Mamuli No. 14
Title
Mamuli No. 14
extracted text
qveynis siyvaruls sayvelpurod da saarSiyod nu gaixdiT, samSoblo roskipi
qali araa, mTvrals rom mogenatreba da maSin gaixseneb. samSoblo taZaria salocavi.
muxlze daCoqili unda idge mis sakurTxevelTan, cali xeliT pirjvars unda
iwerde, meoreTi ki xmals iqnevde, eSmakebi rom ar daepatronon.. da kidev erTi,
Sesawiravis mitana veravin ver unda mogaswros am taZarTan. nodar dumbaZe
mamuli
monatrebuli
N14
qarTvelTa patriotuli
gamocema amerikaSi
`mamuli~ dRevandeli nomridan gamodis
surviliT, rom daiwyos gasuli saukunis
istoriis aRnusxva da
Sefaseba. amis gamoa,
rom am nomerSive viwyebT or sagazeTo
serialis beWdvas.
`Tbilisi 1937~ da
`saxelisuflo TamaSebi sasikvdilo SedegiT~ me-20 saukunis
ukve istoriis aRnusxvis mcdelobaa.
Sefaseba ki Tqvenzea!
ERDT FKFGFHFRLYTY=
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sfvfit,b
14, 2aTas5, ivlisi
N
RTAFIB
rasputinis
quTaiseli sasiZo
mamuli
1
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mamuli
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
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***
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***
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***
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***
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***
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- ity ’fkbfy rfhufl bwb7 hfw eylf
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- cj[evib welb fv,fdb vj[lf7 kfdhtynb7 - vjf[ctyf ,thbfc cfmfhsdtkjc
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- lblb [vfehb fn.lt,f7 kfdhtynb8
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- vfiby ity ufvj’bt,bc lfo.t,f fh
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- f[kfw ubrh’fkfd8 bct vjdbmwts7
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lf vfvfvbcc vbecfv’bvht8 vbmtkf’t rb cflvt7 qhvfl vjf.exts8 vfwfkjc7 fdfkfgfhfrt,888
***
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ktybyuhflb8 cvjkyb8
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eylf oftrbs[f8 vwdtkb7 .jdtksdbc fxhlbkbdbs hjv lfcltdlf erfy7 f[kf fhcfl xfylf8 3cfl tivfrt,ib ofdblf04 ufetkdf rbhjdc8
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S,BKBCB7 !)#* OTKB
RTAFIB
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***
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gbhdtkb ltrtv,hbc lflutybkt,bc cf[bs8 rfyjyb ’fkfib itlbc ufvjmdt.yt,bc
lqblfy8 vjhxf8 sfdbceafkb [fhs8
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N 14,
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cthujv hfqfw xfb,en,enf8 ;lfyjdvf v’bvtl7 cjkblehfl lffmybf sfdb8
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***
tc vjupfehj,f ufcfhsj,b eahj
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vjerkfds=88
***
vfnfht,tkvf vrdtshfl lffve[hezf7
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3STSHB >DFDT,B
IFD UEYLIB4
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
samSoblo
rogorc ufali,
samSobloc erTia qveyanazeda!
dasawyisi N13
13
lixs iqiT da lixs aqeT
saqarTvelo giyvardeT!
ra Tqma unda pelazguri miTebis SemqnelTa saxelebi CvenTvis
ucnobia, magram miTebis pelazgur
warmoSobaze metyvelebs RvTaebebs
Soris SemorCenilia bevri protoiberiuli warmoSobis RmerTi,
xolo bevrma indoevropulma RvTaebam avtoxtonuri simboloebi ~miiTvisa~. arsebobs berZnuli miTebis uzenaesi RvTaebis zevsis pelazguri qtonuri eqvivalenti,
romlis kultic muxasTan iyo
dakavSirebuli. agreTve nayofierebisa da miwis RvTaeba demetre
(dedamiwa), romlis fuZis ganmartebisas akademikosi ivane javaxiSvili mianiSnebda imaze, rom
fuZe ~de~ savsebiT ucxoa berZnuli enisaTvis. marTalia, ~meter~ berZnulSi niSnavs ~dedas~
magram ~de~ sufTa iberiuli warmoSobisaa. ~de~ anu ~deda~ dedaqalRmerTis aRmniSvneli iyo.
