi Rimili kargis
(xorcis) ukeTesisTvis (sulisTvis) gamwiravis cremliani Rimilia. avtoriteti xom pirvelyovlisa, sulac sakuTari Tavis winaSe sWirdeba adamians (raTa SevinarCunoT saukeTeso dReebi Cveni
arsebobisa)?!
varsqens ver uyvars (`or skamze
veravis mouxerxebia erTdroulad
jdoma, rameTu `arc vis xelewifeba
orTa ufalTa moneba!~), Torem, vis
ar surs iyos ukeTesi?!
xorcis sulisaTvis vergamwiravis tragedia, `survilTa keTilobani~, `saqmeTa keTilTa Tvinier~ borot energiad iqceva da angrevs
sulis RvTaebriv taZars adamianSi (ris Sedegadac uflis xatad
Seqmnili arseba eSmas wil-kerZad
iqceva xolme).
`an - an!~ - ZnelTuZnelesi dilemaa, meormosvlis apokalifsur xanaSi myofi xorciT damZimebuli mokvdavis winaSe aRmarTuli!
SuSanikma, RvTiT SeZlo da eboZa
kidevac `jildo!
varsqenma ver SeiZlo da, uRvTobiT, usiyvarulobisaTvis ganwiruli yofa bumerangiviT mibrunebul
sasjelad eqca mis codviT damZimebul suls! Cven?!
`aravis xelewifebis orTa ufalTa moneba!~ - isev `ireks sulSi~
uflis xma, ireklavs adamis Ze RvTaebriv sixarulsa da mwuxarebas...
`ai, me vdgavar Tqvens gulebTan
da gixmobT - gamiReT kari;
me var naTeli, magram Tqven ver
mxedavT;
me var gza, magram Tqven ar momyvebiT;
me var WeSmariteba, magram Tqven
ar gjeraT Cemi;
me var sicocxle, magram Tqven
ar meZebT;
me var moZRvari, Tqven ki ar
mismenT;
me var ufali, magram Tqven ar
memorCilebiT;
me var Tqveni RmerTi, Tqven ki
ar mevedrebiT;
me Tqveni saukeTeso megobari
var, magram Tqven ar giyvarvarT;
da Tu ar xarT bednierni, me
nuRar damadanaSaulebT!~
gvesmis uflis xma! suliwmidis xma gvesmis, - patriarqis bageTagan gacxadebuli:
`Cveni miwieri yofa mgzavrobas
hgavs da amitomac, visac ar axsovs, rom igi stumaria wuTisoflisa da, dRes Tu xval, maradiul
cxovrebas unda eziaros, gamousworebel Secdomas uSvebs~.
nino mgalobliSvili,
filologiur mecnierebaTa
doqtori, profesori
ikiTxeT `mamuli~
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
11
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
madloba Soridan
bevri ram daviwyebas mieca, Cemi quTaisis vard-maisobac nisliT ifareba Cems
mexsierebaSi. erTi ram ki aramc da
aramc maviwydeba. is ki arada, SemiZlia
Tvali davxuWo da ferebSi aRvidgino
is wami, is momenti... skolis klubSi
film `sxvisi Svilebis~ Cvenebisas gverdiT mjdomma ufrosklaselma saCvenebeli TiTi Cemsken rom momarTa da sxvaTa
gasagonad SemekiTxa:
Senc xom gyavs dedinacvali?
mas Semdeg SemZulda eg sityva. mgonia,
rom araTu Cvens cxovrebas, leqsikonis
furclebsac stkiva am sityvis arseboba.
mefisnacvali?! ki, batono!
dedinacvali?! aramc da ara!
mawvnis im erT cicqna Semqmnels Tu
`dedos~ veZaxiT... sxvisi Svilebis gamzrdelma rad `inacvla~?!
Cemi dediko - manana SarabiZea...
es `tituli~ 21 wlis qaliSvilma
mas Semdeg moirgo, rac me da Cemi ori
tyupiscali, wlinaxevriT ufros ZmasTan erTad 1 dRisani davobldiT.
`dedis amags xelisgulze erbo-kvercxis SewviTac ver gadaixdio~ - bavSvobaSi maswavlidnen. maSin arc mifiqria
maswavleblisTvis mekiTxa, sxvisi oblebis gamzrdel dedasTvis Tu riTi SevZlebdi amagis gadaxdas.
mas Semdeg vfiqrob im dausmel SekiTxvaze. pasuxi axlac ara maqvs!
maxsendeba, Tu rogor saTuTad inaxavda deda Cems pirvelklaselobisas
naCuqar, Cemive xeliT daxatul sarvamarto
misalocs (maSin 3 marti jerac ar arsebobda), masTan erTad ki xelsaxocze daweril Cems pionerul fics, rom cxovrebaSi
sigarets aRar gavekarebodi.
vfiqrob, im misalocSi saTuTad gamoyvanili sityvebic Sevasrule, rom mudam meyvareboda, da xelsaxocze dawerili ficic.
Tu dedas uRalateb, mere samSoblos
Ralatic advilia!
iqneb, samSoblos Ralatic dedis Ralatia?! misi damRerebuli iavnanis umaduroba?
am suraTs, am werils rom axlavs, lamazi saxeli aqvs: `erTi iavnana samisaTvis~.
albaT am iavnanebiT, CurCuliT wakiTxuli
zRaprebiT xdeboda Cveni damynoba - moyvasis, Cveni lamazi qalaqis, samSoblos siyvarulTan, rom Semdeg iseTi nayofiT gvexara, rom amagi dagvebrunebina.
ara xelisgulze `yiyliyos~ SewviT,
aramed mamulis samsaxurSi dgomiT!
Cveni, tyupebis saxelebis sawyisi asoebis erToblioba Cveni mSobeli dedis saxels kravs: man-uCari, an-zori, a-vTandili!
- manana!
da Sens saxelsac...
maSin, roca am saxelebs gvarqmevdnen,
RmerTis nebiT, uneblied, Cvens saxelebSi
Caido is kodi, rom madliereba Sendamic
gamogvexata, zustad ise, Tanabrad, rogorc
mSobeli dedisadmi.
da samTave Zmas sakuTar saxelebTan erTad Seni saxelic gvetarebina!
24 wlis dagvianebiT mSobeli dedi-
de-da!
sadmi miZRvnil werilSi Sens mosaxeles,
Cvens mSobel dedas isic vTxove, rom Tuki
odesme SenTan Sexvedris bedniereba ergeba,
xelebi dagikocnos, gulSi Cagikras da
dad migiRos, - im didi gmirobisaTvis, didi qalobisaTvis, rasac sami saSinlad anci biWunas aRzrda hqvia.
reJisori Temur CxeiZe dedas, medea Caxavas yovelTvis ase mimarTavda Tu moix-
seniebda: `qalbatono deda!~
am or sityvaSi, erTi SexedviT aristokratiul mimarTvaSi, me erTnairad
vkiTxulob - siyvaruls, krZalvas, mowiwebas da fexiswverebze siarulis siCumec mesmis.
naxevarsaukunovan iubiles gilocav,
qalbatono deda!
de-da!
manuCar kaWaxiZe
dedav - sicocxlis dido sawyiso,
dedav - cxovrebis burjo magaro,
es guli Seni guliT xalisobs,
Seni TvalebiT vxedav samyaros.
Cems akvans ferad Rilkilebians
Sen damRerodi „nanas“, „mze Sinas“,
ramdeni Rame ar gZinebia,
rom CemTvis Zili geswavlebina.
Sen Cemi xeli xelSi geWira,
am mSordebodi wuTiT, saaTiT,
rom siaruli geswavlebina
Senc dadiodi CemTan taatiT.
me Seni wminda Suqi mefina,
Sensken movrbodi xelebgaSlili,
rom laparaki geswavlebina,
Senc titinebdi CemTan balRiviT.
dedav, viyaviT TiTqos tolebi,
TiTqos fiqrebi gvqonda saerTo,
Senc Cems gakveTils imeorebdi,
rom CemSi codnis Suqi agenTo.
Turme ramdenjer avad gavmxdarvar,
ramdenjer senma xeli damria,
dedav, imdenjer bRuja WaRara,
TmebSi WaRara Semogparvia.
roca macnobdi warsuls dardians,
Sens xmaSi krToda sevda faruli,
Sen Semayvare, dedav, namdvilad
Cemi qveyana, Cemi mamuli.
Sen damiloce qveynad kacoba,
Tavze namusis qudi damxure,
sul Sen gekuTvnis Tu ram madloba
da siyvaruli davimsaxure.
ioseb noneSvili
qarTveli gamocdili advokatis TanaSemwe -Paralegal
sikeTiTa da siTboTi aRsavse qalbatons, mudam megobris gverdiT mdgoms,
Cvens elniri gegeSiZes vulocavT dabadebis dRes, ixare da ibedniere
Sens sayvarel ojaxTan erTad, male dabrunebas gisurvebT mSvidobian da
ayvavebul saqarTveloSi.
gTavazobT saemigracio momsaxurebas
mogemsaxurebiT saxlidan gausvlelad 7 dRis ganmavlobaSi
niu iorkis, pensilvaniisa da niu jersis maStabiT. aseve SesaZlebelia
fostis, kompiuteris saSualebiT an ofisSi stumrobiT (samxr. niu-jersSi)
qorwinebaze dafuZnebuli GREEN CARDisTvis saWiro sabuTebis momzadeba;
qorwinebaze dafuZnebuli 2-wliani pirobiTi GREEN CARD-is 10-wlianiT Secvla ganqorwinebamde an ganqorwinebis Semdeg;
moqalaqeobis misaRebad saWiro sabuTebis momzadeba;
momaval an kanoniT registrirebul meuRleTaTvis vizebis misaRebad saWiro sabuTebis
momzadeba (K-1; K-3);
moqalaqeobis an GREEN CARD-is mflo-
belTaTvis saqarTvelodan ojaxis wevrebis Camosayvanad saWiro sabuTebis momzadeba;
savizo dokumentaciebi;
daxmareba turistul B1-B2 da studentur F1-F2 vizebis miRebasa da gagrZelebaSi;
statusis Secvla studenturi vizis F-1
formidan an piriqiT; F-1 vizis aRdgena;
J-1 gacvliTi programis vizis moTxovnebis dakmayofileba;
TanamSromloba EESL-is kursebTan, kolejebTan da institutebTan.
nino xarabaZe, nargiza bibiCaZe,
maia sulaqveliZe, qeTi mandaria, manuCar kaWaxiZe
* * *
Zvirfass qalbatons, lili cqifuriSvils vulocavT dabadebis
dRes, vusurvebT janmrTelobas, sixaruls, gamZleobas, vaJebis kargad yofnas,
ojaxTan gaerTianebas.
nino xarabaZe, manuCar kaWaxiZe, Tamaz xarabaZe
(848)
448-9290
esaladze@yahoo.com
* * *
usayvarles qalbatons, restoran `Tbilisis~ Tbil diasaxliss, Cvens
xaTuna baRaTurias vulocavT dabadebis dRes.
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sanapiroze. pirveli sarTuli (sacxovrebeli me-3). komunikaciebi Seyvanilia.
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SesaZlebelia ganvadeba! fasi 55.000$ telefoni: (895) 56-75-69 irakli
`gelanis~
tradiciuli
qarTuli
rTveli
samZimari
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cira cqifuriSvili, marina gelaSvili, nana beraZe TanagrZnobas ucxadeben nargiza bibiCaZes udides mwuxarebaSi mamamTilis
oTar bibiCaZis
gardacvalebis gamo.
MAMULI
P.O. Box 13121,
Jersey City, NJ 07303
oTar bibiCaZis
gardacvalebis gamo.
Tamaz xarabaZe, manuCar kaWaxiZe, leri asaTiani ojaxebiT TanaugrZnoben mxatvarsa da quTaisis kolorits, oTar qandarias udidess mwuxarebaSi, dis,
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gadarCenisaTvis
manuCar kaWaxiZe, nino xarabaZe, iamze
goguaZe, dali xoferia, nana qaTamaZe,
cico surmava TanaugrZnoben nargiza
bibiCaZes mwuxarebaSi mamamTilis
s
Georgia-USA Travel
maia ninoSvilis saagento
survili maqvs `mamulis~
arsebobisaTvis gaviRo __$
(Tqveni saxeli da gvari)
(saxlis nomeri da quCa, Apt N)
(qalaqi,
Stati,
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saRamos: 718-621-6846
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Discount plus - YOUR STORE!
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Corner of Neptune ave
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`gvanca~
917-470-4277
satelefono
baraTebi
fasdaklebiT
12
reklama “mamulSi”
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
politikuri TavSesafari
ukve SesaZlebelia
*
mfhsdtkt,bcfsdbc=
+
rCevebi
TqvenTvis
mudmivi rezidentobis
ucnobi alternativa
andriu jonsoni
ANDREW P. JOHNSON, ESQ.
(yofili saxelmwifo advokati, romelic axla emigrantTa
uflebebs icavs aSS-s mTavrobis winaaRmdeg bolo 10 weli)
1-212-693-3355
- ufaso konsultacia;
- advokatis asistenti
yazaxeTidan, romelic
saubrobs rusulad;
- Cven warvmarTavT Tqvens
emigraciul saqmes,
deportacias, Asylum-is
gasaCivrebas da ojaxur
peticiebs
Zalian xSirad emigrantebi an uaxlesi emigrantebi
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi ganixilaven sxvadasxva
gzebs Tu rogor Camoiyvanon sakuTari axlobeli
Tanamemamuleebi aSS-Si. samwuxarod, zogierTi ganixilavs StatebSi moxvedris aralegalur gzebsac.
miuxedavad amisa, arsebobs alternativa (romelic
xSirad yuradRebis miRma rCeba), rodesac pirovneba
SeiZleba Semovides SeerTebul StatebSi, rogorc
mudmivi rezidenti samsaxureobrivi kuTxiT. zogierTi fiqrobs, rom es SesaZlebloba mxolod im
adamianebisaTvisaa, vinc ukve imyofeba aSS-Si, Tumca
patara an did kompanias SeuZlia daasponsoros piri, romelic imyofeba SeerTebuli Statebis farglebs
gareT da igi ukve mwvane baraTiT Semova qveyanaSi.
mcire zomis (erTi an ori TanamSromeli), saSualo an did kompanias SeuZlia daasponsoros erTi
an ramodenime pirovneba qveynis farglebs gareT mudmiv rezidentobaze. magaliTisaTvis, mcire samSeneblo
kompanias SeuZlia daasponsoros aSS-s gareT myofi
pirovnebisaTvis mudmivi rezidentoba, Tu am pirovnebas
aqvs orwliani gamocdileba iseT saqmianobaSi, rogoricaa durgloba, avejis awyoba da a.S. pirovnebas
ar Wirdeba Sesabamisi ganaTleba, mxolod ori weli
samuSao gamocdileba sakmarisia.
sxva magaliTebi samsaxurisa da Sesabamisi gamocdilebis Tanxvedris aris: silamazis saloni da dalaqi,
restorani da Sef-mzareuli, instalaciaze momuSave kompania xeze momuSave specialistisaTvis an marmarilos dammontaJeblisaTvis. aRniSnuli magaliTebi
exeba orwliani gamocdilebis moTxovnis poziciebs.
aris aseve sxvadasxva SesaZleblobebi biznes-menejerebisaTvis sxvadasxva ti pis mcire kompaniebSi
da uamravi profesiuli kompaniebi, romelTac SeuZliaT daasponsoron xalxi SeerTebul Statebs gareT.
samuSaos SesaZleblobebi uamravia.
amJamad, aRniSnuli procesi grZeldeba sami-oTxi
weliwadi. miuxedavad amisa aSS-s emigraciiT procesis
xangrZlivoba SeiZleba Semcirdes, metadre axali
administraciis xelisuflebaSi yofnis pirobebSi.
damatebiT aris kidev garkveuli sareklamo moTxovnebi,
romlebic gasavlelia aq aSS-Si da es statia mokle
mimoxilvaa am ofciis.
procesis saukeTesod daxasiaTeba SeiZleba Semdegi
magaliTiT: vTqvaT amerikuli samSeneblo kompaniis
mflobeli aris amerikaSi mcxovrebi pirovneba. mflobeli modis Cvens kompaniaSi da ambobs, rom sWirdeba ori pirovneba sakuTar kompaniaSi dasasaqmeblad.
mas Wirdeba durgali da ar akmayofilebs arcerTi
durglis kvalifikacia sakuTar regionSi. Tu man
icis vinme saqarTveloSi durgali orwliani Sesabamisi gamocdilebiT, mas ukve SeuZlia daiwyos dasponsorebis procesi. Tu dokumentaciasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebi sworad da uSecdomod warimarTa da dakmayofilda aSS-s da dsT-s Sesabamisi moTxovnebi, maSin daaxloebiT sam weliwadSi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi pirovneba Semova aSS-Si mudmivi
rezidentis baraTiT da SeeZleba moiTxovos aSS-s
moqalaqeoba oTxi wlisa da cxra Tvis Semdgom. Tu
kompania sakmarisad didia, SeuZlia gaakeTos multidasponsoreba adamianTa jgufisaTvis.
cota ar iyos Rimilismomgvrelia, rodesac aSSSi myofi adamianebi ixdian 20, 40 aTass dolars,
raTa maTma axloblebma aralegalurad SemoaRwion
SeerTebul StatebSi. es maSin, rodesac sxvadasxva
garemoebebis arsebobisas arsebobs legaluri da
gacilebiT iafi gza rom Camoiyvano pirovneba SeerTebul StatebSi, rogorc mudmivi rezidenti.
individis dasaqmebis kuTxiT dasponsoreba emigraciis xelmisawvdomi saSualeba iyo bolo 30 wlis
ganmavlobaSi. gasakviria, rom bevri mcire kompania
ar iyenebs am SesaZleblobas, romelsac maT emigraciis kanoni sTavazobT.
*
ruseTis federaciis samxedro Zalebis saqarTveloSi SemoWrisa da saqarTvelos suverenitetis xelyofis Semdeg saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs uCndebaT samarTliani sababi da TavSesafris
moTxovnis ufleba SeerTebul StatebSi, ganpirobebuli im safrTxeebTan, rac samSobloSi dabrunebulebs emuqrebaT!
asaval
dasavalis
gfhnybjhj,bs
HTLFMNJH-UFVJVWTVTKB
VFYEXFH RFZF[B't
EDITOR & PUBLISHER
MANUCHAR KATCHAKHIDZE
MAMULI
P.O. Box 13121,
Jersey City, NJ 07303
www.mamuli.com
editor@mamuli.com
Tell: 347-724-0770
saqarTveloSi `mamuls~ warmoadgens
sagamomcemlo saxli `asaval-dasavali~
KFIF YFLFHTBIDBKBC
patronaJiT
redaqciaSi kompiuteruli sistemis
cvlilebebis gamo gazeTis oqtombris
nomers gamocema daagviandeba.
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
agremc valmoxdil najafar
beber qeds venacvalebi,
sul naRvliani rada gaqvs
jiRa, sacera Tvalebi!
warmarTma gxate kldeebze,
aTas misnuri qaragmiT
da xari RmerTad giwame,
gwire da gwire zvaraki.
Sen gTxovda kacis Senaxvas
ufali RmerTi ieso
da Senac erColebodi
SimSils da siRaribeso.
urmuliT, guTnisdeduriT
suls levdnen mama-papani
da maTTan erTad Senc swie
qarTlis cxovrebis Wapani.
aSene cixe-qalaqi,
aage bevri saydari,
rom qarTvels abjargauxdels
mteri hyoloda wamxdari.
sisxls Rvridnen guTnisdedebi,
ofls Rvridnen mecixovneni,
guTnis tari da xmlis tari
saWea qarTlis cxovrebis.
cxadSi xom myavdi megobrad,
SemSvelebixar zRaparSic,
oflSi da papanebaSi
erTad varT gamonaxarSi.
fexze macmevdi qalamans,
yanws momawvdidi nadimSi,
dagklavdiT didzamTrobisas,
maZRrad gvyoloda badiSi.
Zeoba iyo - glexkaci
isev Sen gdebda imedebs,
Rreoba iyo - vaime,
isev Sen gamogimeteT.
qorwili iyo... vaime,
mtkioda guli saRadre,
wamogaqcieT najafi
da yeli gamogaRadreT.
cxedaric mipatiosne
aRap-qelexis wesebiT,
davjeq da Cems marCenalze
tiriliT vwere leqsebi.
gvimravldes saqarTveloSi
miwis da mzis moxarkeda
xariviT msmeli vaJkaci xarisTvala da xarqeda.
netavi, RmerTo, mec momca
jani da mada xarisa,
sityva-xariviT gamwevi
mamulis gasaxarisad.
viyo xariviT amtani,
viyo xariviT momTmeni,
Cemi patara qveynisTvis
mec SevZlo xarisodeni.
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
qarTuli gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
*
*
seqtemberi, 2009 N54
Cven qarTvelni varT, maSasadame qristianni, arab-Turq-selCuk-sparsTa gansacdels gadarCenilni. axla didi sixarulis droa, im
gansacdels rom unda mohyves.
Cveni samSoblos istoriaSi iyo iseTi periodebi, rodesac sakuTari xeliT vangrevdiT
an sawyobebad viyenebdiT taZrebs, umowyalo
SevuracxyofdiT siwmindeebs, uralis manqaniT
vangrevdiT eklesiis karibWeebs.
diax, Cvenda sabednierod istorias isic axsovs, rom kldis wverze, miudgom Tu Tvaluwvdenel alagas vmarTavdiT cxrajvars; samSoblodan Sors, wminda miwaze vagebdiT jvris
monasters; sakuTari beWiT Camohqonda uzarmazari lodi TviT mefe aRmaSenebelsac, rom mere mSeneblebisaTvis ar daenebebina da sakuTari xeliTve CaebeWda CuqurTmaTa simaRleebSi;
mklavs vWridiT didostat arsukiZes, albaT
imitom, rom Cven ufro lamazi gvindoda sveticxoveli, ufro moxatuli da `moqneuli gavaziviTa~. eriskacebi monastris unaxavad ixiblebodnen raRac zebunebrivi ZaliT, rom Semdeg
furcelze es striqonebi gadmoetanaT:
`maqvs mkerds midebuli,
qnari, rogorc minda,
CemTvis didebuli
sxivi gamobrwyinda.
mkvidrad aaSena,
vinac aaSena
da ciT daamSvena
didi nikorwminda~.
xedavT?...
gesmiT?...
ciT daamSvenao, ise lamaziao, ca da miwa ki
ar daamSvenao taZriT, aramed taZari daamSvenao ciT.
amas xom Tqma undoda.
Cveni ca ise mSvidia, ise laJvardi, misi mze
uzomod Tbilia, rom vumRerT kidec: `mze Sina
da mze gareTa, mze Sin Semodio~.
gifiqriaT, rom mze gareT CvenTvis gamovida, albaT imisaTvis, rom qarTuli mziT aqac
gavmTbariyaviT.
Cven bedma Tu ubedobam wamogviyvana okeanis gamoRma da Tan wamoviReT usazRvro siyvaruli RvTisa da mamulisa; niWi, uflis mier
boZebuli niWi, Semoqmedebisa, rogorc dasturi didostat qarTvelobisa.
es niWi iwyeba da mTavrdeba RvTis siyvaruliT.
amerikaSi, RvTis siyvaruli qarTvelTaTvis
yvelaze metad niu-iorkis wmida ninos saxelobis eklesiaSi sufevs. es eklesia deda-eklesiis ganuyofeli nawilia. qarTulma diasporam
didi rudunebiT moitana dRemde es samlocvelo. igi gagrZelebaa diadi qarTuli madlisa,
romelic davanebulia sveticxovelSi, gelaTSi, varZiaSi, beTaniaSi... da ukve samebaSic.
* asaval-dasavalis gfhnybjhj,bs
didi survili gvaqvs, Cveni
gazeTis momaval nomerSi, carielad
datovebul am CarCoSi ukve SeZenili
eklesiis suraTi SemogTavazoT
!
SesaZlebelia, bevri Cvengani daubrundes samSoblos pirnaTeli, bevrTaTvis kidev ar iyos
SesaZlebeli Sin dabruneba, an droTa ganmavlobaSi survilic gaqres amisa,
Tumca sisxli,
sisxli,
mainc Tavisas izams:
davxatavT,
gavaferadebT,
avaSenebT,
gavalamazebT...
qarTul suls STavberavT,
SemovinaxavT,
Taobebs gadavcemT.
Tu qarTvels davukargavT samSoblos, qristians mainc SemovunaxavT saqristianos.
modiT, wamiT, mxolod wamiT davxuWoT Tvalebi, erTi Zma keJeraZe rom ityoda `momavalSi gadavardeT~ da warmovidginoT:
niu-iorki, Taims skveri, uzarmazari tabloebiT, sxivTa Tu ferTa TvalismomWreli gamiT
da sul ramodenime kilometrSi qarTuli taZari, romelic yvelaze lamazi zamTarSi iqneba - daTovlili. da Tu xelTaTman-kaSneTi damalulni eklesiis gzas gavuyvebiT da gzaSi
zarebis gugunic Semogvesmeba, ucabedad gavTbebiT, TiTqos mSobel dedas Tbil gulSi Caukrixar gaToSili.
gavTbeT!
SeviZinoT qarTuli taZari amerikaSi.
wm. ninos saxelobis qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia yidulobs axal
saeklesio Senobas niu iorkSi. am procesis srulyofilad dasasruleblad damatebiT saWiro Seiqna 50 aTasi dolari.
gTxovT dagvexmaroT Tqveni SesaZleblebobis farglebSi. SegiZliaT Tanxa pirdapir gadmoricxoT qvemoT mocemuli
bankis angariSze:
Chase Bank,
Routing # 021000021,
Account # 907225332065
an gamoagzavnoT Ceki an mani orderi
safosto misamarTze:
St. Nino Georgian Orthodox Church,
P.O. Box 351160, Brooklyn, NY 11235
2
Sefasebis cda
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
da mainc, kuluarebSi bWobdnen
da vrceldeboda ambebi ilias mkvlelebis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebis farTo fenebisaTvis Tavzardamcemi
iyo is ambavi, rom Turme ilia mefis mier mosyidul oxrankas ki
ara, social-demokratebs mouklavT
da gansakuTrebuli udierebiT ixseniebdnen noe Jordanias, fili pe
maxaraZesa da sergo orjonikiZes.
bevri SemTxveva iyo, rodesac saguramoSi eqskursiebze misuli stumrebi muzeumis TanamSromlebs Cumad
ekiTxebodnen marTali iyo Tu ara,
ilias mkvlelobas rom bolSevikebs abralebeno. TanamSromlebi ki
miixed-moixedavdnen, aravin mogvisminoso da darwmundebodnen ra TanamosaubreTa sandoobaSi, amxeldnen
simarTles, zogi ki uxerxul SekiTxvebsac svamdnen – marTla amtvrevda ilia glexebs kokebs Tavze
da wyals marTla ar aZlevda Tavisi wyarodano?! mRimareni arafers
etyodnen stumrebs, naxeT wyaro
ilias ezoSi da mere visaubroT
mag sakiTxebzeo. ra Tqma unda, wyaros ver poulobdnen. mere abezari momkiTxavi ityoda, ilia rom
kargi kaci yofiliyo, ar CaesiZeboda saguramos mamulSi da yvarels upatronebdao.
erTi SemTxvevac iyo aseTi: quTaisSi, mesxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo TeatrSi gaimarTa poet murman lebaniZis literaturuli saRamo. TavisTavad wakiTxul iqna
poetis leqsebi, Sesrulda mis leqsebze Seqmnili simRerebi, sityvebSi xotba Seasxes poets da usurvebdnen samomavlo warmatebebs sazogadoebriv da pirad cxovrebaSi.
rogorc miRebuli iyo, darbazidan
kiTxvebs usvamdnen stumars. darbazSi mikrofoni idga da misTvis
saintereso SekiTxvebs mikrofonidan usvamdnen, zogic ki werilobiT,
anonimurad ekiTxebodnen da murman
lebaniZec pasuxobda. erT-erTma ucnobma werili miswera mas. rogorc
wesi, werilebs sagangebo cenzuris
gareSe pirdapir amorCevis gareSe
kiTxulobda. is werilic aseve
pirdapir waikiTxa. waikiTxa da
uxerxuloba igrZno, miixed-moixeda irgvliv, feri ecvala. pasuxi ki aucileblad unda gaeca. werilis mokle Sinaarsi aseTi iyo:
` - ras ityviT, batono murman,
ilia WavWavaZis pirovnebis aRiarebisa da devnis Sesaxeb, ratom ikrZaleboda ilia WavWavaZe da rogor moxda misi didebiT Semosva?~.
uxerxuloba rom ganemuxta, poetma diplomatiuri lavirebiT ostaturad Tqva yvelaferi: `meo, - upasuxa man, - ar msmenia ilias Tu
devnida da aviwroebda vinme, arc
is gamigonia Tu ikrZaleboda ilia
odesmeo. TumcaRa, - dasZina man da
srulad daakmayofila im ucnobis
cnobismoyvareoba, - Tqven, vinc es
werili daswereT, saqmis kursSi
xarT Camdgari da bevri ram iciTo.
gTxovT, Tu saSualeba geqnebaT am
saRamos Semdeg visaubroT am sakiTxebzeo~. isaubres Tu ara murman
lebaniZem da im ucnobma am sakiTxebze, ucnobi darCa.
ilias 150 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil iubilemde ramdenime wliT
adre oficiozma didi zar-zeimiT
aRniSna georgievskis traqtatis
200 wlisTavi, daidga Zeglebi moskovsa da TbilisSi, kinostudia
`qarTulma filmma~ ruseT-saqarTvelos `Zmobas~ miuZRvna mravalseriani istoriuli Janris mxatvruli filmi `wigni ficisa~ (reJisori giga lorTqifaniZe). aqac
kuluarebSi daiwyo miTqma-moTqma,
rom yvelaferi es, rogorc warmoaCina qarTvelma komunistma mliqvnelebma, simarTles ar Seefereba.
am dros erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba daqsasuli iyo, radgan am moZraobis yvela moTave da
sulisCamdgmeli an dapatimrebulgasaxlebul-gadasaxlebuli, an kidev sakuTar naWuWSi iyo Camaluli. Cumad da uCumrad mainc axerxebdnen xalxisTvis simarTle miewodebinaT. im periods ganekuTvneba sakmaod gaxmaurebuli TviTmfrinavis gamtaceblebis incidenti da
Jurnalist nazi Samanauris mkvleloba jalaT fsiqiatrebis (avli p
zurabiSvilis meTaurobiT) mier.
sazogadoebis cnobierebaSi jer
kidev ar iyo miviwyebuli sul
axlaxan soxumSi, Tbilissa da quTaisSi saprotesto afeTqebebis Sedegad sikvdilmisjili vladimer
Jvanias saxeli. gaurkvevel viTarebaSi Tavs iklavs politpatimar
merab kostavas vaJi irakli kostava,
romelzec suki axdenda fsiqologiur zewolas da sasowarkveTilebamde misuli axalgazrda ymawvili sabediswero nabijs dgams. amiT
sabWoTa kavSiris gulborotma mesveurebma moiwadines merab kostavas
moralurad gatexva. magram gangeba sxva bedisweras uqadda jalaTebsac da msxverplsac.
ilias iubilis Semdeg saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivani jumber
patiaSvili sxvadasxva dawesebulebebSi, organizaciebSi, samecniero
da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, mweralTa kavSirSi da sxvagan marTavs
diskusiebs. es diskusiebi Ria eTeriT gadaicema, j. patiaSvilis oratorobiT moxibluli iyo xalxi,
radgan miCveuliyvnen dune da brtyel-brtyel frazebs, Sua moxsenebebSi rom CaeZineboda adamians.EerTis sityviT, gamoCnda politikuri lideri da avtoriteti,
iqiT mixeil gorbaCovi ar gvawyens
Tavs da isic aSkarad yurebadi
pirovnebaa. TumcaRa bolo Jams
gorbaCovis triukebi mosawyeni gaxda qarTuli masisTvis, ai, patiaSvilis avtoriteti ki dRiTidRe
izrdeboda. amasobaSi gadasaxle-
bidan dabrunda merab kostava, erTian muStad Seikrnen zviad gamsaxurdia, giorgi Wanturia, irakli baTiaSvili, irakli wereTeli (ZiriTadi
birTvi qarTveli disidentebisa).
1988 wels iqmneba naxevradpolitikuri organizacia (mTavrobis
davalebiTa da rekomendaciiT) SoTa
rusTavelis saxelobis sazogadoeba. wesdebis ganxilvisas sakmaod
mwvave debatebi gaimarTa, magram
wiTelma profesuram gaimarjva da
Tavisken gadaxara sazogadoebis marTvisa da kontrolis aRvirebi. sazogadoebis Tavmjdomared arCeul
iqna poeti-akademikosi irakli abaSiZe. magram umokles droSi isev
Seikriba rusTavelis sazogadoebis sadamfuZneblo kreba da am sazogadoebis radikalurma frTam
Tavisi gaitana – miiRes maTTvis
xelsayreli programa, sadac rusTavelis sazogadoeba cxaddeboda politikur organizaciad da mas CamoSorda kulturul-saganmanaTleblo da samecniero sferoSi
xelSewyobis funqcia. sazogadoebis Tavmjdomareobidan gadayenebul
iqna irakli abaSiZe da mis nacvlad
arCeul iqna akaki baqraZe. ukve
rusTavelis sazogadoebis saxiT
komunisturma partiam miiRo legaluri opoziciuri dawesebuleba
(ase vTqvaT partia).
qveyanaSi gamqrali iyo SiSis
sindromi, magram arsebobda 70-iani
wlebis refleqsi, anu `vai Tu raRac
gauTvaliswinebeli ram moxdes~.
ukve sazogadoebaSi Riad Cndebian
disidentebi, isini Tbilisis universitetSi xSiri stumrebi iyvnen.
gazeTi `komunisti~ regularulad
beWdavs menSevikuri saqarTvelos
istoriul ambebis Sesaxeb, gazeT
`literaturul saqarTveloSi~
gverdebi eTmoba 1937 wels represirebulTa Semoqmedebas. sazogadoebrivi ukmayofileba yvelafris mimarT aSkaraa, iwyeba ekonomikuri
krizisi, rac saSualebas iZleva
mosaxleobis mRelvarebis dasawyebad. erTia, rom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis moTxovna naadrevia
da eri mzad araa am moTxovnis
mosasmenadac ki, radgan warmoudgenlad miaCnia mas aseTi ram da bolomde verc garkveula mis mniSvnelobaSi, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT politikur da samarTlebriv Sefasebaze.
1988 wlidan imarTeba politikuri gamosvlebi – manifestaciebi da demonstraciebi (arasapirvelmaiso da arasaSvidnoembro). ruseTSi donbasis SaxtebSic gaficvebiao,
acxadebda oficialuri sainformacio saSualebebi. CvenTvis, mosaxleobisaTvis ki gaficvebi kinofilmebSi Tu gvenaxa da wignebSi Tu amogvekiTxa, romelic carizmis dros
ewyoboda da am miting-manifestaciebis darbevisas bevri komunisti
Seewira.
zogi ambobda, Cvens droSic Tu
aseTi ram moxdeboda, namdvilad
ar megonao. Tvali da yuri nelnela gaeCvia Tbilisis quCebSi megafonebiTa da `ucnauri~ droSebiT TavSeyrili adamianebis msvlelobas. zogi gaubedavad mihyveboda trotuarze Sori-axlos ra
xdebao, vinZlo Tu daarbies, me
arafers metyvian, `maRaziaSi mivdiodio”, vetyvi, is Rame TeTrad rom
gautarebia, - `ar momakiTxono~...
ar moukiTxavT.
mere kidev, kidev da erT dRes
im `Cirgebidan~ TviTonac SeuerTda
samsaxurSi wasuli manifestacias.
xom aravin miyurebso, fiqrobda,
Tavi ar momeWraso.
Tavi ar moWria.
piriqiT, erT dRes, samsaxurSi
rom yvelaze aqtiurad aqiqebda
momitingeebs da araformalebs (ase
eZaxdnen maSin opozicias) TviTon
mowinaveTa rigSi yofila. mere
ukve es refleqsic gaqra.
ase moewyo samgloviaro msvleloba Tbilisis quCebSi 1988 wlis
25 Tebervals saqarTvelos gasabWoebasTan dakavSirebiT. aseve manifestaciebiT da mitingebiT aRiniSna saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
dRe – 26 maisi. isev da isev qarTuli erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraoba sazogadoebis farTo masebSi ayenebs sakiTxs zakvos poligonis gadatanis Sesaxeb daviT-garejis samonastro kompleqsidan,
raTa mZime teqnika pirvelyovlisa
azianebda freskebs, Semdeg ki Cndeboda bzarebi TviT monastrebis kedlebze. disidentTa erTi nawili
mTavrobidan moiTxovda azerbaijanis ss respublikasTan gadaesinja
sasazRvro zoli, raTa daviT-garejis samonastro kompleqsis mTeli
teritoria moqceuliyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvrebis farglebSi. amisaTvis imave wlis noemberSi TbilisSi mTavrobis sasaxlis win gaimarTa grandiozuli
manifestacia, mjdomare aqcia da
SimSiloba gamoacxada gaficulTa
ramdenime kacianma jgufma. mdgomareoba TandaTanobiT iZabeboda. mosalodneli iyo ferganas tragediis ganmeoreba TbilisSic. saqarTvelos bedi ki wydeboda saqarTvelos
farglebs gareT. dRiTi-dRe saSiSroeba matulobda. ufrosi Taoba
1956 wlis 9 martis movlenebsac
ixsenebda, Tu rogor daarbia rusulma armiam TbilisSi mSvidobiani momitingeebi. SiSobdnen arc
Tu usafuZvlod. SiSobda samRvdeloebac. eklesiebSi imarTeboda
samSvidobo paraklisebi, televiziiT gadmoicemoda inteligenciis
mimarTvebi momitingeTa mimarT, raTa
daSliliyvnen. mitingi, marTalia,
daiSala 30 noembers, magram yvela
grZnobda, rom ase mSvidobianad yvelaferi aRar dasruldeboda, radgan jini boTlidan amoSvebuli
iyo da igi Tavisi nebiT ukan aRar
Cabrundeboda da asec moxda.
qveyana idga revoluciis zRvarze,
rasac ekonomikuri krizisi daemata.
12. pirveli qarTuli
diadi revulucia 1989 wlis 9 aprili
bevrs arafers vityvi 9 aprilis
msvlelobis Sesaxeb, radgan masze
bevri ram aris dawerili da cnobi-
(sabWoeTis sivrceSi mimdinare Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis
eiforiis Sesabamisad) qmnian TavianT regionebSi separatistul organizaciebs, romelsac aSkarad da
daufaravad afinansebs da lobirebs
ruseTis specsamsaxurebi. es ukanasknelebi cdiloben erTiani sa-
`movlenas~, sadac 16 kaci daiRupa,
rom uwodo revolucia, rbilad
rom vTqvaT, cota Tamam gancxadebad SeiZleba CagiTvalon, iqamde
dResac es tendencia grZeldeba 9
aprilis mimarT. am movlenis Sesafaseblad cxel kvalze Seiqmna mravali samTavrobo da arasamTavro-
fortuna da fiasko
li. aq erTi ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli: 9 aprili ar aris ganxiluli erTian movlenaTa sistemaSi.
Tavisi msvlelobiT, eris fsiqikis formirebis mxriv, cxra aprilma revoluciuri gadatrialeba moaxdina - erT RameSi Seicvala eris
mentaliteti!
revoluciam ar icis xelisuflebis erTbaSad Camogdeba, samagierod man icis cnobierebis erTbaSad moSla, arsebuli wyobilebis
momentaluri ngreva SegnebaSi, undobloba da nihilizmi arsebuli
realobis mimarT. revoluciis pirvelma dReebma ar icis masiuri
sisxlisRvra, - sisxls Semdeg, azartSi Sesuli egzaltirebuli brbo
Rvris. ase moxda parizis didi
revoluciis Jams 9 aprilamde zustad 200 wliT adre: bastiliis
aRebisas TiTo orola kaci daiRupa, mefe isev mefobda, igi revolucionerTa marionetad gadaiqca. sisxlisRvra Tu moxda, Semdeg moxda
da ra mosatania 1789 wlis 14 ivliss SemTxveviT daRupulebi. tyve-mefem damfuZnebelTa krebis mier
miRebul konstituciasac ki moawera xeli. revolucia azartSi Sedioda da `sakuTar SvilebTan~ erTad
`sxvis Svilebsac~ Wamda. ludoviko XVI-is (moqalaqe kapetis) giliotinirebis, manamde ki konventis
dekretiT samefo xelisuflebis
gauqmebis da pirveli respublikis
Seqmnis Semdeg yalibdeba iakobinelTa diqtatura. amis Semdeg revolucia gadadis Tavisi arsebobis
agresiul formebze. analogiuri
modelia ruseTis 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Jams. imperatori nikiloz II gadadga. ruseTs
marTavs droebiTi mTavroba. marTalia, am SemTxvevaSi ruseTis imperatori pirdapir tyveqmnili iqna
revolucionerTa mier, saxelmwifos marTvaSi, bunebrivia, mas ar
revdnen. arsebuli xelisufleba
revoluciuri eiforiiT aris aRtkinebuli da xelisuflebiT tkboba
akargvinebs realobis gansjis
unars. revoluciis dros aucilebelia damxobili xelisuflebis
nacvali iyos uunaro saxelmwifos
marTvaSi, an uuflebo. amiT sargeblobs revoluciis agresiuli frTa da eufleba xelisuflebas. ruseTis SemTxvevaSi es 1917 wlis
7-8 noembers moxda, Tu safrangeTSi iakobinelTa diqtaturaa, ruseTSi - bolSevikTa proletariatis
diqtaturaa. safrangeTSi Tu ludoviko XVI da misi meuRle maria
antuaneta dasajes sikvdiliT, ruseTSi nikoloz II mTeli ojaxiT
amowyvites. sisxlisRvra aqac Tavdapirvelad Tu ara, Semdeg da Semdeg
rom daiRvara, ise undoda. yvela
revoluciis msvleloba am modeliT warimarTa. yvela Taviseburad iyenebda revoluciur monapovarTa siuxves, yvela Taviseburad
xsnida revoluciis aucileblobas
da msvlelobaTa utyuarobas, erTi
ki ucvleli darCa:
1) ukmayofileba arsebuli weswyobilebis mimarT (swored ukmayofileba qmnis imas, rom `zedafenebs aRar SeuZliaT Zveleburad
marTva, xolo qvedafenebs aRar
surT Zveleburad cxovreba~);
2) arsebuli xelisuflebis liberaluri buneba, romelic ganapirobebs aTasgvar avantiuristTa
cxovrebis zedapirze amotivtivebas
(yvelaferi ki saboloo jamSi erT
feTqebad wertilSi iyris Tavs);
3) mentalitetis momentalurad
Secvla, xolo yofierebisa ki etapobrivi; xelisuflebis daqveiTeba
da arsebuli mdgomareobis TviTdinebaze miSveba, rac revoluciur
Zalas xels Seuwyobs Tavisi miznebis SesrulebaSi;
4) arsebuli wes-wyobilebis cvlileba ZiriT-Ziramde, revoluciis
gadazrda kontrrevoluciaSi;
5) revoluciis agresiuli formebis gamovlineba omebisa da sisxlisRvris CaTvliT, gamarTleba im
Tezisisa, rom revolucia sxva revoluciis kalkirebuli asli ar
aris (amiT revolucia Tavis individualur bunebas avlens);
7) revoluciis mimarT sagangebo da erTaderTi msxverplSewirva
mistiuri ritualis doneze (karlos I, ludovik XVI, nikoloz II
da misT); revolucia TavisTavad
usamarTlobis didi demonstrirebaa. msxverplSewirva revoluciisadmi unda iTvlebodes saSvilTaSvilo codvad, ragind pirsisxliani
tiranis mokvdineba ar unda moxdes.
Tu davakvirdebiT saqarTvelos
movlenaTa msvlelobas, 1989 wlis
9 aprilidan daiwyo didi qarTuli erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
revolucia. konfliqti mxareebs
Soris iyo rogorc yvelgan Sromasa da kapitals Soris, - es yvelaze nakleb; kerZod da sazogado
sakuTrebas Soris, - es ufro metad;
saxelmwifo monopoliisa da proletariats Soris, - es kidev ufro
metad, suverenitetsa da kolonializms Soris, - es umTavresi.
da mainc, saqarTveloSi revolucia daiwyo separatizmisa da suverenitetis ideologiur niadagze.
xelovnurad da sagangebod Seqmnili saqarTvelos avtonomiebi
da. magram rogorc erT, aseve meore mosazrebas Taviseburi ganmarteba gaaCnda - kongresis momxreebs
ar surdaT sabWour struqturaSi
gawevrianebuliyvnen da isini undoblobas ucxadebdnen yvelas, vinc
moisurvebda aseT struqturasTan
TanamSromlobas. isini iTxovdnen
axali damoukidebeli arCevnebis
Catarebas, raTa dakompleqtebuliyo
kongresi. xolo uzenaesi sabWos
arCevnebis momxreebi fiqrobdnen,
rom amiT maT miecemodaT saSualeba, gansxvavebiT aralegitimuri
kongresisa, saxelmwifoebriv struqturebSi Sesvlisa da iqedan TavianTi ideebis ganxorcielebisa. gamoricxuli ar iyo (da realobaSi asec moxda), opozicias gaemarjva arCevnebSi. amiT isini mTeli
saxelmwifos saTaveSi moeqceodnen
saparlamento arCevnebis gziT da
isini gaxdebodnen kanonmemkvidre
aqamde arsebuli saxelmwifosi da
am gziT qveyanaSi ar Seiqmneboda
konstituciuri vakuumi.
zviadi da misi momxreebi ufro
saxelmwifoebriv doneze azrovnebdnen am SemTxvevaSi, vidre gia Wanturias momxreebi. zviadis nabijis
marTebulobam ufro meti bzari
gaaCina erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel
moZraobaSi, vidre iyo aqamde, da
ruseTis mokavSireebad afxaz da
os separatistebs daematnen qarTveli kolaboracionistebic.
revolucia ki amasobaSi frTebs
Slida. zviadis mier gamarTul yovel mitings geometriuli progresiiT (saqarTvelos mosaxleobis raodenobasTan SefardebiT) emateboda
da emateboda gulSematkivrebi.
ase iyo, Tu ise, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi gaCenilma bzarma Tavi iCina, rac umTavresad misi aSkara da gardauvali
damarcxebiT dasrulda, araTu revoluciis, aramed keTilSobili
ideis. revoluciis Sesaxeb bevrs
aRar gavagrZeleb, radgan es saubris sxva Temaa. axla ki gadavideT uSualod marcxis mizezebze.
13. xelmwifeba
xelmwifoebrioba moSalon mcire
erebSi. es gegma Tavis droze SeimuSaves jer lavrenti beriam, xolo
masSi agresiuli niuansebiT `gaamdidra~ iuri andropovma. amitom
ruseTi aranair poziciebs ar Tmobda damoukideblobis gzaze Semdgari mokavSire respublikebis mimarT.
andropovis gegmis gorbaCoviseuli
ganxorcielebis sawyis etapzeve
TviT ruseTma iwvnia Tavissave teritoriaze separatizmisa da e.w.
cxeli wertilebis gemo, es iyo
fergana Tu volgispireTi da sxva
da sxva. maTTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis sakiTxi iyo mokavSireTa
Zieba mowinaaRmdegeTa banakSi, anu,
rogorc ityvian, `mexuTe kolonis~ Seqmna daiwyes mokavSire respublikebSi. Tu am respublikebis araformaluri (disidenturi) moZraobebi Riad da aSkarad upirispirdebodnen kremls, am qveynebSi unda
gamoZebniliyo Zala (da ara komunisturi partia), romelic daupirispirdeboda TviT am erovnulganmaTavisuflebel moZraobebs. sabWoTa specsamsaxurebi maqsimalurad flobdnen informaciebs yvela
disidentis Sesaxeb da zogadi suraTi respublikebSi arsebul movlenaTa da SesaZlo mosaxden movlenaTa Sesaxeb maTTvis cnobili
iyo. amdenad eris erTianobis gaxleCis saukeTeso da nacadi saSualeba iyo gaeRvivebinaT eTnikuri
separatizmi yvelgan, romelic marTuli da dafinansebuli iqneboda
maT mier. ase moxda dnestrispireTSi, mTian yarabaRSi, e.w. samxreT
oseTSi, afxazeTSi da sxvagan.
saxeldobr saqarTveloSi revoluciuri talRis azvirTebis inspiratori mainc afxazi separatistebi iyvnen. sakmarisi iyo lixnSi
Catarebuli kreba, rom TbilisSi
azvirTda saprotesto aqcia, romelic gadaizarda revoluciaSi. saqarTveloSi da saerTod yofil
sabWoTa kavSirSi aravis surda
(an arc fiqrobdnen) eRiarebinaT
9 aprili qarTuli revoluciis
dasawyisad - arc qarTvelebs, arc
rusebs. orTave mxare maqsimalurad
erideboda 9 aprilisaTvis es statusi mieniWebina. rusi moixseniebda rogorc `9 aprilis movlenas~, qarTveli ki `9 aprilis tragedias~. sabWoTa kavSirgamovlili
moqalaqeebisTvis revolucia ase
Tu ise asocirdeboda leninur
saxelmwifo gadatrialebasTan, mTel
msoflioSi axali civilizaciis
dawyebis dRed rom hqondaT Seracxuli es dRe, uklebliv yvelas mtersac da moyvaresac. xolo revolucia Tu SeiZleboda momxdariyo Cvens TvalsawierSi, romlis
Sesaxebac mTeli rigi mecnierebebia Seqmnili (marqsizm-leninizmis,
dialeqtikuri materializmis, politikuri ekonomiis da sxvaTa
saxiT), amdeni gaxmaurebuli fundamenturi naSromebia Seqmnili marqsis, engelsis, leninis, plexanovis
da sxva marqsizmis klasikosebadwodebulebis mier, amdeni filmia
gadaRebuli, amdeni wignia dawerili da a.S., am dros 9 aprilis
bo komisiebi, romlebic `yovelmxriv~ swavlobdnen mas, magram, bunebrivia, misi saboloo Sefaseba
ar iqneboda srulmomcvelobiTi,
radgan 9 aprili, rogorc aseTi,
rogorc movlena da fenomeni, ganagrZobda cxovel moqmedebas da igi
iyo yvelasaTvis mtkivneuli da
gadauWreli sakiTxi.
revoluciis pirvel Rames 16 kaci
daiRupa. revoluciisTvis es umniSvnelo cifria. ase rom ar yofiliyo, aucileblad gacilebiT meti
msxverpliT dasruldeboda is dRe.
iqmneba erovnuli xsnis mTavari
komiteti, romlis SemadgenlobaSi
Sedian yofili disidentebi (amJamad ukve araformalebi), erTmaneTze miyolebiT iqmneba erovnul niadagze mdgari partiebi, erTi xani
apatimreben cxra aprilis aqciis
organizatorebs, magram sazogadoebis daJinebuli moTxovniT maT
maleve aTavisufleben.
maratisa ar iyos, iRupeba merab
kostava revoluciis wifobamde,
masTan erTad zurab WavWavaZe. ucnauri analogia maratisa da kostavas sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT –
orTave SemTxvevaSi revoluciis
Savi bedisweris rols qali asrulebs revuluciis gmirTa Tavze.
da aseT SemTxvevaSi maratica da
kostavac imitom unda gasuliyvnen
`TamaSidan~, rom maT ar SesZlebodaT revoluciuri kalapotis Secvla, romliTac Seuqcevadi procesi
gauTvaliswinebel procesad gardaisaxeboda, ris gakontrolebasac
veRar SeZlebda veravin. da amis
realuri Zala rogorc marats, aseve kostavas gaaCndaT xalxSi damkvidrebuli avtoritetis wyalobiT. maratica da kostavac revoluciis bedisweram swored amitom
SearCia, xolo Tu ratom – qali, albaT amisi pasuxi saukeTesod
moeZebneba eJen belakruas.
momdevno wels (anu 1990 wels)
politikuri wreebi ikribebian erTian qarTul forumze da msjeloben xelisuflebaSi mosvlaze. revoluciam Tavisi gantotva gaakeTa am SemTxvevaSi imiT, rom isedac
erTmaneTis mimarT almacerad momzirali yofili TanamebrZolebi
erTmaneTs daupirispirdnen da forumi datova zviadma da misma momxre partiebma, forumSi ki darCnen
gia Wanturia, irakli wereTeli
da sxv.