ase rom demetre aris is saxe,
romelSic uZvelesi kolxuri, pelazguri dedaqalRmerTi gadmoRebuli iqna berZnebis mier, romlebmac mas ~demetre~ uwodes. aRsaniSnavia, rom demetres pelazgur warmomavlobis gaTvaliswinebiT friad daintereso xdeba
miTi zevsis Zmis, qvesknelis RvTaebis aidis mier demetres qaliSvilis, persefones motacebis Taobaze. rogorc vxedavT, aqac saxezea, indoevropeli aidis mier pelazgi persefonis paladiumis
erTerTi gamovlinebis motaceba
da Semdeg misi gamoyeneba.
axla ki daubrundeT, promeTes.
miTi promeTes Sesaxeb erTerTi
umniSvnelovanesia rogorc adamianis evoluciis TvalsazrisiT
iseve protoiberTa eTnogenezis gasarkvevad. rogorc mogexsenebaT,
berZnuli miTosis yvela mniSvnelovani momenti kavkasiasTan aris
dakavSirebuli: argonavtebis laSqroba, troas omi, romlis gamomwvevi mizezi xom TviTon troelebis TqmiT medeas motacebaSi
mdgomareobda, da bolos udidesi
titanis, promeTes kavkasionze mijaWva.
miTosis ganxilvisas yovelTvis
unda gvaxsovdes rom miTosi iqN 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
mneboda Zvel misteriebSi qurumebis, xeldasmulebisa da ezoTerul codnas naziarebi adeptebis
mier. amitom miTSi araferi ar
aris zedmeti, yvelafers Tavisi
adgili da daniSnuleba aqvs. miTis ganxilvisas umniSvnelovanesia miTis personaJis saxeli, romelic ganmartavs mis sulier raobas da dakisrebul misias. Cvens
SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs titanis
saxelTan ~promeTe~sTan. ZvelberZnulad ~promeTeo~ niSnavs winaswarmetyvelur azrovnebas, winaswarganWvretas. amasTan promeTes hyavs Zma saxelad epimeTe
~WkuiT ukan mibrunebuli~ anu
winaswarmetyveluri azrovnebisagan gansxvavebiT ganjismier azrovneba.
axla ki gavarkvioT vin arian
promeTe da misi Zma epimeTe? promeTe aris im kacobriobisa Tu
samyaros warmomadgeneli, romelic
winaswarmetyvelur anu intuitiur azrovnebas flobda. xolo
mis sapirispiroT epimeTe simboloa gansjiTi anu inteleqtismier azrovnebisa. orive titani Svilia iafetisa. xolo vin aris
iafeti? iafeti aris qveynierebis
SemqmnelTa uranosisa da geas Svili, romelic e.w. mTavar titanebSi Sedis. iafeti, rogorc calke
aRebuli titani sxvebisagan didad ar gamoirCeva, magram misma
STamomavlobam didi gavlena iqonia kacobriobaze. ukve didi xania arsebobs mosazreba berZnuli
miTebis iafetisa da bibliuri
iafets Soris SesaZlo urTierTkavSiris Taobaze (amasTan orive
SemTxvevaSi iafeti dakavSirebulia qarTvelebTan da qarTvelur
modgmasTan). zenon eleelis mier
iafetosis saxeli ganimarteba, rogorc zeda anu sulieri samyaro
iafetos anu is vinc miiswrafvis
zemoT, sulierisajen. aqedan gamomdinare, promeTe aris zeda anu
sulieri samyaros Ze anu winaswarmetyveluri azrovneba.
promeTes Sesaxeb miTis erTerTi mTavari (spiritualuri Tu
filosofiuri) axsna mdgomareobs kacobriobis, ufro swored
adamianis azrovnebis evoluciaSi. azrovnebis evoluciaSi aris
etapi, rodesac azrovneba miejaWveba adamianis sulis fizikur sxeulSi CasvlasTan erTad da aris
datyvevebuli am sxeulSi. xolo
kavkasionze mijaWvuli promeTes
ganTavisufleba niSnavs azrovnebis fizikuri sxeulisagan ganTavisuflebas. kavkasionze mijaWvuli promeTe adamianis sxeulze
mijaWvuli azrovnebaa, maSin rodesac ganTavisuflebuli promeTe aris ganTavisuflebuli winaswarmetyveluri azrovnebis simbolo.