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraobis erTi frTa miznad isaxavda xelisuflebaSi mosvlas kongresis arCevnebis gziT da arsebul
uzenaes sabWos CamorTmeoda sakanonmdeblo uflebebi, xolo meore
frTa aseve arCevnebis gziT gegmavda xelisuflebaSi mosvlas, magram
ara kongresSi, aramed TviT uzenaes sabWoSi. es urTierTsapirispiro mosazrebebi TiTqos Tavisi saboloo SedegiT erTmaneTisgan arc
gansxvavdebodnen, mxolod saxelwodebaSi Tu iyo sxvadasxvaoba, e.i
saqarTvelos umaRles warmomadgenlobiT organos uzenaesi sabWo
erqmeoda Tu kongresi, amas viTomdac aranairi mniSvneloba ar hqon-
saboloo jamSi xelisuflebis
saTaveSi movida zviad gamsaxurdia.
arada, yvela partia Cqarobda saxelmwifos saTaveSi moxvedras, Secdomebi bevri iqna daSvebuli, yvelaze
naklebad vinc dauSva Secdoma, imas
ergo qveynis mmarTveloba. nebismier
SemTxvevaSi vinc ar unda damjdariyo xelisuflebis savarZelSi,
maTi pirveli nabijebi iqneboda
qveynis damoukideblobis deklaraciis miReba, raTa pirveloba rgebodaT wilad. swored rom pirvelobis
ambiciam daamarcxa saboloo jamSi
zviadic, albaT yvela sxvac aseve
damarcxdeboda. sxvaoba is iqneboda, rom msxverpli am marcxSi ramdenad meti, Tu naklebi iqneboda.
zviads hqonda xelmwifeba pirvelyovlisa xalxisgan, RmerTma akurTxa misi xelmwifeba da igi ver gaxda xelmwife. is iyo beladi Tavisi eris, ermac Sesabamisad auba
mxari. zviadi zneobrivi magaliTi
iyo erisTvis Tavisi RirsebebiTa
da sisusteebiT. eri uapelaciod
miendo mas, xuTmilionianma gonierebam Tavi moiyara zviadSi. igi
ar eloda ase usityvo morCilebas.
eri faqtiurad ar icnobda mas.
erma icoda erTi da misTvis aucilebeli ram, raTa ndobis mandati
uyoymanod gadaeca misTvis - zviadi iyo konstantine gamsaxurdias
Svili. es sakmarisi argumenti iyo
maSindeli qarTuli masiuri azrovnebisa, raTa TavianTi bed-iRbali
da momavali isev da isev erTi kacis xelSi aRmoCeniliyo.
`erT kacso~, - vambob da vgulisxmob maSindeli sazogadoebis da
jerac bolomde veraRmofxvril
stereoti ps - igia ufrosi, me
var misi qveSevrdomi, e.i. morCili.
is ityvis, me vasruleb, radgan is
marTalia imitom, rom is ufrosia.
imas aRar fiqrobdnen - `da ufrosia imitom, rom me es ase minda~.
Tavi da Tavi mainc eris `ego~ iyo,
raTa mis `egos~ epovna `alterego~. swored rom `alter-egos~
ase-rigad warmoCinebas ar elodnen.
eri mainc miCveuli iyo komunistur funqcionerTa cxvirabzuebul
d mentorul, ufro mbrZaneblur
ti paJebs. zviadSi aseTi ufrosi
ver aRmoaCines, igi swored rom
eris `alter-ego~ iyo, magram amiTac ki daTvuri samsaxuri gauwies mas. ityoda zviadi, keTdeboda
ise. aravis ufiqria is, rom zviadi kerpi da mesia ki ara, aramed
Cveulebrivi adamiani iyo, romelsac
SeeZlo da uflebac hqonda daeSva Secdomebi. man saxelmwifo struqtura erTi kacis Targze moWra. swored amaSi dauSva man yvelaze didi da gamousworebeli Secdoma, danaSaulis toli Secdoma,
radgan misi damarcxeba niSnavda
saxelmwifo struqturis, saboloo
jamSi ki saxelmwifos damarcxebas.
amis gamo hqonda mas xelmwifeba
da ver gaxda xelmwife. prezidentis irgvliv rom trialebda kanoni da konstitucia, mas imitom gaaCnda xelmwifeba, rom gaenadgurebina eris Sinauri mtrebi, Semogzavnilebi da gadamTielebi. upirveles yovlisa zviadi da misi xelisufleba gaekida xmaurian da
skandalur politikur gadawyvetilebebs, mas, rac xalxs undoda da
gaarTobda 70-wliani mowyenilobis
Semdeg da zviadi aseT `dakveTebs~
pirnaTlad asrulebda, radgan ver
gaTvala politikuri Sedegebi, romlebic damRupvelad Semotrialda
misTvisac, misi xelisuflebisTvisac da xalxisTvisac.
m. beJaniSvili
(dasawyisi `mamuli~ N51-53,
dasasruli - Semdeg nomerSi)
anarekli
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
3
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
reportaJi
`somxuri qobuleTidan~
iyideba saqarTvelo,
saqarTvelo iyideba, iyideba, niko batono,
rac xmamaRla gatirebda, sajiSe-sagvartomo...
iyideba? ra gakadre?!
gaiyida, dido mamuliSvilo,
yvelaferi, yvelaferi, siTac unda gaixedo,
da xeli gaiSviro...
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fici mwams...
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
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aki
qarTuliao,
batono
prezidento?
kidev erTi axali sastumro
gaixsna da Seemata Tbiliss.
`redisoni~ namdvilad qarTuli sawarmoa, - Tqva mixeil saakaSvilma sastumros gaxsnisas
(Turme `redisoni~ imitom yofila sawarmo, Tanac, rogorc, prezidentma Tqva, saeqsporto sawarmo,
rom aq Camosul-dabinavebuli ucxoelebi amisTvis fuls gadaixdian. saeqsporto yofila Cveni
gzebic, romlebze gadaadgilebisTvisac ucxoelebi fuls gadaixdian. ras izam, rogorc giWirdes,
ise giRirdeso, naTqvamia. hoda,
raki ucxoeTSi gasatani (samrewvelo produqcias vgulisxmob)
sxva bevri araferi gvaqvs da eqsport-importis saldo CvenTvis
katastrofulad uaryofiTia, aseTi `eqsportiTRa~ Tu moviwonmovityuebT Tavs!).
Tumca axla amaze msjeloba
sulac ar aris Cemi mizani da
minda baton mixeil saakaSvils
vkiTxo: ufalo prezidento, rogorRaa `redisoni~ qarTuli sawarmo, Tu mis fasadze erTi qarTuli sityvac ar WaWanebs, Tundac
inglisuri SriftiT awyobili.
ratom gaubedes amis gakeTeba
qarTvelebs `redisonis” Sinaurgareulma investorebma Tu mepatroneebma.
mogexsenebaT, gaveranebuli sastumro `Tbilisic~ SeiZines da
mSvenivrad aRadgines ucxoelebma,
magram misTvis arc garegnuli
ieri daukargavT da, rac mTavaria, arc saxeli - aRdgenil sastumros `Tbilisi merioti~ hqvia.
arc `metexi~ mousvria axal
ucxoel mepatrones metexis xididan mtkvarSi - sastumros `Seraton metexi palasi~ daerqva.
aq ki ra xdeba. ratom gabedes
viRac-viRaceebma `iveriis~ `gadaylapva~. imitom xom ara, rom aravinaa maTTvis pasuxis momTxovni.
ra gamodis. vardebis revoluciamdeli `uvargisi~ mTavrobaxelisufleba amJamindelze bevrad proqarTuli da qarTuljigriani yofila.
Tu imis bralia yvelaferi,
rom, raki yovelive kargi, Tanac
pirvelad saqarTveloSi, rogorc
amis xazgasmiT aRniSvna uyvarT
`vardosnebs~ Cvens qveyanaSi `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg daiwyo,
ra saWiroa, adamisdroindeli
`iveria~.
erTi ramec minda vTqva Cemi
kolegebis, `rusTavi-2~-is JurnalistTa sayuradRebod: gamudmebiT xazgasmiT rom aRniSnavndnen, laparakiTac da titrebif[fk vbofpt8 sevwf7 fhct,j,c dthcbf7
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Tac, sastumro `redison sas iveria~ gaixsnao, ratom ar dainteresdnen, rad ar aweria ase am
Senobaso.
Tumca es rom gaekeTebinaT, maSin isini xom, erTi kargi qarTuli komediisa ar iyos, revoluciamdeli `gonebaClungi~ bavSvebi
iqnebodnen da ara iseTi fxizelcqvitebi, romlebsac, vTqvaT, prezidentisken gasrolili fexsacmlis danaxvisas myisierad SeuZliaT kameris gamorTva an, minimum, eTerSi gaSvebamde arasasurveli kadris amoWra.
amitomac SevarCie am replikis
rubrikad erTi frTiani fraza,
romlis mixedviTac Cven, dRevandeli qarTvelebis umetesobas, xelisuflebis Tu maTi mxardamWeri samive `rusTavi-2~-is arc
fici gvwams da arc bolo gvakvirvebs.
Cven, dRevandeli qarTvelobis
umetesoba, ai, riT vgavarT mosaWrelad gamiznul-ganwirul xes:
xom gaxsovT, rogor amoikvnesa
im sawyalma, - Cems mosaWrelad
gamzadebuli culi ras damaklebda, Cemive merqnidan gamoTlili
tari rom ar hqondeso...
ase varT Cvenc: yovelive qarTulis fexebzekidia Sinauri Tu
gareuli ras dagvaklebda, Cvenive jilagis ujigro ufrosoba
rom ar gvyavdes!
Tumca, jer erTi, ase iolad
verc veravin `mogWvris~, da, meorec, xisgan gansxvavebiT adamians
Tavadac SeuZlia gadaadgileba
da sxvaTa ga-da-adgilebac!
mTavari saTqmeli ki ai, ra
aris: iveria gabrwyindebao, xSirad
rom gviyvars Tqma, swored is
`iveria~ gaabrwyineT, batonebo, gadakeTebuli yofili sastumro
`iveriis~ Senobaze, Tanac `redisonis~ Tavze, radgan kanoniT, Tu
saxelwodebis aRmniSvneli sityvebi Senobaze vertikaluradaa
aRbeWdili, zeviT qarTuli warwera unda iyos, qveviT ki ucxouri, xolo Tu horizontalurad,
maSin marcxniv qarTuli, xolo
marjvniv - ucxouri.
asea es, batonebo! ufro sworad, ase unda iyos am axalgaxsnil `saeqsporto sawarmoSic~!
ruslan rusia
p.s. yvelaze metad ram gamamwara, iciT. mavan aramzadebs Turme
ki scodniaT, rom aucilebelia
sityva `iveriis~ xseneba da igi
wauweriaT kidec (oRond inglisurad)... `redisonis~ kazinos
skamebis sazurgeze.
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puri mepurem...
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
7
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
qveynad aris wignebi, romlebic araTu gamocemisTanave,
aramed CanasaxSive ganwirulni arian dasaRupad. aseTi wignebiT avsebulia biblioTekebisa Tu wignis maRaziaTa Taroebi. SeiZleba ise gaataro
cxovreba arxeinad, rom maTi
arseboba-ararseboba arc ki
icode. aris agreTve iseTi
saintereso wignebi, romlebic
gizidaven, gi pyroben Tavisi
SinaarsiT, ideiT Tu kvlevebiT. magram SesaZlebelia umagaTodac cxovreba, ubralod
ar, an ver waikiTxav im wigns,
magram sadRac odesRac iqneb
mainc mogiwios misi gacnoba.
aseTi wignebi raodenobrivad arc Tu ise bevria, magram Tanafardobis balanss
karg da cud wignebs Soris
Tavisi SedarebiTi simciris
miuxedavad mainc ar arRvevs,
radgan kargi wigni yovelTvis
avsebs mkiTxvelSi wignierebisadmi midrekilebasa da maTi meSveobiT sulieri sazrdos meti raodenobiT miRebis
wyurvilsa da survils, im
vakuumiT gamowveul wyurvilsa Tu survils, rac warmoiSveba zRva samakulaturo
literaturidan, romelic veravis sZens Rirebuls.
magram aris iseTi wignebic,
romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia arseboba. isini organulad gadajaWvulni arian sazogadoebis yofiT da sulier
cxovrebasTan, uxilavi ZafebiT rom dakavSirebulan eris
warsulTan, awmyosTan da gansazRvraven momavals – momavals marTals, gulwrfels,
spetaks. aseTi wignebi kacobriobaSi ama Tu im eris savizito baraTia. maTi TiToeuli furceli istoriuli majiscemaa. aseT wignebs konkretuli avtorebi romc hyavdes,
mainc mamulis fesveuli sazrdoTia Seqmnili, mamuli ki
ufro didi da yovlismomcveli avtoria, vidre konkretuli saxelisa da gvaris mqone
avtori. es saamayocaa maTTvis,
vinc samSoblos sicocxlisunarianobis esa Tu is momenti daafiqsira da ganivTebul
ukvdavebad Seqmna.
qarTvel ersac sabednierod
moepoveba aseTi wignebi. marTalia, isini TiTze CamosaTvlelni arian, magram yvela
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aRemateba xarisxiT. TiToeuli es wignebi tolia qarTul enaze daweril Tu dasawer yvela danarCen wigns, araTu mxolod utoldeba, aramed
aRemateba kidec.
aseT wignebs ganekuTvneba
upirveles yovlisa qarTul
enaze Targmnili biblia, qarTul bibliad wodebuli
`qarTlis cxovreba~, SoTa rusTvelis `vefxistyaosani~ da
iakob gogebaSvilis `dedaena~.
CamoTvlil wignebSi sruladaa dafiqsirebuli qarTveli
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– mdidari simartividan sirTulemde, iqamde filosofiur
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`biblia~ mainc naTargmni
literaturaa, magram danarCenebi Tamamad iTvleba yvelanair qarTul enaze Seqmnil wignTa wignebad, wignebis ana-banad,
qarTuli enis margalitebad,
msoflios rom davanaxoT, ai,
es xalxi varT qarTvelebio
da srulad da amomwuravad
miiRos am wignebis meSveobiT
nebismierma ucxoelma Cveni
eris Sesaxeb informacia.
SeiZleba, romeliRac mwerlis Semoqmedebaze izrunos
misma memkvidreebma, dainteresebulma pirebma, sazogadoebis
garkveulma didma Tu mcire
nawilma, magram `qarTlis
cxovrebaze~, `vefxistyaosanze~ da dedaenaze unda izrunos swored rom saxelmwifom.
es wignebi me mesaxeba saxelmwifo himnis, Rerbisa da droSis tolfasad, eris simbolod wignier aspeqtSi gamoxatuli.
Cven yvelani davalebulni
varT am unikaluri erovnuli
saxelmZRvaneloebis winaSe, qedi unda movixaroT maTi aRmatebuleba avtorTa winaSe, romelTa saxelebi mravlismetyvelia, magram ufrore metis
mTqmelia saukuneebis siRrmeSi Tvalsmofarebuli usaxelo avtorebis saxelebi, romelTa saZirkvelze aRizardnen
TviT didi SoTa da didi
iakobi, miT ufro Tu qarTlis
cxovrebis mematianeTa saxelebis umravlesoba ucnobia.
didi tragedia ar iqneba
usaxsrobis gamo ama Tu im
mwerlis wigni, an wignebi ar
daibeWdeba, dRes Tu ara xval
gamoiZebneba amisi saxsrebi, an
arada mecenatebi moiZebnebian
ukeTes dros. didi saCuqari
iqneba wignieri mkiTxvelisTvis didi qarTveli moazrovneebis akademiuri gamocemebi
(mravaltomeulebi). arc is
iqneba didi erovnuli ubedureba, Tu aseTi gamocemebi
saxsrebis momWirneobis gamo
naklebi poligrafiuli xarisxiT Tu daibeWdeba, an Tu
saerTod ar ar iqneba ilustrirebuli. mkiTxvels amisTvis bodiSs aravin mouxdis.
ai, rodesac odnavi mzrunveloba daakldeba `vefxistyaosans~, `dedaenas~ (gamocemis SemTxvevaSi), `qarTlis
cxovrebas~, saRvTo istoriasa
da saRvTo werils, anu biblias, aseT SemTxvevaSi nebismieri mkiTxveli mkacri momTxovni unda gaxdes nebismieri sagamomcemlo jgufis
mimarT, ufro metic, ise rogorc bibliis gamocemis maRalpoligrafiul doneze zrunavs saqarTvelos sapatriarqo,
aseve saxelmwifo unda zrunavdes im danarCeni wignebis
saTanado doneze gamocemisaTvis. `vefxistyaosani~ marto
poetebisa da rusTvelologebis sakiTxavi ar aris, arc
`qarTlis cxovrebaa~ marto
istorikosis samagido wigni,
miTumetes `dedaena~ marto
sabavSvo saxelmZRvanelo araa,
is nebismieri qarTvelis sulierebis saganZuris cxraklitulis erTaderTi oqros
gasaRebia, romelic yvela asakis adamianisTvis aRebs sibrZnis am saganZurs da Sehyavs
masSi yvela mowadinebuli mamuliSvili. amitoma aqvs am
wignebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba qarTveli eris SegnebaSi.
ai, ras wers nodar dumbaZe:
`Cems ojaxSi erTi uZvirfasesi wigni-relikvia inaxeboda. es wigni gogebaSvilis
`dedaena~ gaxldaT. `dedaena~,
romliTac Cemi deda swavlobda da romelsac me mikiTxavda bavSvobaSi, vidre skolaSi
wavidodi. imitom ki ara, rom
`dedaenis~ gaWirveba iyo Cvens
ojaxSi, ara, igi Selocvili
akvaniviT gadadioda Taobidan
TaobaSi da ise iyo gacrecili, furcel-furcel daSlili da aTasjer dakabadonebuli, rom Zalauneburad moiTxovda uaRresad saTuT da
saTno mopyrobas~.
swored `dedaenaa~ is erovnuli relikviis erT-erTi
mTavari niSansveti, romelzedac gadis yvela qarTvelis
bavSvobis cnobiereba. amitomaa didi sulierebiT mosapyrobi es Zvirfasi wigni.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi `dedaena~ ixveweboda drois viTarebaTa Secvlis Sesabamisad.
leqsika, sintaqsi, idea, azri
icvleboda aseve qarTuli
enis gramatikis daxvewis Sesabamisad, magram ucvleli iyo
da dResac aseve ucvlelia
misi modeli, misi mTavari
principi – qarTuli enis, qarTuli aso-bgerebis iolad
aTviseba. amisaTvis TviT gogebaSvilma qarTuli Sriftis
modernizeba moaxdina, romliTac dRemde ibeWdeba dedaenis
wignebi. am Srifts `gogebaSvils~ uwodeben da igi
ucvlelad movida Cvenamde
imisda miuxedavad, rom poligrafiuli teqnika `dedaenis~
Seqmnis dRidan mravaljer Seicvala da daixvewa. dResdReobiT e.w. cifruli beWdvaa
mizanSewonili. istorias Cabarda graviura da cinkografia. ilustracia `dedaenidan~ erTi-erTze gadadis da
mas aRar sWirdeba ferebis
gasworebis ukve moZvelebuli
meTodebi. sabeWd manqanaSi TiToeuli formis erTxel gatarebac kmara, feradi ilus-
nze swevs, Tu ar axSobs sruliad. aseTi teqnikiT Sesrulebuli ilustraciebi, ragind kargic unda iyos isini,
mowafeebze didaqtikur zegavlenas ver moaxdens. es mkveTrad Cans wignis im gverdebze, sadac fotoilustraciebia gamoyenebuli. fotoebi
bundovnadaa gamosuli beWdvis Sedegad. Tu es poligrafiis xarisxis Semcirebis gamo araa, maSin TviT fotogadaRebis brali iqneba, radgan
bSi da CeCavs. gogona brazobs,
biWi ki kmayofilia;
meoTxe suraTi aseTive principiT aris dabeWdili furclis marjvena kuTxeSi da
masze daxatulia meore suraTis personaJi biWi, romelsac
miaqvs yvavilebi amxanagisTvis,
romlis siuJeturi gagrZelebaa mis zemoT moTavsebul suraTze.
romc CavTvaloT es suraTebi or sxvadasxva siuJetad
(da asec aris), nebismier Sem-
kidev ramdenime mcireodeni
SeniSvna wignis SedgenasTan
dakavSirebiT: magaliTad: 28-e
gverdze aso-bgera `T~-s Seswavlis ganakveTSi ilustrirebulia, Tu rogor adis daTvi xeze. im dros, rodesac
teqstualuri da vizualuri
mxare erTmaneTs ar emTxveva
– moswavlem jer kidev ar
icis Semdegi asoebi, rogoricaa `d~ da `x~. erTaderTi
ram, rac SeiZleba icodes bavSvma, erTdroulad waikiTxos
tracia rom miviRoT. qaRaldis damuSavebac axal xarisxze avida – TviT qaRaldis
simtkice da gamZleoba (rogorc es carcis qaRaldis damuSavebis Sedegad dabeWdil ferad albom-wignebisas xdeboda) wignebis maRalRirebulebaze metyvelebs.
amJamad Cemi mokrZalebuli
SeniSvnebi da survilebi msurs gamovTqva swored `dedaenis~ erT-erT bolodroindel gamocemaze, romelic
Seadgina valerian ramiSvilma,
Seavses da gadaamuSaves Tamar
RonRaZem, aw gansvenebulma vaxuSti kotetiSvilma da aka
morCilaZem. wigni gamosca gamomcemloba `aisma~ q. TbilisSi 2006 w. Smuctitulis
meore gverdze saCinod weria:
`rekomendebulia erovnuli
saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier. saxelmZRvanelom warmatebiT gaiara
pilotireba saqarTvelos
skolebSi~.
keTili da patiosani!...
yvelaferi es misasalmebelia, miTumetes maSin, roca
dRevandel epoqaSi naklebi
yuradReba eTmoba erovnuli
suliskveTebiT aRzrda-ganaTlebis sakiTxs da saganmanaTleblo sistema gadarTulia
msoflio globalizaciis
procesSi. ra Tqma unda, vinc
saqmes akeTebs, xarvezebi swored mas eqneba. srulyofili
saxiT jer arcerTi saxelmZRvanelo ar Seqmnila, TviT
`dedaenac~ ki. gavixsenoT isic,
rom iakob gogebaSviliseuli
saxelmZRvanelo ganicdida
mudmiv ganaxlebas da didi
qarTveli pedagogis sicocxleSi ganxorcielda `dedaenis~ 33 gamocema, anu pirvelidan ocdacamet gamocemamde mudmivi damuSavebis procesSi iyo da arcerTi am gamocemTagani wina gamocemis
sityva-sityviT ganmeoreba ar
yofila. raRaciT ivseboda,
raRac akldeboda, magram rCeboda is, rac sakvanZo da maradiuli iyo.
asevea valerian ramiSviliseuli `dedaenis~ saxelmZRvaneloc. aris masSi is xrtili da RerZi daculi, riTac dRemde moaRwia am wignma da uaRresad fasobs CvenSi, magram samwuxarod aris
iseTi xarvezebi da Secdomebi, romlis gaTvaliswineba da
gasworeba saWirocaa da aucilebelic.
upirveles yovlisa, yuradReba gasamaxvilebelia poligrafiul xarisxze, rac feradi beWdvis pirobebSi sakmaod naklebi xarisxiTaa Sesrulebuli da am faqtoris
gamo wigni vizualur efeqts
ver axdens, arada arsebobs
gacilebiT maRalxarisxovani
sastambo teqnikuri saSualebebi, romelic Tavisi xarisxiTa da mravalferovnebiT gamoiwvevs pirvelyovlisa bavSvebis interess. rogorc cnobilia, brWyviala ferebi Tvals
stacebs adamians, miTumetes
pirvelklasel mowafes, risTvisac wigni siaxlea, saTamaSodan axla gadadis wignze.
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo
ki Sesrulebulia e. w. Camqrali ferebiT da bavSvebSi mimzidvelobis efeqts ukana pla-
am fotoebze araa swori fokusireba. aseT SemTxvevaSi redaqtori valdebuli iyo wuniani masala ar gaeSva wignSi.
kidev erTi detali, rac
wignis mxatvrul gaformebas
Seexeba –
marTalia, gemovnebaze ar
davoben, magram aris iseTi
wvrilmani sakiTxi, romelic
aSkarad TvalSi sacemia da
mowoneba-armowonebis parametrebSi ar jdeba. bevri ilustraciebi Seuferebelia, am xasiaTis wignisTvis mainc. konkretulad 45-e gverdze moTavsebul bostneulSi Znelad
Tu amoicnob kombostos, radgan es bostneuli kultura
ufro sxvanairi moyvanilobiTa da formiTaa amosacnobi – yvelam saukeTesod icis,
rom kombosto aris mrgvali
formisa da moTeTro feris,
aseTi jiSis kombosto ki Znelad misaxvedria, da miT ufro bavSvebisTvis.
Tundac 50-e gverdze dabeWdil suraTSi, sadac asoebi gabneulia da unda amoicnon moswavleebma `goSia~, ver
mixvdebi goSiaa es cxoveli,
mgeli, tura, Tu virTxa. CamoTvlili cxovelebis yvela
niSan-TvisebiT aris `Semkuli~ es naxati. mglis drunCi
aqvs, ZaRlis Tavi da yurebi,
turis fexebis simokle, virTxis aburZgnuli balani, feri da tanis moyvaniloba. SeiZleboda ki goSia ise daxatuliyo, rom saorWofo ar
gamxdariyo misi amocnoba. es
detali aRar jdeba im parametrebSi, mxatvris namuSevrebi momwons Tu ar momwons.
aseTi ilustrireba miuRebeli unda iyos yvelanairi
gamocemisaTvis, rogori poligrafiuli xarisxiTac ar unda daibeWdos wigni.
winaresaanbano ganyofilebaSi or SemTxvevaSi, sadac
konkretuli siuJetebi gadmocemulia ilustraciebis saxiT, TviT siuJetis ganviTarebidan gamomdinare naxatebis
Tanmimdevroba darRveulia da
ver mixvdebi, Tu ra aris da
ratomaa ese ase gadanawilebuli. me-11 da me-14 gverdebze es ilustraciebi dalagebulia diagonalze Wadrakis
dafis ganlagebis princi piT.
magaliTad, me-11 gverdze
furclis zeda marcxena kuTxeSi moTavsebulia aseTi naxati: merxTan zian moswavleebi (gogo da biWi) zurgSeqceviT erTmaneTs ebutebian;
meore suraTi moTavsebulia am suraTis qvemoT, oRond
marjvena mxares, anu Tanmimdevroba kibiseburi unda iyos.
aq ki sul sxva Cacmulobis
amxanagebi (aqac gogo da biWi)
dganan merxTan. merxze devs
qoTanSi Cadebuli yvavilebi.
gogos saxe kmayofili aqvs,
biWi odnav Tavdaxrili grZnobs amxanagis keTilganwyobas;
mesame suraTze pirveli suraTis paralelurad (qvemoT)
da meore suraTis qvemoT kibiseburi, anu diagonaluri dacilebiT, oRond marcxniv, mesame suraTia dabeWdili, sadac pirveli suraTis personaJebi arian gamosaxulni –
merxTan zian gogo-biWi. biWs
Cauvlia xeli gogos nawnave-
TxvevaSi darRveulia Tanmimdevroba. erTi SexedviT, Tu
safuZvlianad ar daukvirdebi, ifiqreb, es erTi mTliani
siuJetiao. Tu bavSvi ase aRiqvams am gverdze moTavsebul
suraTebs, misTvis gaugebari
gaxdeba sad aris siuJetis
dasawyisi, sad ganviTareba da
sad dasasruli. aq konkretulad araa gamokveTili urTierTsapirispiro niSanTviseba
bavSvebis da am xasiaTebidan
gamomdinare urTierTobebi amxanagebs Soris.
analogiuri princi piT
aris ganlagebuli me-14 gverdze moTavsebuli sayovelTaod cnobili siuJeti ZaRlis
Sesaxeb, romelsac pirSi Zvali aqvs, xidze gadasvlis
dros rom wyalSi sakuTar
anarekls dainaxavs da gadaxteba mdinareSi, im meore ZaRls wavarTmev Zvalso, dabolos im Zvalsac dakargavs,
rac hqonda da gawuwuli amova mdinaridan.
am gverdzec darRveulia
Tanmimdevroba.
pirveladaa moTavsebuli
ZaRli rom wyalSi xteba (ratom?);
meoredaa – ZaRls piriT
miaqvs Zvali;
mesamedaa – ZaRli gorakze
amodis gawuwuli da gawbilebuli (Zvali daekarga);
meoTxedaa - ZaRli dgas
xidze da mdinareSi uyurebs
Tavis anarekls.
am ganyofilebis swavlebisas moswavles ver moTxov,
daalage suraTebi Tanmimdevrulad Sinaarsis mixedviTo,
amisTvis isini mzad ar arian
da, mitom. xolo Tu vinme
vunderkindi aRmoCnda, es wigni 2-3 wlis asakSi eqneba gadabulbulebuli.
bulbuli vaxsene da rom
ar vTqva, ar SeiZleba:
90-e gverdze moTavsebulia
giorgi leoniZis leqsi `dedaena~, gverdiT ki akvanze Semomjdari `mgalobeli frinveli~ (bulbuli iqneba es,
Tu beRura, sxva sakiTxia).
SeuZlebelia leqsis ilustracia striqonis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT (`Cvens akvans
Semomjdari mgalobeli frinveli~). am SemTxvevaSi aSkarad darRveulia bavSvis metaforuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebis princi pi. es ki, rbilad rom vTqvaT, ar SeiZleba,
rac aSkarad TvalSi sacemi
detalia da mikvirs, saxelmZRvanelos Semdgenelsac ratom ar eca es TvalSi. rac
aqamde Cemi SeniSvnebi gamovTqvi, eseni araferia imasTan,
rac am SemTxvevaSi. bavSvi
xom pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT
gaigebs am naxatis ilustrirebis Sedegs, arada, leqsi
Tavidan bolomde xatovani
TqmiT, metaforebiTa da epiTetebiT aris gawyobili. maswavlebelma xom unda auxsnas
mowafeebs, rom es yvelaferi
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT unda vigulisxmoT. ilustracia ki pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT miaswavlebs bavSvebs aRiqvan leqsi da verc erTi pedagogi veRar gadaaTqmevinebs Tavis mowafeebs imas, rom mgalobel frinvelSi Citi ki
ara, Tavad `dedaena~ unda vigulisxmoT.
da wanakiTxi Seadaros naxats,
aris daTvis TaTi. es SesaZlebelia Tematurad dasaSvebic
iyos, magram umjobesi iqneboda
sxva Sesaferisi ilustracia
moTavsebuliyo am gverdze, sadac vizualuradac iolad
aRiqvamda moswavle am asobgeras. es naxati ki SeiZleba
gadatanil iqnes aso-bgera
`d~-s dasaswavl ganyofilebaSi 62-e gverdze, rac uTu-
od gaamdidrebda mocemuli
aso-bgeris aRqmas. aseTive Seusabamobaa 33-e gverdze mocemuli Tixis WurWelTa mTeli
wyebis warmoCenisas. SeiZleboda TvalsaCinod erTi romeliRac Tixis WurWeli ganTavsebuliyo, an Tasebis mravalsaxeoba, riTac Tasis aRqma
ukeT iqneboda SesaZlebeli,
Tundac Tixis nakeToba yofiliyo. eseni da sxva masalisgan
gakeTebuli WurWeli aso-bgera `W~-s daswavlisas ufro
iqneboda mizanSewonili, konkretulad 85-e gverdze mocemuli davalebis nacvlad, an
mis paralelurad.
axla ramdenime SeniSvna
TviT teqstobriv masalazec,
sadac gaparulia TiTo-orola uzustoba, romelTa gasworeba iolad aris SesaZlebeli: 104-e gverdze moTavsebulia mcire monacemebi did
qarTvel poetsa da moazrovne
SoTa rusTvelze. erTgan aseTi detalia gaparuli: - man
dawera didi poema `vefxistyaosani~.
Zneli warmosadgenia bavSvisTvis ra sididezea aq saubari. an romc warmoidginos,
rogor SeiZleba nawarmoebi
did-patarobiT daiyos. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom Cven saqme
patara bavSvebTan gvaqvs da
damaxinjebuli warmodgena ar
unda SevuqmnaT nawarmoebebze,
maT moculoba-sidideze da
av-kargianobaze. sakmarisia, amoviRoT sityva `didi~ da winadadeba gamarTuli iqneba rogorc azrobrivad, aseve Sina-
arsobrivadac.
120-e gverdze moTavsebulia
teqsti farnavaz mefis Sesaxeb,
sadac erTgan dasaxelebulia
`saqarTvelo~. rogorc cnobilia es toponimi ar arsebobda farnavazis dros. es uzustobac gasasworebelia, Tundac es teqsti gogebaSviliseuli iyos da es maSin, roca
momdevno gverdze, sadac moTxrobilia wmida ninos Sesaxeb
TvalnaTlivaa dasaxelebuli
iveria, rogorc saqarTvelos
erT-erTi uZvelesi dasaxeleba. Tu wminda ninos moTxrobaSia SesaZlebeli aseTi ram
gakeTdes, miT ufro unda gaswordes es uzustoba farnavazTan mimarTebaSi da miTumetes maSin, roca farnavazi
saxeldobr iveriis (iberiis)
mefe iyo.
125-e gverdze, sadac moTxrobilia daviT aRmaSeneblis
Sesaxeb, erTgan weria `igi jer kidev bavSvi iyo,
rodesac saqarTvelo osmalebma dai pyres~.
unda iTqvas, rom daviTis
dros osmaleTi, rogorc saxelmwifo da rogorc eTnosi, ar arsebobda da Sesabamisad
saqarTvelos ver daipyrobda.
XI-XII saukuneebis mijnaze
saqarTveloSi e.w. `didi Turqoba~ iyo, anu Turqmenuli
tomebi saxldebodnen saqarTvelos teritoriaze, xolo
osmaleTsa da Turqmenebs Soris didi sxvaobaa (Turqisa
da osmaleTis identifikacia
mxolod dRevandeli realobidanaa SesaZlebeli. rodesac
osmaleTis imperia daiSala
I msoflio omis Semdeg, mis
nacvlad Seiqmna TurqeTis
respublika).
aseT Secdomas TviT iakob
gogebaSvilic ver dauSvebda.
amitom teqsti gasasworebelia. aki iolad erevian didi pedagogis teqstebSi winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos Semdgenlebi, roca Tamar mefis
Sesaxeb weren: `ai, Turme pawawina yvavilebic mis saxelze yvaviano...~ da mocemulia
ana kalandaZis leqsi. bunebrivia, es teqsti redaqtirebulia, Torem iakob gogebaSvils saidan ecodineboda
ana kalandaZis leqsi. e. i.
Tu SesaZlebelia gogebaSviliseuli teqstis romelime
nawilma ganicados cvlileba,
sadac es aucilebelia, aseve
unda moxdes maTi marTebuli
formebiT Sesworeba.
da bolos, es teqstebi zogadad konkretuli sagnis, movlenis, raRac konkretuli sakiTxis SemecnebiT suraTs naklebad gvaZlevs, istoriuli
moTxrobebis gamoklebiT. rom
SevadaroT `dedaenis~ pirvel
gamocemebs, masSi mravladaa
mocemuli aseTi SemecnebiTi
teqstebic, magaliTad frinvelebze, cxovelebze, qalaqebze,
soflebze, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxareebze. am SemTxvevaSi ki saxelmZRvanelo maqsimalurad gamartivebulia. saWiroa meti SemecnebiTi teqstebi, romlebic Seqmnis codnis
baziss momdevno jgufebSi
sxvadasxva sagnebis swavlebisaTvis. 1912 wlis `dedaenis~ meore nawilSi mravladaa ganyofilebebi, sadac konkretuli Tematikis mixedviT
aris dawyvilebuli saswavlo
teqstebi. ase magaliTad: moTxrobani da leqsebi wminda
zneobaze; samoswavlo nivTebi;
Sinauri cxovelebi; gareuli
cxovelebi; mcenareuloba;
sxvadasxva movlenani; saqarTvelo (aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi - cal-calke ganyofilebiT); qveynisTvis Tavdadebuli qarTvelebi. kargi iqneba,
gogebaSviliseuli Tematikis
dawyvilebis princi pi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba `dedaenis~ momdevno gamocemebSi.
manuCar kaWaxiZe,
2009 wlis sazafxulo
ardadegebi
8
ibeWdeba pirvelad
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
merve saTqmeli:
cecxlkaris
mistiuri xilvebi
medeam daasvena Svilebi
marxilze. isev daitira isini
da neli svliT gauyva gzas.
igi marxilze ar Semjdara,
cxens mihyveboda fexdafex
mgloviared. gzaSi SemoaRamda. magram gzas mainc ganagrZobda. es iyo, rom jer ver
gaerkvia saiT wasuliyo da
ra unda moemoqmedna. erTi
ram cxadi iyo misTvis - SurisZieba ulmobeli iqneboda
araTu erTeulebisTvis, aramed
yvelasaTvis. esec ar icoda,
erTi daSniT rogor moaxerxebda SeeZra suliT xorcamde mTeli elada, saSviliSvilo damRad rom dasmodaT
bavSvebis sisxli. cremlebi
niaRvariviT mosdioda TvalTagan. gvelis perangi emosa
medeas da es mrisxanebas ufro matebda mis iers, vidre
ususurobas. arada, arc arasodes yofila ususuri, TviT
yvelaze umweo mdgomareobaSic ki. midioda da misi nabijebi mtkice iyo, am nabijebs
Tavganwirva erqva, radgan misTvis aRar datoves araferi,
risTvisac Tavs dazogavda raRacnairi ukan daxeviT. medea
iseTi Seupovari iyo im wuTebSi, rom udides laSqarsac
ki Seebmeboda marto, gamwarebuli deda iyo, da mitom.
gza ki mosawyenisi erTferovnebiT gadaiWima da miTumetes
Sebindebulze, rodesac mgzavri aremaris daTvalierebiT
ver erToba da verc klavs
gzis usasrulobis sisrules.
medeac Tavidan bolomde mTeli gonebiT mindobili iyo
am gzas, saiTac waiyvanda, mosawyenad ki ar ecala. gzas mTvare
anaTebda, varskvlavTa mravalferovneba safiqralTa warmoSobis niSans iZleoda da gardasuli Ramis ganmeorebisagan
icavda cisqveSeTs. yvelaferi
damSvidebuli iyo.
grili niavi saamod asunTqebda daRamebul gazafxuls.
imisaTvis, rom Rameuli gza
momqancveli da rulis momgvreli ar yofiliyo, mgzavrma
Cumad RiRini daiwyo. TiTqos
sakuTar sxeuls amiT Zilis
saSualebas ar aZlevda. RiRinebda da am RiRinSi kolxuri sityviTa da kiloTi Tavis
uiRblo axalgazrdobas dastiroda, romlis nayofebi sikvdilSemosili wylulebiT
ganisvenebdnen marxilze. dedas Tavisi ZaZebi gadaefarebina, raTa ar Seexedna mkvdari
SvilebisaTvis. es ufro uadvilebda RiRinis survils.
imdenad gulSi Camwvdomad
RiRinebda medea, rom TavisTavad Tavisi namReris tyveobaSi moeqca da ise moeqca, rom
xmas umata, umata da umata.
es xma male yvirilSi gadaizarda, magram bevrjer yvirili kvnesa ufroa da miT ufro momnusxavia igi, Tu mas
simRera hqvia da mas deda
mReris. aRar daeZina medeas
im RamiT. ukve meore Rame iyo
ebrZoda Zils da ZilTan brZolaSi imarjvebda, siymawvile
amarjvebinebda mas sxeulis
araadamianur momqancvelobasTan WidilSi. yvelaze kargad
qalebi sakuTar Tavsa da sxeuls umklavdebian. mReroda
medea da am simReraSi tkivili ismoda. simReras vambob,
Torem mTeli xmiT gahyviroda. visTvis rogor aRiqmeba
- yvirilad Tu mRerad, es
adamians gaaCnia, radgan bgeraTa wyoba visTvis sevdaa, visTvis sixaruli, visTvis ki
ubralod xmauri. medea Sestiroda, `lilevda, dideba Sendao,
dideba Senda zeciero!
oqrosi gidgas sra-sasaxle,
gars akravs oqros galavani,
galavnis Ziras orbebia.
qim-qongurebze Sevardnebi.
Sens saRmrTo xarebs meufeo,
rqebi adgaT - rqebi oqrosi.
ialaRebze buRraoben,
iryevian didi qedebi~.
xmis Cawyvetamde uxmobda
medea liles. wrfeli cremlebi ymawvil-qalis grZnobebs
akeTilSobilebda. mere daRla igrZno xorxma, Seisvena
medeam, aRidgina sunTqva, radgan
aCqarebulad sunTqavda. SimSilic igrZno da wyurvilic.
daixara, xelebiT balaxebi moZebna, xelebiTve amoarCia, radgan Tvals uWirda sibneleSi
raimes garCeva. amorCeuli
bRujad amoputa miwidan da
SeWama. SeWama da eama. meti
Zala igrZno grZnobebSi gadavardnilma da isev daiRiRina,
isev umata xmas, barbol-dolaSs mimarTa Sewevnad maxvSebis ZarRvmagar da sasmenad
klde-WiuxsaviT udrek enaze,
ifiqreb, am enaze sityva ar
imReriso, magram yvelaze harmoniuli da nazi simRera, Tavis CvevebTan da garemo-bunebasTan Serwymuli, marTlacda,
am enaze imReris. melodiacaa Sesaferisi. hoda, RmerTma
rom adamianTa enebi gayo, yvela
maTgans Tanabrad misca madli,
siRrme da keTilxmovaneba.
Cvenzea damokidebuli - adamianebze, Tu rogor gamoviyenebT
mis RvTaebriv sibrZnes. RiRinebda medea da TandaTan xmas
simkveTre da SemarTeba emate-
boda simtkiciT gabrjnili,`samsxverploze ZRveni gvidevs,
xilva gvinda Seni saxis
Seni tvirTis zidva gvinda.
wveTavs irmis savse ZuZu,
TeTrad rCeba irmis kvali,
kldeebidan gadmoaden
rZis da Taflis uSret marags.
mze Semoaqvs rqebiT xarebs,
mze Senia barbol-dolaS~.
medea am simRerebiT aRar
uxmobda RvTaebebs, rogorc
es wina RamiT iyo. igi mxolod drois gasayvanad, gzis
momqancvelobis Sesamsubuqeblad mReroda. rom daamTavrebda erTs, meores iwyebda. TiTqmis yvela simRera-locva-galoba daamRera gzaSi. gulic
gaiqarva da gzac ase Tu ise
dafara, Rame gadaeRoba oRond.
isev Tavis sevdian simRerebs
misca Tavi, `didia Cveni pirimze,
xrmals irtyams
lerwam tanzeda.
ar moixdina moZale
misuli Tavis karzeda~.
aRarc uymo ymis mSveleli
pirimze Seeweoda mgloviare
Tvalcremlian dedas. axla
mogonebebmac ariv-daria medeas goneba. isev tkbili kolxeTi wamoelanda Tvalebs; xelis
gawvdenamde axlo warsuli
- bavSvobis dReebi.
am mogonebaSi igi bavSvi
iyo, cocxali iyo afsirtec.
isini mamidas samzareuloSi
damwvaris uqmes aRniSnavdnen,
meore dRes rom ger-SuriSxasTvis amzadebdnen mglis kvers.
mamidam, misma keTilma mamidam
mogrZo comi daamzada da erT
boloSi xeli wauWira da
erTiani formis comidan patara monakveTi gamoyo.
`es mglis Taviao~,- uTxra
patarebs.
bavSvebs gaecinaT. o, rogori gulwrfeli iyo es sicili, rogori marTali da spetaki. sad wavida es sicili
netav? mere mamidam mglis
coms qva Caudo pirSi.
`amas ras akeTebo?~- ikiTxes gakvirvebulebma.
amaze mamidasac gaecina, bavSvebs moefera da uTxra:
`es qva Wamos wreulso
mgelma, vidre Cveni saqonlebio.
sagaisodac klov qva Wamoso~.
gadaikiskises bavSvebma.
mere medeam hkiTxa mamidas:
`mgeli xom Cveni mfarveliao. ratom unda Wamos qva da
ara saqonelio~.
mamidam Sublze akoca bavSvs da uTxra:
`gonieri yofilxar, Sviloo, magram es icode da daixsomeo - mgels qva cecxlkarSi gadaatarebs mSvidobiT
da dagvicavs Tavisi ZlierebiTo, xolo saqonelze gadayolili mgeli mtacebelia
da meti araferio~.
`cecxl-karis miRma ra
ariso?~- axla afsirtem hkiTxa mamidas. imanac upasuxa:
`jer patarebi xarT da
roca gaizrdebiT, Tavadve mixvdebiT ra aris cecxl-kari
da raa mis miRmao~, - da masac
Sublze akoca.
mixvda, axla mixvda medea
ra aris cecxl-kari da ra
imyofeba mis miRma. afsirtem
ukve gaiara cecxl-kari da
daemkvidra cecxl-kars miRma.
mixvda, mxolod axla mixvda medea, Tu ratom iyo gamosaxuli aietis sabrZolo
alamze mgeli cecxlovani
qviT pirSi. isic gaaxsenda
medeas - Tavisi boCola, angeloza boCola, mis saxelze
rom mamam fuZis angelozs
Seswira, ra lamazi iyo mainc,
TvalTagan ar amodioda, rogori Wkviani TvalebiT uyurebda irgvliv yvelas. albaT
daaberebda ase ucodvelad mama Svilis angelozas, an gamwarebuli gaupobda Tavs, Tu
gaaxsenda is simware, mamis
tkivili rom hqvia, Tu odesme
gaigonebda xarze atexil angelozas bRavils.
tkbili mamida aRidgina
Tvalebma - patara iyo maSin
afsirte, mglebis eSinoda metismetad. mamidam qvasanayi
da savarcxeli samzareulo
odis dedaboZs miakra da mtirala bavSvs uTxra, `nu geSinia Svilo, mgeli
daixuTebao~.
mere anTebuli muguzali
Sestyorcna qvasanays.
`naxe Cemo biWo, rogor dauTuTqos piri Sen SemSinebel
mgelso...~
gagulisebul afsirtesac
acremlebul TvalebSi sixarulis sxivebi auWreldeboda da uceb gadaikiskisebda
gulianad.
`ase, Cemo kudraWebo, ase,
araferma SegaSinoT cxovrebaSio~.
arc SeSinebia arafris, TviT
civi sikvdilisic ki.
daaRona mogonebebma medea,
Tavis daxsna moisurva mogonebaTa marwuxebidan. amitom
cxens fafarSi Caavlo xeli
da daelapara. isic TiTqos
saubarSi erTvebao, frutuniT
pasuxobda raRaceebs. ase galies gzis naxevari da Sua
Ramem moqanca mgzavrebi. cotaoden sicivec igrZno qalis
Seumosavma fexebma. gvelis perangi Semoixvia barklebze,
Tbili iyo gvelis axladgamocvlili perangi, da mitom.
cota xniT Seisvenes cxenma
da qalma.