aRsaniSnavia, erTi friad saintereso mosazreba, romlis mixedviT, iafetosis Zeni ganasaxiereben
adamianis sulieri samyaros sxvadasxva mdgomareobas:
atlasi gamZleobas, simtkicesa
da moTminebas, menoitiosi qedmaRlobas Tavxedobas, promeTe winaswarganWvretasa da maZieblobas,
xolo epimeTe, rac Zalzed sainteresoa, windauxedaobasa da sisustes. sainteresoa, rom swored
am ukanasknelTan, epimeTesTan aris
dakavSirebuli kacobriobis dasja da borotebis ganTavisufleba. cnobili miTis mixedviT, brZeni promeTe mudam afrTxilebda
epimeTes araferi mieRo RmerTebisagan, magram rodesac olimpielma
RmerTebma epimeTes saCuqrad ulamazesi qali, pandora miarTves, man
daiviwya brZeni Zmis darigeba da
qali colad SeirTo. rogorc
viciT, erT mSvenier pandoram qoTans, romelSic RmerTebis mier
davwyvdeuli iyo boroteba, Tavi
mohxada da igi gaanTavisufla
swored mas Semdeg aris, rom kacobriobas Tavs daatyda SimSili,
ubedureba, siRatake, avadmyofoba,
Suri, ciliswameba da mravali sxva.
promeTes miTis ganmartebisas
CvenTvis sainteresoa am miTis kidev erTi axsna eTnologiuri.
garda winaswarmetyveluri azrovnebis simbolosa, promeTe aris im
modgmis Tu samyaros simbolo, romelsac gaaCnda aseTi azrovneba
da romelic qmnida da anviTarebda misteriebs da maT kulturas.
am mxriv igi upirispirdeba berZnebis umaRles RvTaebas zevs,
romelic ganasaxierebs saberZneTSi ufro gvian mosul modgmas,
romelic ZaladobiT amkvidrebs
Tavis kults da kavkasionze ajaWvebs promeTes.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ilompiel RmerTebis winare titanebis modgma
iafetosi,giperioni (heliosis mama
da aietis babua) da sxvebi olimpielTa gamoCenisTanave ewinaaRmdegeba maT Zalauflebas, ramac Se-
mamuli
degad titanomaqia anu RmerTTa
da titanTa omi moitana. titanebi saberZneTis uZvelesi mosaxleobis RvTaebebia, romlebmac berZnul miTebSi transformacia ganicades da titanebis saxe miiRes,
titanebisa, romlebmac olimpielTa winaaRmdeg gailaSqres da amisaTvis daisajnen. sainteresoa, agreTve is garemoeba, rom promeTesa
da medeas dedebi debi yofilan
anu promeTe da medea deidaSvilebi iyvnen medeas deda idia da
promeTes deda asia orive titan
okeanosis qaliSvilebia. rogorc
vxedavT, aqac promeTesa da protoiberiuli (qarTveluri) samyaros naTesaobasa da urTierTkavSirs vxedavT.
amasTan aRsaniSnavia, rom ufrosi Taobis msgavsad, promeTec olimpielTa winaaRmdeg gamodis, risTvisac igi kavkasionze ijaWveba.
magram konkretulad ram ganapiroba misi aseTi mkacri dasja?
miTosis mixedviT, promeTes dasjas win ramodenime saintereso
SemTxveva uZRvoda.
erTerTi miTis mixedviT, erTxel korinTosSi erTmaneTTan
Sexvdnen ori gansxvavebuli modgmisa da kulturis warmomadgenlebi. erTni promeTesTan iyvnen
dakavSirebulebi, xolo meoreni
zevsTan da olimpiel RmerTebTan.
rogorc vxedavT, miTSi or kulturas Soris momxdari Sexvedra
aisaxa. erTi iyo imJamindeli saberZneTis uZvelesi, pirveladi mosaxleoba, xolo meore axlaxans
mosuli indoevropuli anu elinuri.
promeTem da misma qurumebma am
Sexvedraze samsxverplo xaris ganawilebisas atyueben zevss da mis
qurumebs. maTi inteleqti, azrovneba gacilebiT ufro maRal doneze iyo ganviTarebuli, ris gamoc isini advilad atyueben Zalismier zevsa da mis mimdevrebs.
es motyueba ar unda iqnas ganxiluli rogorc ubralo TaRliToba. promeTes es qmedeba xazs
usvams, im garemoebas, rom wina berZnuli kultura, pelazguri samyaro ufro maRla dgas vidre
elinuri da Sesabamisad ufro
maRla idga maTi azrovnebis kulturac. ra Tqma unda Semdeg indoevropelebma Tavisi kultura
umaRles safexuramde ganaviTares
da msoflios erTerTi yvelaze
didebuli civilizacia Seqmnes, magram axla saubari jerjerobiT
im periodzea, rodesac es ori
modgma, protoiberiuli da indoevropuli, erTmaneTs pirvelad Sexvda da pelazguri modgma ganviTarebis gacilebiT ufro maRal
doneze dgas.
miTis Tanaxmad, samsxverplo
xorcis ganawilebisas motyuebuli zevsi sapasuxod aRar aZlevs
kacobriobas cecxls da kavkasionze ajaWvebs promeTes, romelic
iparavs cecxls da adamians ubrunebs. cxadia, promeTes mier motacebuli cecxli ar warmoadgens ubralo als, nakverCxals.
cecxli am SemTxvevaSi aris simbolo adaminis sulieri ~me~si.
rogorc cnobilia, bunebis oTx
elements cecxlsa, wyalsa, miwas
da haers Soris adamianis meobas
anu sulier ~me~s swored cecxli Seesabameba. swored aseTi
~cecxli~ waarTva zevsma kacobriobas, anu man adamians sakuTari
~me~ waarTva. xolo promeTem igi
moitaca da ukan daubruna adamians. swored es aris promeTes
mier kacobriobisaTvis cecxlis
micema, radgan swored adamianis
meobisagan, sulieri ~me~dan gamomdinareobs yovelgvari kultura da civilizacia. aqve unda
aRvniSnoT, rom aseTive axsna aqvs
titanebis tartarosSi damarxvis
miTs. RmerTebis mier titanebis
tartarSi Camarxva, adamianis sulis materiaSi Camosvlaa, sxeulSi CaZirva da damkvidrebaa, riTac
iwyeba adamianis individualuri
cxovreba, azrovneba da kultura.
cxadia, rom promeTe asaxavs misteriaTa kulturas, romelic iyo
pirveladi Zvel saberZneTSi, magram Semdeg Zlieri indoevropuli nakadis gamo lokalizebuli
aRmoCnda kavkasiaSi, rac simbolurad asaxulia promeTes kavkasionze mijaWviT. promeTes miTSi
sayuradReboa kidev ori momenti:
arwivi da RviZli, romelsac es
arwivi kortnis.
rogorc miTidan gvaxsovs, mijaWvul promeTes awamebs zevsis
arwivi.
arwivi, erTis mxriv, simboloa
sulieri aRmafrenisa da Semecnebisa, magram meore mxriv igi aris
simbolo imperiuli Zlierebisa
da Zalmomreobisa. arwivi aris
zoomorfuli simbolo zevsisa anu
indoevropuli modgmisa, ramac mcire xanSi asaxva hpova kidec romaelTa arwivebSi.
RviZli ki is organoa, romelsac yvelaze mniSvnelovani roli
akisria haruspikiis (cxovelTa
Signeulobaze misnobis) saqmeSi.
promeTe misania, sakraluri saidumlos mflobeli, ris gamoc arwivi swored saidumlos Semcvel
RviZls ukortnis. magram RviZli
isev mTeldeba e.i. saidumlos ~gaxsna~ Zalismieri gziT ver moxde-
me-14 gverdze
13
MFHSDTKJ,BC ERTS ITUH’YJ,BCFSDBC
lixs iqiT da lixs aqeT
ba da zevsma (e.i indoevropelebma) es icis. amitom promeTes gasanTavisufleblad zevsma berZnebis erTerTi yvelaze didi gmiri
herakle gagzavna. aq swori viqnebiT Tu davinteresdebiT Tu vin
iyo herakle? z. gamsaxurdia amasTan dakavSirebiT wers:
~herakle aris axali kultura,
nebelobiTi da heroikuli iniacia, romelic winasaxea qristianuli iniciaciisa. saerTod, ZvelberZnuli misteriebi Tavisi xasiaTiT profeturi iyo, romelTa
centraluri misteriebi ~eloizisis~ misteriebi warmoadgendnen.