- ra vqnaT, saiT gavWendeTo, - hkiTxa medeam Tavis cxens,
magram es kiTxva pasuxis gasacemad ar dausvams misTvis.
piriqiT, pasuxi rom ar gascemoda, imitom ikiTxa, radgan
icoda, pasuxs veravin gascemda
mas, arc iyo saWiro raimes
Tqma sapasuxod,- arc rom mama
melis, arc rom satrfo. maS,
raRasTvis viCqaroT. Svilebs
ver gavacocxleb siCqariT.
SurisZieba ki rac ufro daayovnebs, miT ufro mwared moxvdeba mizans. amitom Tvali
movatyuoT, Cemo cxeno, da xval
isev ganvagrZoT gza. sZlis-
deboda marxils. cxenic sruliad damSvidda. medeas TvalebSi jer gakvirveba, Semdeg
ki sixaruli gamoikveTa. xeli
SeuSva cxenis fafars da nela
wavida sairxes Sesagebeblad.
sairxec mkafiod gamoCnda, sibnelis miuxedavad. igi mSvidad da auRelveblad midioda medeasken da rZis kvalsa
da surnels tovebda. arafers
ambobda sairxe, mxolod medeas uyurebda, - da uyurebda
saTnoebiT, ara-sibraluliT.
mis TvalebSi ar iyo wyena,
arc Tu SurisZieba, niSnismogeba. arc alersi ikiTxeboda,
TumcaRa TvalTa siRrmeSi, sadac sulis Sexeba xdeba xor-
pirebiT gavimagroT es Rame
da Segveweva dambadebelio,uTxra medeam Tavis cxens.
manac frutuniT daudastura
patrons naTqvami da wina marjvena fexi aswia da floqvi
miwas Cascxo, morCiladac daxara Tavi.
- rao, cxeno, ra ginda, rom
miTxrao,- CaekiTxa isev medea,TumcaRa ra unda miTxrao.
damSviddio. daisveneo. xval
didi gza gveliso.
cxeni ki ufro da ufro
mousvenrad urtyamda floqvebs miwaze da frutunebda.
- mgeli xom ar igeSe. SiSi
nu geqnebao. sanam Sens gverdiT var, veravin SegWamso. Cemi
biWebi ver davicavi, Torem me
da Sen am qveynis zurgze SegvWamen, Tu SevWamT, vivliT, Tu
ara, ra saTqmeli varTo.
cxeni mousvenrobam Sei pyro da marxilSi rom ar yofiliyo Sebmuli, gaiqceoda.
- ra dagemarTao, xom giTxari, cota SevisvenoT da mere
ganvagrZoT gzao. saCqaro aRaraferiao, dawynardio,- iqve
lodze Camomjdari medea wamodga, miefera cxens da isev
daapira dajdoma. cxeni ki
ar isvenebda, - cxedrebma xom
ar SegaSineao, magram aqamde
xom moitane isinio? - cota
ar iyos wyromis kilo Seeria medeas xmas, irgvliv mimoixeda, magram sibnelis meti
veraferi dainaxa.
`ara, raRac namdvilad dainaxa cxenma, axal xifaTs xom
ar grZnobs netav? aSkarad
mousvenrobam Seipyro, TiTqos
raRacnairad gangaSis winaTgrZnoba aqvso. risi geSi aiRo
netavo~,- ar asvenebda axla
amRamindeli sawuxari.
lagams dauwyo kvneta da
aWixvinda, mTlad gadairia.
medeac moemzada, radgan mixvda,
rom axlos iyo ukve is, risTvisac ase dafrTxa cxeni. yuradReba daZaba, xeli welze
gaCrili daSnisken waiRo.
amis mere warbebi SeiWmuxna
medeam, raSi ki sul ufro da
ufro mousvenari xdeboda.
saucbaTod bavSvebis cxedrebs
daxeda dedam. yvelaferi rigze iyo marxilSi da isev gadaafara bavSvebs Ramisferi
ZaZebi da isev cxenTan mibrunda. saidan iyo da saidan ar
iyo, sibnelidan gamoikveTa
kvesiviT brWyviala Tvalebi,
mere TandaTan konturic daixata. medea saxtad darCa dananaxiT, romelic TandaTanobiT TvalnaTlivi xdeboda da
moCvenebis cTomilebis siSoridan sicxadis xilvis gardamaval manZilze gamoCnda.
es ar iyo miraJi, amaSi darwmunda medea maSin, roca Rames
gamoeyo is Cveneba da medeas
miuaxlovda. cxenma Sewyvita
frutuni, is damSvidda. medeamac daSna isev welze gaikeTa da Tqva, - Tvalebi matyuebs, Tu marTla gxedav?! sairxe!!!.
cTan, swored iqedan modioda wyena, Sezavebuli patiebasTan. mSvidoba moutana medeas sairxem, iseTi mSvidoba
Zaladobas rom aqarwylebs
sruliad. TvalebSi uyurebdnen erTmaneTs, ar miiRo medeam mSvidoba, TumcaRa Serbilda misi boRmis gaqaneba.
RvarZliT amRvreuli Tvalebi
sairxem daumSvida da ufro
lamazi gamoCnda medea. cdilobda sairxe SurisZiebis
winswrafvas gadaRobeboda, ver
SesZlo, miuxedavad medeasadmi
Tayvaniscemisa. mis TvalebSi
ankara wyaros ubraloebiT
Sevsili sispetakis mziuri
sxivarekvla da nafiqris cocxlad ametyvelebuli wrfeli da daufaravi patiosneba
imzireboda. aman SeaCera medea
cota xniT.
- saidan mosulxaro, - Tvalebma hkiTxa Tvalebs,- an rogor mi poveo?
- bevri viare, Tu cota viare, vgrZnobdi, amitom gadmovlaxe cxra mTa da cxra zRva.
Senamde unda mometana mTeli
kolxeTio, - upasuxa Tvalebma
Tvalebs.
- Cemi kolxeTi mkvdariao,sinanuliT gadaxeda Tvalebma
Tvalebs. sayveduris mTqmeli
Tvalebi Seageba sairxem medeas, - Sen kolxi xaro da amas,
romc gindodes, verasgziT ver
Secvlio.
- maS, sadaa mama Cemi, an
deda Cemi, an da-Zma Cemi? me
xom yvelani erTdroulad davkarge, Cemi nebiT, Tu garemoebis gamo, amas aRara aqvs mniSvneloba. Svilebic ki, - cremlma
dafara TvalTa simetyvele.
sairxes Tvalebma anugeSa
- warbebi aswia simReris niSnad da CaimRera kolxuri
hangi:
- mze dedaa Cemi,
mTvare mama Cemi,
mocimcime varskvlavebi
da da Zmaa Cemi.
mere medeam xmamaRla uTxra sairxes, - eh, Cemo keTilo sairxe,
kargia, yvelaferi rom gamaxsene, magram raRasTvis? ras margebs me kolxeTi da kolxeTs
ras vargeb me. Cven erTmaneTi
ukve gavwireT - me Cemi TavisuflebisaTvis, man - sakuTari TavmoyvareobisaTvis. ase
rom, dagvianda Seni stumroba CemTan, veRarafers Secvli,
da mitom.
TvalebSi Caxeda sairxem
medeas, scada gadaerwmunebina
igi, medeam ki uTxra, - aq marxilSi mkvdar Svilebs mivasveneb iq, sadac am
cxedrebiT davamarcxeb eladelebs araTu brZoliT, mxolod Cemi gloviT. ver gauZleben eladelebi am samzerals, Tvalebi daewvebaT da
TavianT Svilebs dawyevlian.
- nu izam amas, - TvalebiT
Txova sairxem, - amaRldi sakuTar grZnobebze.
ver gaigo medeam, ra Txova
sairxem, radgan suliT xorcamde gabrjnili iyo SurisZiebis cxoveli wyurvebiT.
mecxre saTqmeli:
sairxe
sairxe mdumared uaxlov-
arc amaRlebula sakuTar
grZnobebze maRla, magram Sercxva ki raRac da isic sairxes
winaSe da sairxesave gamo da
Tavi dauxara sinanuliT. isev
TvalebiT uTxra medeam, –
- Sen Zlieri deda iyavi,
Sengan viswavle SvilebisTvis
brZola. Sen Zlieri iyavi, me
ki lamazi. arada Sen lamazi
xar, me ki Zlieri.
TvalebiT uambo sairxem
igavi, - erTi kaci cxovrobda
sofelSi. mgelTan megobrobda
es kacio. Ram-RamobiT Sejdeboda igi am mgelze da daTareSobda sofel-sofelo. mere
viRac gulovanma kacma es mgeli mokla, koWebi daaWra da
saxlSi waiRo, vinmem ar gaacocxloso mgeli. daRonebula es kaci, Savi nabadi mouxuravs da mesefobis dros
ase gamoudenia saqoneli mdinaris gaRmidan. dauswria mas
TeTrad gamowyobili qalebisTvis saqonlis gamodena. im
weliwads iseTi Zlieri Tovliani zamTari yofila, rom
gauwyvetia sofeli. im TeTrad gamowyobil qalebs rom
gamoedenaT, yvela gadarCeboda
da zamTaric Tbili da uwyinari iqneboda. iara am kacma
ukacur qveyanaSi da erTgan
ezo unaxavs, irmis rqebiT rom
iyo SemoRobili, jixvis rqebiT dawnuli WiSkari ekida.
Sevida am ezoSi da iq dauxvda xorcSesxmul oreulad
gardasaxuli gamgelebuli
zizRi. aRar SerCa am zizRs
aRaravin da TviT sakuTari
Tavi Caamwyvdia sakuTarsave
namoqmedarSi. merme am gamgelebulma zizRma es kaci SeWama. asea, sakuTari dardi SegWams sabolood, jer xom
sxvebs imsxverpleb, mere roca
aRaraferi darCeba, maSin imaze
metad dagamwuxrebs igi, vidre
dRes xaro.
mwared gaeRima medeas, yuri
ar daugdo sairxes, mxolod
moismina misi Tvalebis naTqvami. xmamaRla uTxra medeam
sairxes, - im weliwadsac nabdiani
kaci gamovida zRvidan mesefobisas. Coxa–dampala im TveSi,
iseTi wvimebi wamosula. laSam miambo es ambavi bavSvobisas, me kargad davixsome, mas
ki daaviwyda. rom wamovizardeT, msxverplad Sewirvia vaSas. Semebrala laSa, Cemi keTili megobari, romelmac es
sevdiani ambavi miambo imitom,
rom TviTon daviwyeboda, me
ki mxsomeboda, rogorc misi
saxsovari.
- ra iyoo es ambavi? ukiTxavs sairxes Tvalebs.
- bedgautexeli cixis raindi iyo laSa. im weliwads,
nabdiani kaci rom gamovida
zRvidan, mteri Semoesia cixes,
bedis gatexva ndomiaT Turme. marto yofila raindi cixeSi. damxmare aravin hyolia
Turme. cixis qongurebze arwivebi isxdnen, TviTon laSa
ki Zvalmagaras koSkSi gamagrebula, mteri ki utevda, alya
Semoartya cixes. bedi sasworze SeudviaT da is-is iyo,
unda gaetexaT da mTeli
cxovrebac amiT damTavrdebuliyo, rom TavSesafari dautovebia laSas. vaJkaci iyo
laSa!!! cixidan gasula da
mtris banakSi misula. mxedarTmTavrisTvis mouxsenebiaT
bedgautexeli cixis mcveli
gvnebdebao, SemoixmeT, sityva
aqvs TqvenTvis saTqmelio. Seuxmia TavisTan laSa. Rame
yofila Turme da CiraRdnebis Suqze elavda laSas mgeliviT anTebuli Tvalebi. Seuxedavs misTvis mxedarTmTavars da ufiqria - es is kaci araa, cixes rom ubrZolvelad daTmobso. mere ukiTxavs
- risTvis mewvieo. es icodeo, - uTxrobia laSas, - bedgautexeli cixe iseve ar gatydeba cecxlsa da wyalSi,
haersa da miwaSi, rogorc me
ar gavtydebi da warbic ar
SemiTamaSdebao. esa Tqva da
anTebul CiraRdans SeuSvira
muStad Sekruli marji. laSa
idga mtkiced da Seuryevlad,
Tvalic ar dauxamxamebia, ise
ewvoda xeli. sanTeliviT daiRvenTa jer kani, mere aSiSinda sisxliani xorci, zezeulad Seiwva igi, Seiwva da
daiwva, danaxSira bolos,
Zvalze gadavida cecxli, muSti ki moRerili hqonda da
warbic ar Setokebia laSas.
TvalebSi uyurebda mters da
Tvalebi dauwva mters, ise
dauwva, rom veRar gauZlo
laSas momziralma uricxvi
laSqris mxedarTmTavarma am
sanaxaobas, erTianad daikrunCxa, ifiqrebdi, rom cecxli
laSas ki ara, mas wvavso, daTrgunulma mxedarTmTavarma
bedgautexel cixes moxsna
alya da Sors gadaikarga.
laSam Tavisi xelis simagriT
bedi ar gaatexvina mters.
Tavis xelSi iyo gamagrebuli
bedagautexeloba. mterma araTu Seicno laSas vaJkacoba,
man sakuTar sxeulSi SeigrZno laSaTi bedgautexeli cixis simagre. misi xeli wrfeli iyo da gulic spetaki.
mere iyo da miambo man es
ambavi da Semaswavla TvalebiT mtris gangmirva, TviTon
ki daviwyebia Tavisi Tavgadasavalic da Tavisi Zlevamosilebac. Zvalmagaras koSki laSas msgavsi raindebis magari
ZvlebiT yofila nagebi - RerZi bedgautexelobis. me menaneba laSa, vaSas samsxverploze
Semdgari. bnel RamiT angelozebma aitaces msxverplad Sewiruli ymawvili. mere xSirad vnaxulobdi laSas sizmrebSi Tavisi danaxSirebuli
da Zvalmagrad naqcevi danaxSirebuli muStiT, xanac am
marjze cecxlwakidebuli gamarjvebiT mesaubreboda aTas
rameze. argoze rom viyavi,
kolxeTis sanapiroebis xsovna
isev bedgautexelma cixem ganasaxiera, radgan yvelaze bolos mas Sevxede. nisliT ar
iyo Semosili, magram daRvremili da sevdiani meCvena is.
netav rogoraa axla?- ikiTxa
medeam.
- laSa iyo im moTvinierebuli mglis patroni, sakuTarma sisastikem rom daRupa.
sadac movicvli rqebs, iq xe
amodis, romelsac saxeli ara
aqvs, arc raime foToli da
nayofi xarobs masze, magram
Cemi rqis xe natvris momtania, igi yovelTvis SefoTlilia adamianTa natvris foTlebiT. erTi rqa maqvs cxovelsmyofeli, romelic arasodes ar icvleba. igi laSas
bediviT Cemi Tanamdevia, radgan igi bedgautexeli cixis
mcveli da Zvalmagaras koSkis
saZirkveli iyo. TaviT vatareb mesame rqad cxovelmyofel jvars da igi Senamde
unda mometana, radgan bedgautexeloba me vzide sakuTar
TavSi damaxvilebuli Zvalmagaras koSkis maxviliT. mglis Zalamac, bedis simrTelemac, Zvlis simagremac, laSas
raindobamac CemSi moiyara Tavi, radgan Cemi rqebidan irgveba natvris xeebi da mesame
rqis ukvdaveba Sen unda gadmogceo, - TvalebiT uTxra
siarxem.
- Sen ratom zidav bedgautexelobas, gana ra iqna bedgautexeli cixeo? - TvalebiT
hkiTxa medeam sairxes.
dananebiT daxara Tvalebi
sairxem, mere ki isev Caxeda
TvalebSi medeas da upasuxa, - Senma wyevlam uwia bedgautexel cixeso. is daiqcao,
Sen rom gaSordi kolxeTis
napirebso. nangrevebSi me movyevi da ar davamsxvrie bolomde
bedgautexeloba da me vitvirTe amitom misi zidvao.
dailewa Zvalmagaras koSkis
ZvalTa simagre. mxolodRa
xomlis mTa gadarCa, magram
gadatexili xerxemaliviT, da
igi oTxTa qarTa sambrZanebloa axla. iq dali nadirobs
klde-deda mzeWabukisa. monadireebi loculoben darSi
dalze da mTaTa gamoZaxili
eqod pasuxobs monadireebs
TavianT nalocvarebs - `oo,
dideba mogsvlodes, madli
mogsvlodes, dal ieSxvamisas
dideba, dalo ieSxvamisao, Seni trablas aRebis dro gvaqvs,
karg gulze gvamyofe Cveni
saZmo, liJual saRamos karg
gulze Segvyare erTmaneTs, adamianis sulis samSvidobod
giZRvniT adamianis locvas~.
dalic Seyris oTxTa qarTa
da Seismens locvebs. dalis
TavSesafaric bedgautexeli
cixis Semdeg xomlis mRvimeebia. eqos miaqvs adamianTa nalocvarebi RvTaebamde, esaa
rom xandisxan da ufro metad
eqo ar aRwevs dalamde, dilamde ki loculoben monadireni. vidremdis bedgautexeli
cixe Zvalmagaras godoliT
mtkiced idga, adamianTa bedic
ar gatexila. axla ki yvelaferi Seicvalao.
daRonda medea sairxes motanili ambebis SegrZnebis Semdeg. srulad gaisigrZegana
Tavisi windauxedaobiT gamowveuli Sedegis simZime. erTianad aaforiaqa bedgautexeli cixis daRupvam. erTxans
ifiqra - yvelafers davTmob
da Sin davbrundebio, sulma
wasZlia, da mitom. mere isev
Tavisi satirali gaaxsenda da
isev pirquS medead gadaiqca.
aRar Sebralebia kolxeTi, radgan gulCvilobis sisustis
gamovlenisas wauxdeboda ganzraxva SurisZiebis. mainc ikiTxa
yasidad medeas Tvalebma, - CemTan ratom modio, me
ras mTxovo, bedgautexel cixes me xom ver aRvadgeno, an
rogor, an Tu ratomao?
sairxe aRar xedavda medeas, mxolod uyurebda mas da
eubneboda, - Senma wyevlam uwia kolxur bedgautexelobaso da
Sen unda zido misi marTali
tvirTio. me Senamde movitane igi, raTa erTmaneTs sWirdebiT Tqven. aq euli xar da
yovelTvis euli iqnebio. Sin
dabruneba, bedgautexelobis
tvirTi da sazidariao. dambadebeli Segifarebs da Segiwynarebs. Sens yvela tkivils
gikurnebs da aRar igrZnob
Tavs gaucxoebulad. sisxlis
yivili gixmobs, medea!.
- marTali xaro, sairxev, upasuxa medeas Tvalebma,- sisxlis yivili mixmobs pirvelyovlisa SurisZiebisaTvis.
marxilSi mkvdari Svilebiao.
meaTe saTqmeli:
saRvTo jogi
mkvdari Svilebis xsenebaze sairxem mravalmniSvnelovnad Sexeda medeas da medeam
bevri ram amoikiTxa sairxes
TvalebSi iseTi, risi Tqmac
enas ar SeuZlia da uZluricaa aRweros. erT SemoxedvaSi Caatia sairxem yvelaferi
is, risi sruli gaazreba da
gaxseneba medeas karga xani
dasWirda. da amoikiTxa ai, es:
sairxe Tavdapirvelad iremi yofila Turme lamazi TvalebiTa da cas awvdenili rqebiT. igi furi iyo da mitom
iyo aseoden mimzidveli. amboben, igi TeTri giorgis taZarbeRlebis jogSi Sedioda.
isic Tqmula, rom TviT TeTri
giorgi modenida am jogidan
romelime maTgans Tavis erTerT beRelSi Sesawirad da
gauSvebda mas salocavis galavanSi da daiwyebda coxnas.
nacoxraobasewireboda dambadebels: xalxi Tvals adevnebda samsxverplod sanamdis dainacoxrebda, mere ki daklavdnen TeTri giorgis saxelobaze. ase grZeldeboda JamiT
Jamamdis. monadireebic eridebodnen am jogidan irmis mokvlas, TeTri giorgisa da dalis risxva ar agvcdebao.
msxverplad SewirulTa rqebi
iqve taZar-beRlis galavnis
ezoSi esveneboda didis pativiTa da ridiT. Cveulebrivi
irmebisgan es irmebi imiT gansxvavdebodnen, rom dedal-mamlis ganurCevlad yvelas amodioda rqebi da gansxvavdebodnen imiTac, rom es rqebi cad
izidebodnen rogorc alva.
dedal-mamlis garCeva rqaTa
moyvanilobiTac SeiZleboda
- furis rqebi ganSi itotebodnen da xrmaliviT orlesuli iyo, xarebis rqebi ki
vazis rqebsaviT dagrexiliyo
da camdis adioda Tavisi gantotvebiTac. isini blagvi iyo
da bolo wveroebi wawvetili.
ambobdnen cargvalad megzuri
qud-bedianis xe amova da yvelani RmerTamdis wavalTo.
am jogidan nebismieri irmis naxtomi rZis nakvalevs
tovebda da SeurqmeviaT rZis
gza, xars rom gauvlia am
gzaze xaris naWlikarad gadarqmeula irmis naxtomi.
cis kididan cis kidemdis
gadamxtara giorgiseuli iremi da mTiebis usazRvroeba
Semourkalavs da ganusazRvria xomlTa Tvalsawiersa
da Tvalsawieris miRma usasrulobis farglebi. mTvarem
naTelmosili gaxada misi
rqebi, mzem oqros naperwklebad aqcia naxtomiT Semofargluli misi naCliqaris asxletili mosma da misi haerovneba brWyvialebiT gaaspetaka. irmis naxtomSi ambobdnen - `lamarias Tves amomaswari da jgiragis Tves Camomaswario~. roca Rrubeli dafaravda cargvals da bindi
gawvimebamde gadaekvreboda
cisqveSeTis dRiswuls, gasaocari dasanaxi iyo irmebis
gundi serze moxtunave, wyalmowyurebulni. wvimaSi ki Tavebs maRla aswevdnen da ciur
nams svamdnen, mere gamodarebulze qorfa balaxiT igemrielebdnen pirs. yvela irems
hkidebda pirs mgeli, garda
am saRvTo irmebis jogisa.