(sityva ~eloizisis~ ZvelberZnulad winaswar ganWvretas niSnavs)
herakles saxe aris winasaxe qristianuli iniciaciisa, romelic dakavSirebulia nebelobasTan, sulis
aqtivobasTan da kerZod imasTan,
rasac qristianobaSi sasufevlis
ZalisxmebiT aReba hqvia, vinaidan
qristianuli iniciaciis arsi ieso
qristem ganmarta rogorc sasufevlis aReba ZalisxmeviT ~sasufeveli iiZulebis~. amrigad herakles Tormeti gmiroba unda
gavigoT, rogorc iniciaciis sxvadasxva safexurebi, sulieri ganviTarebis sxvadasxva doneebi, romlis kulminaciac aris promeTes
ganTavisufleba anu azris ganTavisufleba fizikuri sxeulis
tyveobisagan da kacobriobis gamoxsna.
rogorc aRvniSneT, eTnologiuri TvalsazrisiT promeTes ganTavisufleba aris ganTavisufleba im dogmisa, romelic zevsis
anu indoevropuli modgmis mier
iqna mijaWvuli anu lokalizebuli kavkasiaSi. e.i promeTes miTSi
airekla agreTve protoiberiuli
modgmis warsuli da momavalic.
herakle, rogorc mogaxsneT, aris
winasaxe qristianuli iniciaciisa, rac sxvaTaSoris cnobili iyo
Suasaukuneebis RvTismetyvelebisTvisac. bizantiur RvTismetyvelebaSi miniSnebulia kidec rom
herakle aris winasaxe qristesi
(!) kerZod erTerTi miTis Tanaxmad, mis mier kverTxiT kldidan
wylis aRmoceneba iTvleba qristianobis winasaxed.~
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aucilebelia aRvniSnoT, rom qristianuli iniciaciis winasaxed iTvleba agreTve argonavtebis laSqrobac da SemTxveviTi ar aris,
rom ezoTerur mecnierebaSi oqros sawmis ganixilaven rogorc
klasikur graals. oqros sawmisi
aris winasaxe imisa, rasac Sua
saukuneebSi graalad da filosofiur qvad miiCnevdnen. amasTan
graali da filosofiuri qva aris
identuri cnebebi. maTi Zieba aris
ara marto fizikuri nivTis Zieba,
aramed sulieri sawyisebis Zebna,
RvTis, sulieri cnobierebis ganviTarebis garkveuli donis Zieba,
romelic antikur misteriebSi
gadmocemulia rogorc kolxeTSi mdebare oqros sawmisis Zieba.
Tavdapirvelad oqros sawmisi
saberZneTSi iyo, magram es is periodia, rodesac aq yvavis pelazgebis didebuli civilizacia, ker-
14
Zod ki pelazguri argosis kultura. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
miTosSi SemTxveviTi araferi ar
aris. arc is aris SemTxveviTi,
rom berZnebis xomalds ~argo~
hqvia, radgan is Tavisi ZiriT protoiberiulidan da kolxuridan
momdinareobs argo, argveTi, egrisi. ~gr~ fuZe xom sufTa protoiberiulia. laSqroba kolxeTSi simbolurad niSnavs laSqrobas sulieri anu misteriuli sibrZnis mosapoveblad, romelic
imJamad Semonaxuli iyo mxolod kolxeTSi
da aRar arsebobda arc saberZneTSi da arc
xmelTaSua
zRvis auzis qveynebSi. rogorc
aRvniSneT, xmelTaSua zRvis auzis mTeli teritoria dasaxlebuli iyo
protoiberiuli
mosaxleobiT, romelmac berZenTa
mosvlis momentisaTvis, Zv.w.
XVI saukunisaTvis Seqmnes adreul brinjaos
didi civilizacia. am periodSi protoiberiuli samyaros
ori ZiriTadi kera arsebobda aRmosavleTSi, mefe
aietis kolxeTi,
xolo dasavleTSi mefe minosis
kreta. SemTxveviTi ar aris is faqti, rom berZnul miTosSi es ori mefe erTmaneTis monaTesavea da minoss colad hyavs aietis da pasifae. magram am oridan ufro didi mniSvneloba da gavlenac am ukanasknels kretas gaaCnda. saocaria
am kunZulis istoria, romelic
amave droulad protoiberiuli
modgmis istoriac aris.
xmelTaSua zRvis kulturaTa
ganviTarebisa da Camoyalibebis saqmeSi TviT berZnebi sakmaod mokrZalebiT afasebdnen TavianT damsaxurebas. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
berZnuli legendebi da Tqmulebebi, romelTac elinebi Tavisi istoriis nawilad ganixilavdnen,
mogviTxrobdnen maRalganviTarebuli winaberZnuli tomebis pelazgebis, karielebis, lelegebisa
da sxvaTa Sesaxeb, da amtkicebdnen,
rom Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi kunZul kretaze saocari civilizacia arsebobda, romelic berZnebisaTvis Tavisi ganviTarebis maRali donis gamo mudam idumalebiT iyo moculi.