RamiTac saRvTo simSvidiT
eZinaT da gafantuliyo maTgan daZabuloba TviTgadarCenis. amitom maTi sxeulebi
erTi erTmaneTze mSvenieri
iyo. isini nebivrobdnen bunebaSi iseTi warmtacebiT, rogoradac ar nebivrobda sxva
arc erTi cxoveli dedamiwaze
gaCenili, rameTu TeTri giorgis saxelze kurTxeuliyvnen.
isini madls swiravdnen gamCens
da rigrigobiT TviTonve ewirebodnen RvTaebas ise, rom
jgrags aRar sWirdeboda maTi
salocavSi modena. romeli
irmis jeric iyo, is gantotvil rqebze sanTlebdanTili,
TavaRerili, Tavisufali nebiT
midioda daTqmul dros taZar-beRelSi. es sanTlebi cidan dafifqul kves-naperwklebs hgavda, RameSi ki mTeli
Tavisi mistiuri didebulebiT warsdgeboda mlocvelebis winaSe. xeli uTrToda
yasabs da amitom mxolod TeTri giorgis maxvili laxvravda msxverplad Sewiruls.
msxverpl-Sewirvis Semdeg sanTlebi uCinardeboda, magram
ar qreboda TviT rqebis zRapruli momxiblaoba. amitom
iyo, rom sanatrioni am rqebis
xeebze aRmocenda.
aravin icoda, vin amagrebda
sanTlebs irmebis rqebze, an
vin anTebda maT da es im
droidan, roca kacma da kacis
Svilma jer kidev ar icoda,
ra iyo cecxli. erTni darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom sanTlebs
TviT TeTri giorgi anTebda,
meoreT sjerodaT, rom isini
TavisiT inTeboda, mesameT miaCndaT, rom yvelafer amas Tavisi didebulebiT TviTSewiruli iremi akeTebda da rogor, es ki ver aexsnaT.
gagrZeleba,
dasawyisi ix. `mamuli~
N48,49,50, 51,52,53
profesori amxels
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
9
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
Tavidanve garkveviT vTqvaT, rom
dRes Cven mkiTxvelTan erTad 1999
wels saqarTveloSi r. burWulaZis
avtorobiT gamocemul `istoriul
kalendars~ vkiTxulobT, da mkiTxvelTan erTad varkvevT Tu sad
moxda avtoris mier istoriis uxeSi damaxinjeba, da saerTod, ramden
kiTxvis niSans vutovebT aseTi gamocemebiT STamomavlobas.
daviwyeb nabij-nabij, analiziT,
raTa mkiTxvels ufro srulyofili warmodgena Seeqmnas xsenebuli
gamocemis irgvliv.
kalendars Tavfurcelze aweria
`es yvelam unda icodes~ da iqve
mkiTxvels sTavazobs i. WavWavaZis
poema `dimitri Tavdadebulidan~
motanil amonawers: `modiT, Svilno,
aq mogrovdiT, getyviT gulis gasaTbobsa, _ vin viyaviT, ra viyaviT
Cven qarTvelni wina drosa...~
SemdgomSi kalendaris avtorSemdgeneli iwyebs saqarTvelos istoriis Txrobas uZvelesi droidan XVIII saukunis bolomde. qarTveli eris am uzarmazari istoriidan avtori exeba umTavress
da ZiriTads, rac, ra Tqma unda, misasalmebeli da mosawonia, Tu kiRa
yovelive rigze iqneboda gakeTebuli da Tanac erovnul-patriotuli
suliskveTebiT. avtoris mizani da
survili swored am amocanis ganxorcielebas isaxavs. magram mas
am saSviliSvilo da didad erovnuli saqmisaTvis saTanadod ver
gaurTmevia Tavi, bevri ram SecdomiT da damaxinjebuladaa warmodgenili, da es mometebulad vlindeba kaxeTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis mimarT SemoTavazebul msjelobebsa da daskvnebSi.
dRes Cven uadgilod, Ria karis
mtvrevad da yovlad zedmetad migvaCnia visaubroT, vimsjeloT da
vi paeqroT didi erekle mefe –
sardlis sayovelTaod gaxmaurebul da mravalgzis aRiarebul brZnul da SorsmWvretel sagareo
politikaze, moqnil di plomatiaze da saxelovan eriskacobaze, gmiroba – vaJkacobaze da mis legendarul omebsa da brZolebze. magram
ra vuyoT da rogor davtovoT
upasuxod saamayo winapris Sesaxeb
gamoTqmuli is Semzaravi msjelobaSefasebani, rac r. burWulaZis kalendarSi gvxvdeba?!
r. burWulaZes erekle II-is mier
warmoebuli samxedro moRvaweobisa
da sagareo politikis Taobaze
qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli dadebiTi Sefaseba gadaWarbebulad miaCnia da gadauwyvetia
moaxdinos maTi `gadafaseba~ da
mkiTxvels daanaxos `realuri~,
`WeSmariti~ da `gauzviadebeli~
mefe-sardlis namdvili saxe. aRniSnul poziciaze mdgari mkvlevari
arafers erideba da `marTlis Tqmis~ platformidan Semdegs acxadebs: `erekle II-is mefobis mimarT
arsebuli Tvalsazrisi SemuSavebulia im Zalis ideologiuri zemoqmedebiT, romel Zalasac erekle IIis politikam SesaZlebloba misca,
rom placdarmi gaeCina amierkavkasiaSi. amitom dRes Secvlil pirobebSi, saWiro xdeba obieqturad
SevxedoT XVIII saukunis saqarTvelos politikur istorias~.
qarTveli xalxis usayvarlesi
mefe-sardlisadmi wayenebul `braldebebidan~ kalendaris Semdgenelgamomcemeli `XVIII saukunis saqarTvelos politikuri istoriidan~
did adgils uTmobs qarTl-kaxeTis
samefoebis erT samefod gaerTianebis erekleseuli naRvaw-nafiqral-naamagaris `Sefasebas~. mkvlevaris mier xsenebuli movlenis
`obieqturad Sexedvis~ Sedegi is
gaxlavT, rom igi erekle mefes
Secdomad uTvlis misi mamis Teimuraz II-is gardacvalebisTanave
qarTlis samefos dakavebas da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis gaerTianebas.
WeSmariti istoriis `Tavdadebuli~ maZiebeli patara kaxs aRiarebs saqarTvelos bagrationTa
taxtis mimtaceblad da qarTlis
taxtis arakanonier mpyrobelad.
Rvawlmosili da amagdari mefisadmi wayenebuli `braldeba~ ZirSive mcdaria, radgan qarTl-kaxeTis
gaerTianebas jer kidev safuZveli
1744 wels Caeyara, roca kaxeTSi
gamefda erekle II, xolo qarTlSi
erekle batoniSvilis mama Teimuraz II. qarTlSi Teimurazis gamefebas mravalma faqtorma Seuwyo
xeli da maTgan erT-erTi is iyo,
rom Teimuraz meore qarTlis mefe
vaxtang VI-is siZe iyo. Teimurazis meuRle Tamar dedofali erTerTi mTavari iniciatori da Tavdadebuli mebrZoli iyo imisaTvis,
rom qarTli da kaxeTi gaerTianebuliyo da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi yofiliyo erTi Zlieri saxelmwifo. `xolo Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, ra uaRresad didi roli
Seasrula anton I-ma qarTl-kaxeTis
gaerTianebis saqmeSi da saerTod,
erekles politikasa da qveynis
marTvaSi, naTlad gamoCndeba, Tu
ra SorsmWvreteluri da brZnuli
iyo es nabiji~ (m. samsonaZe).
qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebisaTvis Tavdadebulad mebrZolni da
dauokeblad mzrunvelni – qarTlis bagrationTa dinastiis brwyinvale warmomadgenlebi: Tamar
dedofali, vaxtang VI-is qaliSvili da Teimuraz ieses Ze (anton
I), `Ze mefisa iesesi~ arian Cveni
eris saamayo mamuliSvilebi, romlebic maSinac da axlac ganasaxiereben progresulad moazrovne
qarTvelobas, romlebic SorsmWvretel da uniWieres politikoss
did erekles 1762 wels qarTlisa
da kaxeTis samefoebis gaerTianebas, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTisa
da baris qarTvelobis erT muStad
Sekvras Secdomad ki ar uTvlian,
aramed erT-erT gonivrul da brZnul nabijad. es sakiTxi Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi
farTod, naTlad, Rrmad da safuZvlianad aris gaSuqebuli da yvela saxelovani mecnieri brZen erekle mefes uwonebs am didad saWiro istoriul gadawyvetilebas.
kalendaris avtori erekle mefes
rasac uwunebs da danaSauladac
ki uTvlis, msgavsi da ufro farTo
masStabiani RonisZiebebi ganaxorciela XVII s-is meore naxevarSi
qarTlis mefem vaxtang V. saqarTvelos gaerTianebis mizniT vaxtang
mefem 14 wlis arCil batoniSvili jer imereTSi gaamefa, xolo
Semdgom kaxeTSi, magram qveynis SigniT reaqcionel TavadaznaurTa aRviraxsnilobam da iran-osmaleTis
aulagmavma winaaRmdegobebma CaSala
es udidesi erovnuli mizandasaxuloba. qarTul istoriografiaSi
vaxtang V-sa da arCil II-is moxseniebuli Tavdauzogavi brZola Sefasebulia progresul da did mamuliSvilur moRvaweobad, ris Sesaxebac kalendarSi avtori arafers ambobs, saTanado popularizacias ar ukeTebs qarTlis bagrationTa aRniSnul brwyinvale Sromasaqmianobas da erekle II-s analogiuri moRvaweobisaTvis uzomo Seuracxyofas ayenebs.
saxelovanma mefe-sardalma qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebiT safuZveli Cauyara saqarTvelos kvlav
gaerTianebas da erTian saxelmwifod Camoayalibebas, rac qarTveli
xalxis sanukvari ocneba iyo dRidan saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebad daSla-daqucmacebulobisa.
TiTqos dadga kidec Jami qarTvelTa didi xnis molodinis aRsrulebisa, roca 1789 wels erekle mefes
dasavleT saqarTvelodan saero da
sasuliero pirTa maRali donis
delegacia estumra da imereT-amereTis gaerTianebis gegma SesTavaza. mefem darbazi moiwvia da sami
dRis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda
azrTa Widili. bolos erekle mefem
sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo uari Tqva
imereT-amireTis gaerTianebaze da
darbazmac Sewyvita muSaoba.
erekle mefem sagangebod dasaja
XVIII s-is 60-ian wlebSi ruseTidan dabrunebuli qarTlis bagrationTa warmomadgenlebi da maTTan
gverdSi mdgomi qarTlis feodaluri aristokratiis zogierTi
reaqcioneli TavadTagani, romlebic
cdilobdnen erekle II-is xelisuflebis damxobas, mefisa da mTeli
misi ojaxis didian-patarianad gawyvetas da qarTlis samefos kvlav
calke samefod gamoyofas. istoriuli kalendaris avtori erekle
mefes SeTqmulTa dasjas did codvad uTvlis da Tavgamodebuli momxrea qarTl-kaxeTis kvlav daSlisa da qarTlis samefos damoukideblad arsebobisa.
mkvlevaris amdagvari damokidebuleba saqarTvelos gamaerTianebeli erekleseuli brwyinvale gadawyvetilebebis mimarT imiT aris
gamowveuli, rom misi Rrma rwmeniT
kaxeTis mmarTveli dinastiis `bagrationTa ganayofad miCneva sakmaod gviandeli gamonagonia~ da aqedan gamomdinare, radgan kaxeTis
samefo dinastia araviTar kavSirSia bagrationTa sagvareulosTan,
erekle mefes valdebulad Tvlis
qarTlis taxti daubrunos bagrationTa qarTlis Stos kanonier
warmomadgenlebs.
erT-erTi mTavari argumenti, rac
mkvlevaris xsenebul pozicias ZirSive abaTilebs aris is, rom kaxeTis samefo dinastia bagrationTa
ganTqmuli sagvareulos yvelaze
Tavankara da wmindaTa-wminda warmomadgenlobaa, vidre qarTlisa da
imereTis bagrationTa romelime
Sto. kaxeTis bagrationebi modian
jer kidev erTiani da ganuyofeli
saqarTvelos mefe giorgi VIII-dan,
romelic kaxeTis samefo dinastias
afuZnebs, rogorc giorgi I. aba,
sxvas vis unda hqonoda yvelaze
didi ufleba da pretenzia saqarTvelos kvlav gaerTianebisaTvis
zrunvisa, Tu ara kaxeTis bagrationebs. sad aris aq ukanonoba da
visimes taxtis mimtacebloba?
kalendaris avtori ruseTisa
da qarT-kaxeTis saxelmwifoebs Soris 1783 wels dadebul, e.w. `mfarvelobiT traqtatsac~ exeba da
aRniSnavs, rom erekle mefem es
xelSekruleba saqarTvelos keTildReobisaTvis ki ar gaaforma
ruseTTan, aramed imisaTvis, rom
mas da mis memkvidreebs qarTlis
taxtis mflobelobis sruli garantia da saimedo javSani hqonodaTo. traqtatis gaformebis wina
periodi marTlac qmnis aseTi gancxadebis uflebas, radgan, rogorc
r. burWulaZe SeniSnavs: `bagrationTa im nawilma, romelmac Tavidan aicila garuseba, saqarTveloSi
CamoaRwia da taxtze Tavisi kanonieri uflebebi ganacxada. aseT
pirobebSi, erekle II-es esaWiroeboda kavSiri ruseTTan ara osmalebisa da iranis winaaRmdeg, romlebic saqarTvelos safrTxes sulac
ar uqmnidnen, aramed esaWiroeboda
mxardaWera taxtis legitimuri
memkvidreebis winaaRmdeg, romelTac
miatoves uperspeqtivo yofna ruseTSi da saqarTveloSi dabrunebas Seecadnen.~ traqtatis dedaazris Taobaze mkvlevari kvlav
agrZelebs msjelobas da zemoTqmuls ufro akonkretebs: `rogorc
Cans, am traqtatis pirobebis SemuSavebis dros misTvis mTavari iyo
ruseTs ecno misi ojaxis uflebebi samefo taxtze, meti araferi~.
mkvlevars Cvenc veTanxmebiT, rom
`traqtatis~ meeqvse muxlSi gamokveTilad aris aRniSnuli qarTlSi
da kaxeTSi erekle mefisa da misi
iseve, rogorc Cveni siwmindeebi, tradiciebi, aseve Cveni qveynis istoriac ar asvenebs mavans da cdilobs aTasi uniWo abdaubda moaxvios Tavs Cvens sazogadoebas.
wina nomrebSi pasuxi gaveciT `qarTlis dedis~,
`vefxistyaosnis~ Seuracxmyoflebs. dRevandel nomerSi ki gvsurs naTeli movfinoT mefe erekle meoris irgvliv qarTul publicistikaSi Seqmnil
wignTagan erTs, istoriis damaxinjebis samarcxvino
mcdelobas.
am sakiTxSi ki Cveni gazeTis megobari, istoriis
mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori valerian
elaniZe dagvexmara, romlis saintereso publikaciasac qvemoT gTavazobT.
diax, erekle meore
Zlieri politikosi
da mxedarmTavari iyo!
memkvidreebis mefobis xelSeuxeblobis Sesaxeb - `uganaTlebulessa
mefesa iraklis TeimurazoviCsa, da
saxlisa misisa memkvidreTa, da menacueleTa, da tomTa, daicavs ucualeblad samefoTa zeda qarTlisa,
da kaxeTisaTa~, magram ra ufleba
gvaqvs `megobrobiTi pirobis~ es
ganacxadi umTavres amocanad vaRiaroT, roca `traqtatis~ 13 muxli
(artikuli) da 4 saidumlo muxli (artikuli) iTvaliswinebs ruseTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifoebis ormxriv valdebulebebs, TiToeul muxls Tavisi datvirTva
da Sinaarsi aqvT da yvela maTgan
gamomdinare umTavresi mainc is
aris, rom qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifo Sedis ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi, xolo ruseTi kisrulobs
qarTl-kaxeTis dacvas gareSe mtrebis Tavdasxmebisagan da sxva mravali. TviTon me-6 muxlSic ki aRniSnulTan erTad, ruseTi kisrulobs
qarTl-kaxeTis dacvas sparseTisa,
osmaleTisa da `sxuaTa mpyrobelTa~ Semosevebisagan.
Tu risTvis gaformda ruseTisa
da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebs Soris
`mfarvelobiTi traqtati~ mravalgzis aris aRniSnuli Cveni saxelovani mecnierebis mier. akad. iv.
javaxiSvili SeniSnavs, rom: `am
xelSekrulebis mizani saqarTvelosTvis imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
ruseTis saxelmwifo saqarTvelos
miwa-wylisa, mezoblebisa da mtrebisagan dacvas kisrulobda. magram
erekle mefes marto amisTvis ar
daudvia es xelSekruleba: mas ufro farTo da SorsmWvreteli mizani hqonda dasaxuli: qarTvelobis
gaerTianebisa da sruliad saqarTvelos aRdgenaze ocnebobda~
kalendaris Semdgenel-gamomcemeli erekle mefes imaSic sdebs
brals, rom Turme sworad ver Seafasa ereklem totlebenis avantiuristuli mizandasaxulobis arsi
saqarTvelos mimarT, ramac mefes
misca imis safuZveli, rom ruseTs
ndoboda, misi mfarvelobis imedi
hqonoda da traqtatic imitom
gaaforma mefis ruseTTano. `erekle
II-is, rogorc politikuri moRvawis Secdoma iqidan momdinareobs,
rom man ver dainaxa kanonzomieri
kavSiri ruseTis saxelmwifo interesebsa da totlebenis moqmedebas Soris da mainc ecada daedo
cnobili 1783 wlis traqtatio~.
gmirma mefe-sardalma im mSfoTvare da cxel dReebSive zustad
da srulyofilad Seafasa generali totlebenis saqmianobis, misi
avantiurizmis ruseTis saxelmwifodan momdinareobis Sesaxeb, ris
gamoc igi maSinve sagangebod alagma,
sakadrisad SeboWa da aiZula qarTl-kaxeTis samefodan saswrafod
wasuliyo. igi dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida, xolo iqidan maleve ruseTis xelisuflebam ukan
gaiwvia da mis nacvlad generali
xuxotini gamoagzavna.
didi xania sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebma,
mama-Svilma, Teimuraz II-em da erekle II-em, XVIII saukunis 40-50-ian
wlebSive did warmatebebs miaRwies
qveynis yvela sferoSi da amierkavkasiaSi TiTqmis uciloblad iTvlebodnen upirveles mefe-sardlebad. ganjis, erevnis da naxWevanis
saxanoebi qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis moxarkeni Seiqmnen da TandaTan
ufro Zlierdeboda orive samefo
da aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo amierkavkasiaSi pirvelobda samxedropolitikuri Tu qveynis aRmSeneblobis TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad
xsenebuli warmatebebisa, Teimuraz
II da erekle II SesaniSnavad erkvevodnen samSoblos SesaZleblobebSi
da dauRalavad zrunavdnen qarTlkaxeTis dakavSirebas erTmorwmune
ruseTTan da evropis qveynebTan.
am mizniT, jer kidev 1752 wels
qarT-kaxeTis mefeebma elCebi gaagzavnes ruseTSi da jariT an fuliT daxmareba iTxoves. imxanad
ruseTma qarTl-kaxeTs veraviTari
daxmareba ver aRmouCina. 1760
wels Teimuraz mefe TviTon wavida ruseTSi, magram amjeradac qarTkaxeTma veranairi daxmareba ver
miiRo ruseTisagan. erekle mefem,
axla ukve qarTl-kaxeTis mefem,
1772-1773 wlebSi ruseTSi gaagzavna sakmaod avtoritetuli elCoba, romelsac Tan axlda Tavisi
amala. xsenebulma elCobam ruseTis
samefo kars warudgina e.w. `saTxovris punqtebi~, romliTac qarTl-kaxeTis samefo iTxovda ruse-
Tis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlas da ruseTisagan iseT daxmarebas, rac
qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifos mudmivad arsebobisa, Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da daubrkoleblad winsvlis
myar garantias Seuqmnida. samagierod, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo mraval
valdebulebas kisrulobda ruseTis sasargeblod. ruseTis xelisuflebam qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
Txovna kvlav uyuradRebod datova
da qveynis elCoba xelmocaruli
dabrunda samSobloSi. dro ki ar
iTmenda da dauyovnebliv moiTxovda saqarTvelos dakavSirebas romelime Zlier saxelmwifosTan. es
yovelive maSin xdeba, roca qarTlkaxeTis saxelmwifo garegnulad
iTvleboda erT-erT Zlier da angariSgasawev saxelmwifod. magram
brZenma erekle mefem, yvelasagan
gansxvavebiT, kargad icoda, rom Tu
Tavis qveyanas saimedo da Tanac
Zlier mokavSires ar mouZebnida,
is veRar gauZlebda daRestanidan
damSeul da gamZvinvarebul lekTa
urdoebis ganuwyvetel TareSs da
spars-osmalTa mier ramdenjerme
wilxvedri `saqarTveloebis~ sruli daufleba-dapatronebisaTvis
dauokebel ltolvas.
aseT urTules viTarebaSi myofma erekle mefem 1781 da 1782 wlebSi gadawyvita kavSiri daemyarebina evropis saxelwifoebTan da maTgan mieRo saWiro daxmareba. erekle mefe evropeli xelmwifeebisagan sesxad Txoulobda fulad
daxmarebas, romliTac igi ramdenime polks evropulad gawvrTnida
da maTi saSualebiT Sinaur da
gareSe mtrebs alagmavda, qveyanas
sazRvrebs gaumagrebda da saxelmwifos Semdgomi winsvlisaTvis
saTanado pirobebs Seuqmnida. erekle mefis aseTi damokidebuleba
evropisadmi im dauokebeli survilis ganxorcielebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili, rac Tavis droze kargad
SeniSna saqarTveloSi myofma rusma
polkovnikma burnaSovma da Tqva
kidec mefis am ganzraxvisa da survilis Sesaxeb: `erekle mefe ise
arafrisaken ar miiswrafoda, rogorc Tavisi xalxis evropulad
gardaqmnisakeno~.
erekle mefis ltolva evropisaken marcxiT damTavrda. vera da
ver moxerxda evropis romelime
saxelmwifosTan dakavSireba. maSin
evropam saqarTvelosTvis ver moicala. aseT viTarebaSi myofi erekle mefis karze stumrobas mouxSires rusma moxeleebma, mogzaurebma, vaWrebma, elCebma da sxvadasxva rangis pirovnebebma, magaliTad,
doqtorma iakob raingesma da sxva.
yvela eseni ruseTis xelisuflebis
mier igzavnebodnen, magram ise gasaidumloebulad da konspiraciulad, rom es yovelive erekles da
mis garemocvas ar unda scodnodaT. ruseTidan Semogzavnilni
`urCevdnen erekles eTxovna ruseTis xelmwifis mfarveloba. aimedebdnen, rom Zlieri mokavSiris
daxmarebiT saqarTvelo yvela siZneles advilad dasZlevda, mSvidobasa
da keTildReobas eweoda~.
ai mkiTxvelo, rogor urTules
viTarebaSi xdeba 1783 wlis traqtatis gaformeba ruseTsa da qarTl-kaxeTs Soris. ismeba kiTxva,
hqonda ki sxva gza da saSualeba
gmir mefes raTa uari eTqva ruseTTan samfarvelo xelSekrulebis
dadebaze da sxva romelime qveyana
gamoenaxa am saqmisaTvis? rogorc
iTqva, evropas maSin Cveni daxmareba arc SeeZlo da saqarTvelos
Rirsebas, mis geopolitikur mniSvnelobas rogorc sinamdvilidan
Cans, is verc afasebda, rogorc
dRes. rCeboda sparseTi da TurqeTi.
maT mier Cveni qveynisadmi saukuneebis manZilze Tavs datexili
uricxvi ubedureba da saqarTvelosaTvis mravalgzis miyenebuli ganukurnebel-mouSuSebeli Wrilobebi samarTlianad zaravda erekle
mefes, mis TanagundelT, saRad moazrovne mamuliSvilTa aTaseulebs
da arc ki ufiqriaT maTTan samSoblos Taobaze raime damaimedebeli
urTierTobis damyarebis Sesaxeb.
sakuTar Zalebs dayrdnobodnen da
aravisTan mfarveloba-mokavSireobaze ar efiqraT. swored es iqneboda Cveni imdroindeli winaprebisaTvis politikuri sibece da Tavisi qveynis likvidacia-damxobamospobisaTvis noyieri niadagis Seqmna. maSindeli qarTl-kaxeTis mosaxleoba sul raRac 200-250 aTas
suls Zlivs iTvlida da maTgan
mefes gana ramdeni meomari unda
gamoeyvana, rom saTanadod gamklaveboda Sinaur da gareSe mters da
saimedod daecva qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifoebrioba da misi damoukidebloba. radgan sakuTar Zalebze
dayrdnobiT gamoricxuli iyo qarTl-kaxeTis damoukideblobis SenarCuneba, ra Tqma unda, erekle mefes, mis TanamebrZolebs da qarTveli sazogadoebis mowinave nawils
daugvianeblad, gadaudeblad da radac ar unda dajdomodaT qveynisaTvis mfarveli da saimedo mokavSire unda gamoeZebnaT. aseT saxelmwifod, romelic sparseTTan da
TurqeTTan SedarebiT naklebi borotebis momtani iqneboda, saqarTvelosaTvis rCeboda mxolod ruseTis imperia, radgan mas qarTvelTa
msgavsad marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba hqonda, TurqeT-iranTan
SedarebiT yvela sferoSi sakmaod
ganviTarebuli iyo da gaaCnda evropis mowinave qveynebis kulturasTan miaxlovebuli swavla-ganaTlebis sanimuSo warmatebebi. erekle
mefis mier saqarTvelos bedis ruseTTan dakavSirebis Taobaze msjelobisas Cveni drois gamoCenilma
mweralma lado mrelaSvilma didebulad gaanaliza veeberTela datvirTvis mqone erekleseuli gadawyvetilebebis raobis sakiTxi: `saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis istoriis bolos, is aRmoCnda gzajvaredinze, sadac zRaprul qvasaviT
iyo Casmuli warweriani lodi.
lodi sam gzaze miuTiTebda, aqedan
ori Cveulebriv, ueWvel sikvdils
iuwyeboda, mesame ki friad saWoWmano gaxldaT - aqeT waxval inaneb,
- ar waxval, - mainc inanebo! da
ereklem mesame gza airCia, radgan
igi ara marto ubadlo meomari
iyo, aramed kargi politikosic.
es arCevani umtkivneulod ar momxdara. Tavisi xalxis momavalze
fiqrma bevri uZilo Rame aTevina
da, raki icoda: zRvaSi dasaxrCobad
ganwiruli kaci gvelsac ki stacebs xels, brZnulad daaskvna: boroti kaci, - uborotes kacsa sjobiao~. mwerali xsenebul sakiTxze
msjelobas Semdegi daskvniT amTavrebs: `mas Semdeg, rac Turqulma
iataganma evropisken gasasvleli
Caxerga, ori gzaRa darCa qarTvel
xalxs : an namazis Sesasruleblad,
pirqve damxobils, alahisaTvis dReSi xuTjer eCvenebina cisken aSverili ukanali, an sakuTari RmerTis
win moeyara muxli drodadro.
ereklem ukanaskneli airCia~.
roca erekle mefis pirovnebas
vexebiT da TviTeul CvenTaganSi
did interess iwvevs xolme mis
mier ruseTTan warmoebuli sagareo
politika, samarTlianad gviCndeba
kiTxva, marTali iyo Tu ara mefe
erekle am arCevanSi? xsenebuli
kiTxva misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvidan gamomdinare imdenad mravalwaxnagovania,
rom albaT, vidre saqarTvelo iarsebebs, am sakiTxis irgvliv azrTa
sxvadasxvaoba yovelTvis iqneba.
amasTanave, Tu romelime mkvlevari
Seecdeba damtkicebas, rom erekle
mefem didi Secdoma dauSva ruseTTan 1783 wlis traqtatis dadebiT, manve unda gasces pasuxi im
kiTxvasac, Tu ruseTis nacvlad
iranul-Turquli orientacia ra
`sikeTes~ moutanda saqarTvelos.
kalendaris avtor-Semdgeneli
zedapirul interess iCens erekle
II-is moRvaweobis droindeli urTulesi epoqis srulyofili gaanalizebis TvalsazrisiT da sicocxleSive legendad qceuli mefetitanis moRvaweobis irgvliv sxvadasxva rangis `saxelmZRvanelo~
daskvnebs gvTavazobs. mas ver warmoudgenia sxvagvari Sefaseba mouZebnos erekle mefis mier arCeul
rusul orientacias, Tu ara is
`rom swored misi politikis uSualo Sedegs warmoadgenda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargva~. amave poziciidan mkvlevari sxva braldebasac
uyenebs did winapars da Semdeg
ganacxads akeTebs: `movlenaTa ganviTarebam erekle II-is memkvidreebi miiyvana 1801 wlamde, rodesac
isini ukve Tanaxma iyvnen saqarTvelos samefo mTlianad CaebarebinaT
`rusT xelmwifisaTvis~ da samagierod ruseTis Sida raionebSi
soflebi mieRoT~
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos aneqsia
da qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis
gauqmeba mefis ruseTma rogorc
samefo saxlis wevrTa, ise qarTveli xalxis sawinaaRmdegod ganaxorciela. qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifos gauqmebisa da ruseTTan
misi SeerTebis Sesaxeb pavle Iisa da aleqsandre I-is manifestebi ise momzadda da gamoica kidec,
rom sank-peterburgSi myof qarTlkaxeTis samefos elCebisaTvisac ki
araferi ukiTxavT da arc SeuTanxmebiaT. msgavsad moiqca carizmis
xelisufleba maSinac, roca moulodnelad da elvis siswrafiT
daiwyo qarTl-kaxeTis samefo saxlis wevrTa ruseTSi gadasaxleba.
rogorc akad. n. berZeniSvili SeniSnavs `Tavisi nebiT ruseTs wasvla arcerT samefo saxlis wevrs
ar surda~ da TiToeuli maTgani
yvela Rones mimarTavda, raTa samSobloSi darCeniliyo da rogorme
SeenarCunebina qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba. kalendaris avtor-Semdgeneli ki sruliad sawinaaRmdegod msjelobs da SecdomaSi Seyavs mkiTxveli sazogadoeba, radgan qarTuli istoriografia msgavs
arafers icnobs. Cven gancvifrebulni varT ase upasuxismgeblo
gancxadebisaTvis, radgan ar moiZebneba arc erTi ufliswulTagani, romelic Tanaxma yofiliyo saxelmwifoebriobis nebayoflobiT
gauqmebisa.
kalendaris Semdgenel-gamomcemeli Semdgom iwyebs saxelovani
winapris mxedarmTavruli niWisa
da misi legendaruli brZolebis
Taobaze cinizmiTa da RvarZliT
Sezavebul msjelobas da gulismogebiT, mtris gasaxarad Semdegs kadrulobs: `rac Seexeba erekle IIis gadaxdil `as oms~, es yvelaferi mxolod poeturi gamonagonia.
Tavisi moRvaweobis dasawyisSi is
damarcxda haji-CelebTan, 1795
wels ki aRa-mahmadxanTan. xolo
SuaSi Tu aspinZis brZolaSi gaimarjva, nurc imas daviviwyebT, rom
am brZolas xelmZRvanelobda misi
siZe, ruseTis kavaleriis yofili
oficeri daviT orbeliani. rac
Seexeba im faqts, rom am brZolaSi
erekle II-m orTabrZolaSi mokla
lekTa razmis beladi, es gansakuTrebul Rirsebas ar unda warmoadgendes, radganac XVIII saukunis
aRmosavleTSi kargad iyo cnobili qarTveli meomris Rirsebani~.
saRad moazrovne yvela qarTveli da, albaT, Zalian bevri, saqarTveloSi da Cveni qveynis gareT
mcxovrebi araqarTvelic ki, vinc
sakmarisad icnobs erekle II-is
droindel epoqas da im urTules
viTarebaSi saxelovani mxedarTmTavris muxlCauxrel da Tavdadebul moRvaweobas, aRSfoTdeba da
gakvirvebiT ikiTxavs, Tu vin aris,
es realuri WeSmaritebis usircxvilod uarmyofeli, romelic
samamulo da ucxoel mecnierTa
mier gamoCenil politikur moRvawed da sayovelTaod cnobil mxedarTmTavrad aRiarebul eriskacs,
augad moixseniebs da daumsaxureblad ayenebs Seuracxofas.
gana SeiZleba gmirTa-gmir erekle mefes xmali da marjvena dauwuno, riTac didi winapari sayovelTaod iyo aRiarebuli?
profesori mamia dumbaZe aRniSnavs: `50-iani wlebidan araCveulebrivad gaizarda erekle meoris avtoriteti axlo aRmosavleTsa da
evropaSi. swored am dros daistamba frang komersant peisonelis
wigni, evropa gaecno erekles, rogorc epoqis gamoCenil sardalsa
da saxelmwifo moRvawes. germaneli mwerlis lesingis erTi dramidan Cans, rom germaneli mxedrebi,
romelnic saxelis moxveWaze ocneboben, germaniidan gamoparvas apirebdnen, rom `princ erekles mTavarsardlobiT erTxel mainc gaelaSqraT
Turqebis winaaRmdeg~.
(dasasruli
Semdeg nomerSi)
10 17 oqtomberi - wm. SuSanikis xsenebis dRea
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
adamiani,
sicocxle,
wuTisofeli...
wuTisofeli! ucnaurad uzustesi saxeli adamianis wil-kerZi
sicocxlisa!
`wuTisofeli ra ari? - agorebuli qva ari,
ra wamsac davibadebiT, iqve saflavi mza ari...~@
`Cveni miwieri yofa mgzavrobas
hgavs da, amitomac, visac ar axsovs,
rom igi stumaria wuTisoflisa
da, dRes Tu xval, maradiul cxovrebas unda eziaros, gamousworebel Secdomas uSvebs~ (sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi,
uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II).
`yvelaferi SedegiT izomebao~,
- Tqmula, arc procesia umniSvnelo, miT ufro, rom im procesze
hkidia Sedegis av-kargi.
am codva-madliT savse wuTisofelSi uWirs adamians iyos iseTi,
rogoric dambadebelma Seqmna. maxsendeba erTi sasowarkveTili sulis amoZaxili:
`RmerTo, nuTu, aseTi Caifiqre
adamiani, rodesac qmnidi?!~
vis ar gvsurs viyoT kargebi,
ukeTesebi, saukeTesoebi?!
gviWirs ki, gveZneleba ki!
`ara kac hkla!~ - gvaswavlian
da... Cven mainc vklavT; vklavT
tyvia-wamliT, sityviT, usityvod,
saqmiT, usaqmurobiT...
`giyvardeT, kacno, erTmaneTi~, gviTxres da Cven...
Cven ver mogvixerxebia siyvaruli, erTurTis gatana, guliTadoba,
gulisxmiereba, gulmodgineba...
gamosavali?!
sad aris gamosavali?!..
`re-li-gia~ RmerTTan adamianis
darRveuli kavSiris aRmdgeni `bewvis xidi~ mgonia - vis Cautydeba
da vis miznamde bednierad miiyvans.
Cveni religia siyvarulia, radgan
siyvarulia RmerTi qristianobisa.
siyvaruli ki erTgulebiT cxaddeba, zrunviT cxaddeba, rwmeniT
cxaddeba; rwmeniT imisa, rom ukeTureba aucileblad daiZleva sakuTar sulSi, pirvel-yovlisa, aqtiursikeTeobis madliT.
erT-erTi uZvelesi qarTuli hagiografiuli Txzuleba, iakob curtavelis (xucesis) `wamebai wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisai~ is
ukvdavi klasikaa, romelic yovelTvis, yoveldros, yovelgan `sulispurad~ gauxdeba mkiTxvels.
vaxsenoT RmerTi da mkiTxvelis
Zneli siamovneba vigemoT am uZveles ZeglTan SexvedriT. mTavari
gmiri, SuSaniki, istoriuli piria,
somexTa mxedarTmTavris, vardan mamikonianis asuli da qarTlis pitiaxSis, varsqen arSuSas Zis meuRle.
SuSaniksa da varsqens oTxi Svili hyavdaT, cxovrobdnen daba curtavSi (samxreT-aRmosavleTi qarTli), romelic me-5 saukunis meore naxevarSi erT-erTi Zlieri saqristiano centri gaxldaT.
sparsTa mefis, perozis mefobis
me-8 (467) wels varsqen pitiaxSi
gaemgzavra qalaq ktezifons, `karad
samefod~, sadac uaryo qristianoba, miiRo cecxlTayvanismcemloba,
meore colad SeirTo sparsTa mefis asuli (somxuri versiiT sidedri), Semdeg ki qarTlSi dabrunda.
SuSanikma roca Seityo qmris
Ralati da sarwmunoebis uaryofa,
maSinve saxlidan wavida protestis
niSnad da eklesiis maxloblad
mdebare erT saxlaks Seafara Tavi.
curtavSi mosulma varsqenma gigo Tu ara colis gandgomis ambavi, ganrisxda da SeuTvala sasaxleSi dabrunebuliyo, magram gandgomili dedofali qmris risxvas ar
SeuSinda da uari SemouTvala.
amis gamo, ramdenjerme scema cols
umowyalod, fexSiSveli aTria ZeZvebzec ki. roca misi nebisyofa
ver gatexa, dilegSi daamwyvdia
samudamod.
SuSaniki fizikur tanjvasa da
Seuracxyofas moTminebiT itanda,
Tavs locviT inugeSebda. imis imediT, rom amqveyniuri tanjviT, saiqioSi maradiul netarebas moipovebda. kiTxulobda saxarebas, `mowameTa wignebs~ da galobda fsalmunebs, romelnic zepirad icoda.
mtkice sarwmunoebrivi erTgulebiT mTel qarTlSi gaiTqva saxeli da xalxis TanagrZnobac moipova. eqvsi weli dahyo dilegSi
patimrad da, roca me-7 weli dadga, 475 wlis 17 oqtombers, nagvemnawamebi da xangrZlivi marxulobis gamo ganleuli dedofali gardaicvala.
`ukueTu suliTa cxovel ars
igi, cocxlamca xarT igica da
Senca, ukueTu suliTa momkudar
xarT, mokiTxvai ege Seni Senadve
moiqecin~, - ai, esaa is pirveli
sityvebi, SuSanik dedoflisagan rom
gvesmis nawarmoebidan, - sityvebi
mkacri da Seuvali, uSeRavaTo da
mrisxane. amitomac aRar gvikvirs,
rom `kacman man (varsqenis msaxurma) ver ikadra sityvad misa~.
meored, mkiTxveli dedofals uaRresad SeZrwunebuls vxedavT davardnils `queyanasa zeda~, `cremliTa mwariTa~ mosTqvams varsqenis
sulieri dacemis gamo.
...Semdgom `aRdga da dauteva
taZari Tvisi da, RmrTis moSiSebiT, eklesiad Sevida~, SvilebTan
erTad, sadac loculobs daucadeblad.
da, ai, erTaderTi Strixi, romelic SuSanikis qaluri bunebis
`iwroebas~ (sisaTuTes) gamoxatavs,
- eklesiis maxloblad `saxlaki erTi mcire~ moiZia, Sevida Sig
`simwariTa savse da mieyrdna yuresa
erTsa da mwariTa cremliTa tiroda~.
merme modis ucnauri mwerlu-
mohyavT SuSaniki
tanjuli, gvemuli...
foTolni tirian
oqrosferisani...
nislebs efareba
cai didebuli,
qarma Searxia
rtoi Zewnisai.
mTaTa moixades
gvirgvinni mefurni,
TvalTa sxivi mowyda
elvarebisai...
tirian, moTqvamen
`dedani zepurni~.
tirian yvavilni
cxared velisani...
martvils moacilebs
qari mgloviare,
krZalviT kars uReben
Zalni zecisani...
ros, `viTarca cofi,
bdRuenda pitiaxSi~,
qarma gadaxara
rtoi Zewnisai...
ilocvideT CemTvis! uTxra mtiral xalxsa.
xeni Tavebs xrian
ZaZiT Senamkobni mokvda SuSaniki
TTuesa sTulisasa
da cxovrebas misas
werda iakobi...
ana kalandaZe
`SuSanikis wamebis~
wakiTxvis erTi SesaZlo cda
xdty lf bcbyb
ri talantiT daRdasmuli dialogi SuSanik dedofalsa da iakob
curtavels Soris. Rrma qveteqstebi moqmed pirTa sulis moZraobas
warmogvidgens. dialogis dasasruls, iakob curtaveli Seecdeba
kidev erTxel gauTvaliswinos varsqenis `mware gonebisagan~ mosalodneli saSiSroeba - `gvemasa
da tanjvasa didsa~ SegamTxvevso,
- eubneba dedofals.
es ukanaskneli ki etyvis, - `umjobeis ars Cemda xelTa misTagan
sikvdili, vidre Cemi da misi Sekreba da warwymeda sulisa Cemisa.
rameTu masmies me pavleis mociqulisagan - `ara damonebul ars Zma,
gina dai, aramed ganeyenen!~
`me vTqvi, `egreT ars~, - dasZens
iakob curtaveli.
sainteresoa, rom imave pavle mociqulTan aseT rasmes vkiTxulobT:
`dedakaci, romelsac urwmuno
qmari hyavs da surs masTan cxovreba,
nu datovebs qmars, vinaidan urwmuno qmari morwmune colisagan
ganiwmindeba, sxvanairad Tqveni Svilebia ra wmindani iqnebian~ (1 korinTelTa mimarT, Tavi 12-14).
mxolod am azrs mosdevs SuSanikis mier damowmebuli zemomoxmobili citata:
`magram Tu urwmunos surs gayra,
gaeyaros; aseT viTarebaSi Zma an
da damonebulni ar arian, rameTu
mSvidobisaken mogviwoda RmerTma~
(1 kor., 6-15).
urwmuno varsqens rom ar surs
gayra? ratomRa aqtiurobs SuSaniki?!
amasve gvaswavlis ufali sxvaganac, araerTxel:
`Tu Tqvenis mxriv SesaZlebelia,
yvela adamianTan mSvidobianad iyaviT. Surs nu iZiebT TqvenTvis, sayvarlebo, aramed adgili mieciT
uflis risxvas. vinaidan weria:
Cemia Surisgeba da me mivageb~ambobs ufali.
amitom, Tu Seni mteri mSieria,
daapure; Tu swyuria, daalevine;
rameTu, amis gakeTebiT nakverCxlebs
agroveb mis Tavze. ar dagZlios
borotma, aramed Sen sZlie borots
keTiliT (romaelTa mimarT, T.12,
18-21), `vinaidan RmerTi uwesrigobisa ki ar aris, aramed - mSvidobisa~ (1 korinTelTa mimarT, 15,33).
maS, ratom miatova SuSanikma
qmari da, swored maSin, roca yvelaze
metad sWirdeboda eSmakTagan Zleul varsqens morwmune meuRlisagan sulis kurneba?
ratom mrisxanebs egzom usazRvrod SuSaniki?
`odes yofil ars aqamomde, Tuca mamaTa da dedaTa erTad eWama
puri?~ - `hrqva... wmidaman SuSanik risxviT... da ganyarna xeli
da Wiqa igi pirsa Sealewa da
Rvino igi daiTxia~.
`netar iyvnen mSvidni~, - gvaswavlis ufali.
SuSaniki ar aris mSvidi.
rodesac iakob curtaveli malulad ixilavs nagvem SuSaniks,
`dabZarulsa da gansivebuls~, `aRuteve xma da vtirodio~, - ityvis.
pasuxad SuSanikis mravlismetyveli xma gvesmis - `nu stir
CemTvis, rameTu dasabam sixarulisa iqmna Cemda Rame ese~. amis Semdeg,
xSirad gvetyvis moZRvari Tavisi
sulieri Svilis Sesaxeb, msgavs
tragikul SemTxvevebSi, - `xolo
man ganixara friad da madli misca
RmerTsa...~
xolo maSin, rodesac SuSaniks
auwyes: `Svilni igi Senni miaqcia
mogobaso~, rjuli Seacvlevinao
Sens Svilebs, wamierad isev `uwindeburi~ SuSanikis mxilvelni
vxdebiT:
`iwyo Tayvanis-cemad RmrTisa
mimarT tiriliTa didiTa da Tavsa
Tvissa qve-damarT scemda~, magram
es mxolod wamierad. Semdgom `su-
lTiTqvna da Tqva: gmadlob Sen,
ufalo RmerTo Cemo, rameTu iyvnesve
ara Cemni, aramed Senni mocemulni
iyvnes. viTarca gnebavs, iyavn neba
Seni, ufalo, da me damicev saqmeTagan mtrisaTa~.
SuSaniki dedofali da SuSaniki mowame - ori, arsebiTad, gansxvavebuli movlenaa. ramdenadac ukompromiso da Seuvali, pativs Cveuli da mrisxanea pirvel, imdenad
sulgrZeli da qristianulad moyvasia meore SemTxvevaSi. albaT, amiTac aixsneba radikalurad gansxvavebuli reaqciebi or, faqtobrivad,
erTgvarovan movlenaze - qmrisgan
rjulis Secvlaze, erTi mxriv, da
Svilebis gamazdeanebaze, meore
mxriv. Torem, xom ar SeiZleba pirveli movlena ufro mtkivneulad
ganecada, vidre meore?!
Cveni azriT, aq unda iyos saZiebo iakob curtavelis, rogorc hagiografis mizandasaxuleba - gviCvenos saswaulmoqmedi cxovelmyofeloba qristianobisa (religiisa,
romelsac siyvarulis RvTaebrivi
ZaliT xelewifeba adamianis sulis aRorZineba - asxivosneba, borotis daTrgunva da keTilis aRzeveba ara mxolod makrokosmosSi,
obieqtur realobaSi, aramed yvelgan
da, upirveles yovlisa, adamianis
sulSi), Tuki TviTon adamiani ar
ganudgeba RmerTs da erTguli iqneba misi. es ki Zviri erTgulebaa,
romelic, arcTu iSviaTad, adamianis sicocxles iTxovs msxverplad. ras vizamT, `vardni ueklod
aravis moukrefia~, maradiuli sasufevlis mosapoveblad ki Rirs wuTisoflis, satanis sauflos gawirva.
`xuces, nu mZime giCn ese, rameTu mun igi matli udides ars da
ara mokvdebis... rad mwuxare xar?
vidre ukvdavTa maT matlTa SeWmasa, umjobes iyavn amaT mokvdavTa
SeWma aqave amas cxovrebasa~, - ase
etyvis nagvemi SuSaniki iarebze
daseuli matlis xilviT SeZrwunebul iakobs. ase swams SuSaniks,
ase swams iakob curtavels da siyvarulis uZlevelobis am rwmeniT
cdilobs mkiTxvelic aRvsebasac.
amitom daiwera, albaT, `SuSanikis wameba~ - `Wiri qmnis moTminebas, moTmineba - gamocdilebas, gamocdileba - imeds~ (romaelTa mimarT,
5, 3-4).
personaJebze dakvirveba, aucilebeli procesi nawarmoebis aRqma-gaazrebisaTvis, maTi (am moqmed
pirTa) nawarmoebSi pirveli gamoCenidan iwyeba. mogvwons, an miuRebelia maTi sityva-moqmedebani CvenTvis, mkiTxvelisaTvis da ase, TandaTan ikveTeba Cveni warmodgenebi
maTze. literaturul nawarmoebTa personaJebis warmosaxvaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, im erTaderT sityvier miniSnebebs eZlevaT, romlebiTac warmogvidgens avtori maT,
avtoriseuli daxasiaTebis, personaJTa urTierTdaxasiaTebisa Tu
e.w. avtodaxasiaTebis saxiT.
am TvalsazrisiT, Janris Taviseburebebis gamo, gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme hagiografiaSi. aq mxolod ori feriT
wamoCndeba boroteba da sikeTe SaviTa da TeTriT. am Janris nawarmoebTa personaJebi an mxolod
`kargebi~, an mxolod `cudebi~ SeiZleba iyvnen. `saSualo~ an `gardamavali~ maT Soris ar arsebobs.
am azriT gamorCeulad sainteresoa e.w. `mTavari uaryofiTi personaJi - varsqen pitiaxSi, Zei arSuSaisi~.
`ukeTurebisa mis saxisa qmrisa
misisaisa~ mudam guls tkenda SuSaniks. marad evedreboda RmerTs,
varsqenisaTvis loculobda, `raTamca cvala igi RmerTman saxisa misgan ugunurebisa da iqmnamca gonierebisa qristessa~.
ni nu ganaSorebT~, movaleobebi...
movaleobebi ki uflebebSi arevia
da... `eSmaki Txrida gulsa missa~,
gonebadabnelebuls~...
varsqeni ucnaurad sastikia da
cinikosi: `he, he. ganisuene!~ - etyvis
pasuxad jaWviT daborkil SuSaniks,
roca am ukanasknels mowamis utexi
rwmeniT aRmoxdeba - `me amas mxiarul var, raTa aqa vitanjo da mun
ganvisveno~ (`mun~ - iq, saiqioSi).
morigi wamebidan mesame kviris
Tavs mcvels dedoflisas ekiTxeba:
`aqamomde cocxalRa arsa sawyalobeli igi?~
pasuxi uimedoa da... varsqenis
xma gvesmis isev: `nurarai gglian
(nuraferi gadardebs)! ute, mokudes!~ gana yvelafris miuxedavad,
saocari ar aris varsqenisagan isic,
rom yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg,
`mociqulni miavlina da hrqva `nu neba Cemi yav da moved taZrad!
ukueTu ara moxvide Sina, Cord
wargce Sen!~
roca pasuxad moismina - Cors
Tu gamgzavni, `vin uwyis Tu keTilsa rasme mivemTxvio, Sengan, borotebisagan ganridebulio~, Sefiqrianda, - `nuukue mTavarTagansa visme
ecoloso~ da ganzraxvaze xeli
aiRo.
ra aris es?
boroti survili pitiaxSisa, radac unda daujdes, `ganaridos~
dedofalyofili yovelgvar sikeTes Tu... avadmyofurad mtanjveli
eWvi colis, Tundac colyofi-
siyvarulidan
siyvarulamde
anu
varsqeni ki `samgzis sawyalobelia~ da `ubadruki~, `yovlad ganwiruli~, radgan `yovliT kerZove
Tavi Tvisi qristeisgan ganagdo~.
`ZRvnad Tavisa Tvissa Seswirvidao
mters~, - gveubneba iakob xucesi
masze.
`mware goneba aqvs mas, gvemasa
da tanjvasa didsa Segagdos~ uTvaliswinebs qmrisgan mosalodnel safrTxes iakobi dedofals
da Cvens warmodgenaSi axali Strixi emateba varsqenis xats.
da, ai, ukve Tavad is ecxadeba
Cvens mzeras. movusminoT iakob curtavels:
`viTar aRdga pitiaxSi, gviwoda
Cven, xucesTa da mivediT da sixaruliT SegvimTxvina da gvrqva Cven:
`aw nuras meridebiT me da nucaRa
gZag~.
Seivso sityvieri portreti renegati pitiaxSisa, meryevi da gaorebuli kacisa. WeSmaritad, `eSmaki Txrida gulsa missa~, rogorc
mogvianebiT ityvis masze avtori.
albaT amitomac irCevs satanuri
agresiulobiT `gaRmaT Seedavos~
meuRles, - `Sen Cemi xati daamxe~
(xati - salocavi).
erTSi ki marTalia, - `sagebelsa Cemsa nacari gardaasx da Seni
adgili dagitevebies da sxuad wasrul xaro, - roca momxdars, viTarca faqts daafiqsirebs. merec
araerTxel SeuTvlis daJinebiT:
`aRdeg da moved adgilsa Tvissa
da nu egeviTari goneba gi pyries!~. muqarasac gaurevs:
`ukeTu ara, TreviT mogiTrio~,
`ganiwyo guli da ibrdRvenda misTvis~, `da Semdgomad movida mgeli igi~ da mgluri saqme qmna:
`iwyo ujerosa ginebad varsqen da
ferxiTa TvisiT dasTrgunvida
mas... viTarca mxeci mZvinvare yioda da izaxda, viTarca cofi... da
aginebda varsqen Tesl-tomsa missa
da saxlisa maoxreblad saxelsdebda mas~.
trapezis meore dRes, `viTarca
ciskar oden iyo~, msaxurs hkiTxa:
`wylulebisa misgan viTar ars?~
ra moismina unugeSo: `ver gansarinebel arso", Tavad Sevida nagvemi dedoflis sanaxavad. ra ixila
igi, `daukvirda (e.i. gaukvirda)
didZali simsivne misi~, TiTqos
sxvis naavkacars uyurebda... msaxurs
ubrZana, aravin SeeSva mis sanaxavad da TviT nadirobad warvida~...
... vkiTxulobT am sisxliTa da
tkiviliT gajerebul frazebs da,
uneburad, mefe abesalomi gvaxsendeba `eTerianidan~:
`vis gindaT qali eTeri,
me sanadirod mivalo~...
iqneb, orsav SemTxvevaSi erTgvar
sulis moZraobasTan gvaqvs saqme?
iqneb, nadiroba aforiaqebuli sulisaTvis Tavdaxsnis ganwiruli
mcdelobaa, sakuTari Tavis gadarCenis ganwiruli mcdelobaa, sakuTari Tavisagan gaqcevis uimedo
imedia? Tu... gakerpebuli kacis
gulisgamyinavi cinizmi?
iakob curtavelis, rogorc avtoris did mwerlur Rirsebad
migvaCnia faqtis amgvari ukomentaroba. dae, ifiqros mkiTxvelma is,
rasac guli da goneba ukarnaxebs,
dae, ifiqros!
aseve ukomentarod gveZleva varsqenis momdevno replikebic SuSanikis sadedoflo samos-samkaulis
dabrunebis Sesaxeb.
yvelaze `Zlieri argumenti~,
varsqenis xelT arsebulTagan, dedoflis sawinaaRmdegod rom moixmars, misi meuRleobrivi uflebebia, SuSanikTan urTierTobaSi rom
gaaCnia. amitomac iyenebs ase xSirad
mas: `gamomec coli Cemi! rad ganmaSoreb Cemgan?~ - eubneba afoc episkoposs. icis sulmokle, usamarTlo pitiaxSma Tavisi uflebebi
- `romelni RmerTman SeaerTa, kac-
lis, SesaZlo gaorgulebis gamo?!
yoveli imas imkis, rac dasTesa;
`sulis simSvidis versiT mpovelia~ varsqeni - kaci Ralatiani
da cru, zneobrivad orgemage, gauwonasworebeli zne-xasiaTiT, ampartavnobiTa da gulzviadobiT, dasjili eSmakis gzaze mavals eSmaki
dascems! - amitom aris is `sabralobeli~, - rogorc araerTgzis
moixseniebs SuSaniki, - da `ubado~.
aseTis xvedri ki ganwirulTa
sasjelia, - ase gvaswavlis iakob
curtaveli.
da, ai, `gasrulda ese ambavi~(c)...
Sileri maxsendeba:
`Tu mxatvrul smyarosTan Sexvedram mcired mainc ar gagaukeTesa, dro da energia, mas rom Sealie, dakargulad CaTvale~!
`mcired mainc...~
ragvar `sulispurad~ eqceva
mkiTxvels Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis es ucnaurad sacnauri hagiografiuli Txzuleba, - bavSvobidan rom mogvyveba da did literaturasTan miaxlebis erT-erT bednier SesaZleblobad arsebobs (xom
`SuSanikis wamebiT~ viwyebdiT,
odiTganve, qarTuli literaturis
istoriis Seswavlas?!)...
sulac ar vapirebT problemis
gamartivebas, Tu vityviT, rom yoveli arsiTi siyvarulis sazomiT
izom-iwoneba, yovelgvari pozitiuris sasikeTod mamoZravebeli RerZi
siyvarulze gadis, usiyvarulod
WeSmariti bedniereba ar arsebobs,
- rameTu RmerTi siyvarulia, qristianuli msoflSegrZnebiTa da
msoflxedviT, romlis mTavari `sayrdeni idea~ ase formulirdeba:
`Tu gsurs iyo bednieri, iyavi! nu
Caklav SenSi adamians, nu daukargav
RmerTs Sen Tavs, nu moukvdebi siyvaruls!
mteri?
mteric giyvardes, rameTu dRevandeli mteri Seni, xval, RvTis wyalobiT, moyvasad SeiZleba geqces
(adamianebi xangrZlivi avadmyofobis Semdegac xom janmrTeldebian?!).
cxadia, ar vapirebT siyvarulis
filosofiur Tu religiur-metafizikuri arsis wvdoma-analizs.
amgvari `inteleqtualuri operacia~ sxvagvar subieqtursa da obieqtur pirobebs iTxovs, - Cveni
amJamindeli mizani viwroa da dasazRvruli:
SevecadoT da gavaTvalsaCinovod riT `Tanabroben sivrceebSi~
erTi mxriv, `SuSanikis wamebiT~
gacxadebuli adamianuri yofa da,
meore mxriv, - dRevandeli arseboba Cveni; sad aris cocxali, mfeTqavi nervi `TxuTmetsaukunovani
mTlianobisa~, qarTuli klasikuri
mwerloba rom warmoadgens?
rogoria `sulTa gadaZaxili
saukunovani dro-Jamis manZilze?
adamiani xom Tavisi arsiT (Tavisi sulieri cxovrebiT) maradiuli, Seucvleli `mudmivobaa~ (razec
sagulisxmod mianiSnebs adamianis
sulier faseulobaTa, interesTa
ucvleloba da misiT ganpirobebuli kulturis erTianoba da uwyvetoba).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ arsebobis
mizez-mizanic siyvarulis `SuqCrdilebiT~ dasazRvruli yofnis
tragizmiT ganisazRvreba... siyvaruli ki, arcTu iSviaTad, umkacresi mxilebiT gamoixateba, - daundobeli, uSeRavaTo TviTgvemiT gamoixateba; sisastikis zRvramde misuli zneobrivi ukompromisobiT,
sulieri puritanobiT gamoixateba!
- arc gasakviria, - jer kidev
qristianobamdelma antikurma samyarom icis, rom `varskvlavebisaken
tanjvis gziT midian~ (rusTaveli
gavixsenoT: `maSa, lxinsa vin moimkis pirvel WirTa umuSako?!~, `Tu
lxini gvwadis uflisgan, Wirnica
SeviwynarodeT!~ `borotimca rad
Seeqmna keTilisa Semoqmedsa?!~).
Teozisis gza rTulia da winaaRmdegobrivi, sulis kaTarzisi upirobo netareba arcrodis yofila.
uflis jvarcma-aRdgomis metafizikuri arsi swored aqaa saZiebo.
WeSmariti Rimili cremliani Rimilia (`roca sisxls cremli daepkureba, mxolod maSin ibadeba mSvenieri vardisferi!~ novalisi).
siyvaruli, rogorc gvaswavlian, bednierebis savali gzis siZneles gviiolebs. metic, is erTaderTi gzaa bednierebisaken mimavali, rameTu misiT da mxolod misiT
cxaddeba bednierebis tragikulad
mSvenieri arsi, ramdenadac adamiani RvTiT dasazRvrul uflebamovaleobaTa orerTianobaa `jildosi~ da `sasjelisa~ (imave dros
-`pativsa vxedav da patiJisagan
meSinis~, - ityvian didi qristiani sulebi amgvar SemTxvevaSi).
Cven, - bevris (Tu yvelafris
ara!) miRebis msurvelebi, bevris
gaRebis verSemZleebad gvaqcia yofam da gavTiTokacdiT (`Cemda martoisa arian Wirni ese!~ - Tu daikvnesebda mtkivneuli suli, pasuxic ar ayovnebda, - `Seni Wiri Cveni ars da sixaruli Seni sixaruli Cveni arso!~). siyvarulia sworedac, `me~-s mojadoebul-momakvdinebeli wridan Tavdaxsnis erTaderTi saSualeba! dagvviwyebia, rom
mxolod is aris Cveni, `rasac gavcemT~, `rasac - ara, dakargulia!~
- da... ugamonaklisoa es mcnebac,
viTarca yvela zneobrivi maqsima.
amgvari msxverplad Sewirva yvela
`wmida tarigs~ ZaluZs, - yvelas,
saxed da xatad RvTisad Seqmnil
adamianTagan (Tumca, `kaci ar yvela
sworia, didi Zes kaciT kacadmde~,
da `avsa kargad vervin Secvlis,
Tavsa axlad vervin iSobs~, rameTu `ar gaTeTrdebis yorani, rac
unda xexo qviSiTa!~ - da es yvelaferi, umTavresad subieqturi mizezis gamo).
siyvaruli xom erTgulebis gareSe ar arsebobs?!
`cxovreba arCevaniao~, - gvaswavlian. marTladac, gvaswavlian!
Cveni Tavisufali nebis arCevania orTagan erTi gza: `gza uflisaken~, - mZime jvariT gasavleli
gza da ia-vardiT fenili `gza
arsaiT~, `bWeni jojoxeTisani~
(`roca sofelSi Sexvide, suyvelgan ori gza ari!~, - xmianobs genialuri qarTuli msoflaRqma).
SuSaniki xorcielia, qalia, dedaa,
coli da dedofalia!
vin, Tu ara man, uwyis amqveyniur
siameTa xibli da, amdenad, diaxac
didad uWirs masze uari! advilia
arCevani cudsa da kargs Soris,
uZnelesia kargisa da ukeTesis garCevac da arCevac, miT ufro - umwvavesi `caitnotiT~ gamZafrebuli
sulis eqstremumis dros!
`dgeba wami, roca mTeli sigrZesiganiT acnobiereb, rom Seni ganvlili (iqneb gasavlelic) sicocxle am wamisaTvis mzadeba yofila.
SuSaniks uyvars da... siyvarulma
gadaarCina, misi Rimili kargis
(xorcis) ukeTesisTvis (sulisTvis) gamwiravis cremliani Rimilia. avtoriteti xom pirvelyovlisa, sulac sakuTari Tavis winaSe sWirdeba adamians (raTa SevinarCunoT saukeTeso dReebi Cveni
arsebobisa)?!
varsqens ver uyvars (`or skamze
veravis mouxerxebia erTdroulad
jdoma, rameTu `arc vis xelewifeba
orTa ufalTa moneba!~), Torem, vis
ar surs iyos ukeTesi?!
xorcis sulisaTvis vergamwiravis tragedia, `survilTa keTilobani~, `saqmeTa keTilTa Tvinier~ borot energiad iqceva da angrevs
sulis RvTaebriv taZars adamianSi (ris Sedegadac uflis xatad
Seqmnili arseba eSmas wil-kerZad
iqceva xolme).
`an - an!~ - ZnelTuZnelesi dilemaa, meormosvlis apokalifsur xanaSi myofi xorciT damZimebuli mokvdavis winaSe aRmarTuli!
SuSanikma, RvTiT SeZlo da eboZa
kidevac `jildo!
varsqenma ver SeiZlo da, uRvTobiT, usiyvarulobisaTvis ganwiruli yofa bumerangiviT mibrunebul
sasjelad eqca mis codviT damZimebul suls! Cven?!
`aravis xelewifebis orTa ufalTa moneba!~ - isev `ireks sulSi~
uflis xma, ireklavs adamis Ze RvTaebriv sixarulsa da mwuxarebas...
`ai, me vdgavar Tqvens gulebTan
da gixmobT - gamiReT kari;
me var naTeli, magram Tqven ver
mxedavT;
me var gza, magram Tqven ar momyvebiT;
me var WeSmariteba, magram Tqven
ar gjeraT Cemi;
me var sicocxle, magram Tqven
ar meZebT;
me var moZRvari, Tqven ki ar
mismenT;
me var ufali, magram Tqven ar
memorCilebiT;
me var Tqveni RmerTi, Tqven ki
ar mevedrebiT;
me Tqveni saukeTeso megobari
var, magram Tqven ar giyvarvarT;
da Tu ar xarT bednierni, me
nuRar damadanaSaulebT!~
gvesmis uflis xma! suliwmidis xma gvesmis, - patriarqis bageTagan gacxadebuli:
`Cveni miwieri yofa mgzavrobas
hgavs da amitomac, visac ar axsovs, rom igi stumaria wuTisoflisa da, dRes Tu xval, maradiul
cxovrebas unda eziaros, gamousworebel Secdomas uSvebs~.
nino mgalobliSvili,
filologiur mecnierebaTa
doqtori, profesori
ikiTxeT `mamuli~
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
11
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
madloba Soridan
bevri ram daviwyebas mieca, Cemi quTaisis vard-maisobac nisliT ifareba Cems
mexsierebaSi. erTi ram ki aramc da
aramc maviwydeba. is ki arada, SemiZlia
Tvali davxuWo da ferebSi aRvidgino
is wami, is momenti... skolis klubSi
film `sxvisi Svilebis~ Cvenebisas gverdiT mjdomma ufrosklaselma saCvenebeli TiTi Cemsken rom momarTa da sxvaTa
gasagonad SemekiTxa:
Senc xom gyavs dedinacvali?
mas Semdeg SemZulda eg sityva. mgonia,
rom araTu Cvens cxovrebas, leqsikonis
furclebsac stkiva am sityvis arseboba.
mefisnacvali?! ki, batono!
dedinacvali?! aramc da ara!
mawvnis im erT cicqna Semqmnels Tu
`dedos~ veZaxiT... sxvisi Svilebis gamzrdelma rad `inacvla~?!
Cemi dediko - manana SarabiZea...
es `tituli~ 21 wlis qaliSvilma
mas Semdeg moirgo, rac me da Cemi ori
tyupiscali, wlinaxevriT ufros ZmasTan erTad 1 dRisani davobldiT.
`dedis amags xelisgulze erbo-kvercxis SewviTac ver gadaixdio~ - bavSvobaSi maswavlidnen. maSin arc mifiqria
maswavleblisTvis mekiTxa, sxvisi oblebis gamzrdel dedasTvis Tu riTi SevZlebdi amagis gadaxdas.
mas Semdeg vfiqrob im dausmel SekiTxvaze. pasuxi axlac ara maqvs!
maxsendeba, Tu rogor saTuTad inaxavda deda Cems pirvelklaselobisas
naCuqar, Cemive xeliT daxatul sarvamarto
misalocs (maSin 3 marti jerac ar arsebobda), masTan erTad ki xelsaxocze daweril Cems pionerul fics, rom cxovrebaSi
sigarets aRar gavekarebodi.
vfiqrob, im misalocSi saTuTad gamoyvanili sityvebic Sevasrule, rom mudam meyvareboda, da xelsaxocze dawerili ficic.
Tu dedas uRalateb, mere samSoblos
Ralatic advilia!
iqneb, samSoblos Ralatic dedis Ralatia?! misi damRerebuli iavnanis umaduroba?
am suraTs, am werils rom axlavs, lamazi saxeli aqvs: `erTi iavnana samisaTvis~.
albaT am iavnanebiT, CurCuliT wakiTxuli
zRaprebiT xdeboda Cveni damynoba - moyvasis, Cveni lamazi qalaqis, samSoblos siyvarulTan, rom Semdeg iseTi nayofiT gvexara, rom amagi dagvebrunebina.
ara xelisgulze `yiyliyos~ SewviT,
aramed mamulis samsaxurSi dgomiT!
Cveni, tyupebis saxelebis sawyisi asoebis erToblioba Cveni mSobeli dedis saxels kravs: man-uCari, an-zori, a-vTandili!
- manana!
da Sens saxelsac...
maSin, roca am saxelebs gvarqmevdnen,
RmerTis nebiT, uneblied, Cvens saxelebSi
Caido is kodi, rom madliereba Sendamic
gamogvexata, zustad ise, Tanabrad, rogorc
mSobeli dedisadmi.
da samTave Zmas sakuTar saxelebTan erTad Seni saxelic gvetarebina!
24 wlis dagvianebiT mSobeli dedi-
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sadmi miZRvnil werilSi Sens mosaxeles,
Cvens mSobel dedas isic vTxove, rom Tuki
odesme SenTan Sexvedris bedniereba ergeba,
xelebi dagikocnos, gulSi Cagikras da
dad migiRos, - im didi gmirobisaTvis, didi qalobisaTvis, rasac sami saSinlad anci biWunas aRzrda hqvia.
reJisori Temur CxeiZe dedas, medea Caxavas yovelTvis ase mimarTavda Tu moix-
seniebda: `qalbatono deda!~
am or sityvaSi, erTi SexedviT aristokratiul mimarTvaSi, me erTnairad
vkiTxulob - siyvaruls, krZalvas, mowiwebas da fexiswverebze siarulis siCumec mesmis.
naxevarsaukunovan iubiles gilocav,
qalbatono deda!
de-da!
manuCar kaWaxiZe
dedav - sicocxlis dido sawyiso,
dedav - cxovrebis burjo magaro,
es guli Seni guliT xalisobs,
Seni TvalebiT vxedav samyaros.
Cems akvans ferad Rilkilebians
Sen damRerodi „nanas“, „mze Sinas“,
ramdeni Rame ar gZinebia,
rom CemTvis Zili geswavlebina.
Sen Cemi xeli xelSi geWira,
am mSordebodi wuTiT, saaTiT,
rom siaruli geswavlebina
Senc dadiodi CemTan taatiT.
me Seni wminda Suqi mefina,
Sensken movrbodi xelebgaSlili,
rom laparaki geswavlebina,
Senc titinebdi CemTan balRiviT.
dedav, viyaviT TiTqos tolebi,
TiTqos fiqrebi gvqonda saerTo,
Senc Cems gakveTils imeorebdi,
rom CemSi codnis Suqi agenTo.
Turme ramdenjer avad gavmxdarvar,
ramdenjer senma xeli damria,
dedav, imdenjer bRuja WaRara,
TmebSi WaRara Semogparvia.
roca macnobdi warsuls dardians,
Sens xmaSi krToda sevda faruli,
Sen Semayvare, dedav, namdvilad
Cemi qveyana, Cemi mamuli.
Sen damiloce qveynad kacoba,
Tavze namusis qudi damxure,
sul Sen gekuTvnis Tu ram madloba
da siyvaruli davimsaxure.
ioseb noneSvili
qarTveli gamocdili advokatis TanaSemwe -Paralegal
sikeTiTa da siTboTi aRsavse qalbatons, mudam megobris gverdiT mdgoms,
Cvens elniri gegeSiZes vulocavT dabadebis dRes, ixare da ibedniere
Sens sayvarel ojaxTan erTad, male dabrunebas gisurvebT mSvidobian da
ayvavebul saqarTveloSi.
gTavazobT saemigracio momsaxurebas
mogemsaxurebiT saxlidan gausvlelad 7 dRis ganmavlobaSi
niu iorkis, pensilvaniisa da niu jersis maStabiT. aseve SesaZlebelia
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nino xarabaZe, nargiza bibiCaZe,
maia sulaqveliZe, qeTi mandaria, manuCar kaWaxiZe
* * *
Zvirfass qalbatons, lili cqifuriSvils vulocavT dabadebis
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P.O. Box 13121,
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oTar bibiCaZis
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Tamaz xarabaZe, manuCar kaWaxiZe, leri asaTiani ojaxebiT TanaugrZnoben mxatvarsa da quTaisis kolorits, oTar qandarias udidess mwuxarebaSi, dis,
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bibiCaZes mwuxarebaSi mamamTilis
s
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satelefono
baraTebi
fasdaklebiT
12
reklama “mamulSi”
seqtemberi, 2009, N54
WWW.MAMULI.COM
qarTvel emigranTa gazeTi SeerTebul StatebSi
politikuri TavSesafari
ukve SesaZlebelia
*
mfhsdtkt,bcfsdbc=
+
rCevebi
TqvenTvis
mudmivi rezidentobis
ucnobi alternativa
andriu jonsoni
ANDREW P. JOHNSON, ESQ.
(yofili saxelmwifo advokati, romelic axla emigrantTa
uflebebs icavs aSS-s mTavrobis winaaRmdeg bolo 10 weli)
1-212-693-3355
- ufaso konsultacia;
- advokatis asistenti
yazaxeTidan, romelic
saubrobs rusulad;
- Cven warvmarTavT Tqvens
emigraciul saqmes,
deportacias, Asylum-is
gasaCivrebas da ojaxur
peticiebs
Zalian xSirad emigrantebi an uaxlesi emigrantebi
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi ganixilaven sxvadasxva
gzebs Tu rogor Camoiyvanon sakuTari axlobeli
Tanamemamuleebi aSS-Si. samwuxarod, zogierTi ganixilavs StatebSi moxvedris aralegalur gzebsac.
miuxedavad amisa, arsebobs alternativa (romelic
xSirad yuradRebis miRma rCeba), rodesac pirovneba
SeiZleba Semovides SeerTebul StatebSi, rogorc
mudmivi rezidenti samsaxureobrivi kuTxiT. zogierTi fiqrobs, rom es SesaZlebloba mxolod im
adamianebisaTvisaa, vinc ukve imyofeba aSS-Si, Tumca
patara an did kompanias SeuZlia daasponsoros piri, romelic imyofeba SeerTebuli Statebis farglebs
gareT da igi ukve mwvane baraTiT Semova qveyanaSi.
mcire zomis (erTi an ori TanamSromeli), saSualo an did kompanias SeuZlia daasponsoros erTi
an ramodenime pirovneba qveynis farglebs gareT mudmiv rezidentobaze. magaliTisaTvis, mcire samSeneblo
kompanias SeuZlia daasponsoros aSS-s gareT myofi
pirovnebisaTvis mudmivi rezidentoba, Tu am pirovnebas
aqvs orwliani gamocdileba iseT saqmianobaSi, rogoricaa durgloba, avejis awyoba da a.S. pirovnebas
ar Wirdeba Sesabamisi ganaTleba, mxolod ori weli
samuSao gamocdileba sakmarisia.
sxva magaliTebi samsaxurisa da Sesabamisi gamocdilebis Tanxvedris aris: silamazis saloni da dalaqi,
restorani da Sef-mzareuli, instalaciaze momuSave kompania xeze momuSave specialistisaTvis an marmarilos dammontaJeblisaTvis. aRniSnuli magaliTebi
exeba orwliani gamocdilebis moTxovnis poziciebs.
aris aseve sxvadasxva SesaZleblobebi biznes-menejerebisaTvis sxvadasxva ti pis mcire kompaniebSi
da uamravi profesiuli kompaniebi, romelTac SeuZliaT daasponsoron xalxi SeerTebul Statebs gareT.
samuSaos SesaZleblobebi uamravia.
amJamad, aRniSnuli procesi grZeldeba sami-oTxi
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xangrZlivoba SeiZleba Semcirdes, metadre axali
administraciis xelisuflebaSi yofnis pirobebSi.
damatebiT aris kidev garkveuli sareklamo moTxovnebi,
romlebic gasavlelia aq aSS-Si da es statia mokle
mimoxilvaa am ofciis.
procesis saukeTesod daxasiaTeba SeiZleba Semdegi
magaliTiT: vTqvaT amerikuli samSeneblo kompaniis
mflobeli aris amerikaSi mcxovrebi pirovneba. mflobeli modis Cvens kompaniaSi da ambobs, rom sWirdeba ori pirovneba sakuTar kompaniaSi dasasaqmeblad.
mas Wirdeba durgali da ar akmayofilebs arcerTi
durglis kvalifikacia sakuTar regionSi. Tu man
icis vinme saqarTveloSi durgali orwliani Sesabamisi gamocdilebiT, mas ukve SeuZlia daiwyos dasponsorebis procesi. Tu dokumentaciasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebi sworad da uSecdomod warimarTa da dakmayofilda aSS-s da dsT-s Sesabamisi moTxovnebi, maSin daaxloebiT sam weliwadSi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi pirovneba Semova aSS-Si mudmivi
rezidentis baraTiT da SeeZleba moiTxovos aSS-s
moqalaqeoba oTxi wlisa da cxra Tvis Semdgom. Tu
kompania sakmarisad didia, SeuZlia gaakeTos multidasponsoreba adamianTa jgufisaTvis.
cota ar iyos Rimilismomgvrelia, rodesac aSSSi myofi adamianebi ixdian 20, 40 aTass dolars,
raTa maTma axloblebma aralegalurad SemoaRwion
SeerTebul StatebSi. es maSin, rodesac sxvadasxva
garemoebebis arsebobisas arsebobs legaluri da
gacilebiT iafi gza rom Camoiyvano pirovneba SeerTebul StatebSi, rogorc mudmivi rezidenti.
individis dasaqmebis kuTxiT dasponsoreba emigraciis xelmisawvdomi saSualeba iyo bolo 30 wlis
ganmavlobaSi. gasakviria, rom bevri mcire kompania
ar iyenebs am SesaZleblobas, romelsac maT emigraciis kanoni sTavazobT.
*
ruseTis federaciis samxedro Zalebis saqarTveloSi SemoWrisa da saqarTvelos suverenitetis xelyofis Semdeg saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs uCndebaT samarTliani sababi da TavSesafris
moTxovnis ufleba SeerTebul StatebSi, ganpirobebuli im safrTxeebTan, rac samSobloSi dabrunebulebs emuqrebaT!
asaval
dasavalis
gfhnybjhj,bs
HTLFMNJH-UFVJVWTVTKB
VFYEXFH RFZF[B't
EDITOR & PUBLISHER
MANUCHAR KATCHAKHIDZE
MAMULI
P.O. Box 13121,
Jersey City, NJ 07303
www.mamuli.com
editor@mamuli.com
Tell: 347-724-0770
saqarTveloSi `mamuls~ warmoadgens
sagamomcemlo saxli `asaval-dasavali~
KFIF YFLFHTBIDBKBC
patronaJiT
redaqciaSi kompiuteruli sistemis
cvlilebebis gamo gazeTis oqtombris
nomers gamocema daagviandeba.