aqve gvinda cota ukan davixioT da promeTes miTs daubrundeT. promeTes miTSi aRsaniSnavia
kidev erTi friad saintereso momenti. miTosis mixedviT swored
promeTe aris pirveli xalxis
Semqmneli (sxvadasxva miTis Tanaxmad an zevsis nebiT an sakuTari surviliT. uZveles miTebSi,
sakuTari surviliT) da Tavisi
monawileobiT Seqmnili kacobriobis keTilismyofelia.
zevsi Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdebis Semdeg spobs am modgmas
modgmas, romelic promeTes mier
aris Seqmnili da protoiberiul
samyaros warmoadgens. miTosis mixedviT kacTa TavxedobiT ganris-
xebuli zevsi gadawyvets am modgmis srul ganadgurebas da amisaTvis warRvnas moavlens qveynaze. magram promeTem mainc moaxerxa da Tavis Svils devkalions
Seatyobina momavali safrTxis Sesaxeb da momzadebaSi daexmara.
warRvnis Semdeg, romlis Sedegad
promeTes mier Seqmnili modgma
daiRupa, gadarCnen mxolod devkalioni da misi meuRle pira. swored am wyvilisagan momdinareobs
berZnuli modgma. wyvils cota
xanSi eyolaT vaJi
helenosi
(berZenTa zogadi saxeli), romelsac Tavis mxriv eyola sami vaJi
eolosi, qsuTosi da dorosi. am
samma SemdgomSi saTave daudes berZnul sxva tomebs eolosi TesaliaSi mcxovreb eolielebs; qsuTosi miTis mixedviT dasaxlda
peloponesSi, sadac SeeZina ori
vaJi aqeosi aqevelebis mamamTavari da ionosi ionielebis winapari; dorosma saTave daudo berZenTa kidev toms dorielebs.
rogorc vxedavT yovelive es moxda
protoiberiulis ganadgurebis, misi dacemis Semdeg da amasTan mis
naSTebze, radgan berZenTa yvela
mamamTavari helenosi da misi
vaJebi momdinareoben protoiber
devkalionsa da pirasagan.
mecnierebs yovelive es did-
mamuli
xans mxolod fantaziis nayofad
miaCndaT. magram am tradiciuli
poziciis arsebiTi gadasinjva gasuli saukunis 70iani wlebidan
daiwyo da amaSi ~brali miuZRvis~ ara romelime aRiarebul
mecniers, aramed diletants, araprofesional arqeologs hainrix
Slimans, romlis saxeli yvelaze
ufro gabeduli ocnebis ganxorcielebis simbolod iqca.
hainrix Slimanis cxovrebis
gzis dasawyisi
arafriT ar yofila dakavSirebuli Zveli
samyaros saidumloebaTa
amocnobasTan.
mSoblebma igi
Tavidanve savaWro saqmes aziares da, SeiZleba iTqvas, Svilma wlebis ganmavlobaSi mTlianad gaamarTla
maTi imedebi.
bedma igi peterburgSi moaxvedra da yirimis
omTan dakavSirebuli komerciuli operaciebis wyalobiT
milionerad aqcia. da swored
maSin, rodesac
saocari simdidre mas komerciis sferoSi axali simaRleebis dapyrobis srul saSualebas aZlevda,
Slimanma mTeli
Tavisi qoneba
romantikuli ocnebebis ganxorcielebas moaxmara. mas, enebisadmi
saocari midrekilebas mqones, homerosis poemebis ~iliadasa~ da
~odiseas~ originalSi mravlgzis
gadamkiTxvels, hqonda akviatebuli azri, rom berZnuli eposis
cnobebi homerosis troas Sesaxeb
istoriul realobas Seesabameba.
Tavdapirvelad Slimans dacinviT
Sexvdnen. samecniero sazogadoebis mier ~ucnaur kacad~ Seracxuli Slimani miuxedavad skeptikosTa daufaravi dacinvisa, gaemarTeba TurqeTSi da hisarlikis maRlobze, sadac antikur wyaroTa mixedviT troa unda arsebuliyo, 1870 wels iwyebs gaTxrebs. sul male bedi mis gabedulebas da Tavdadebas saocrad daajildoebs. igi aRmoaCens uZvelesi dasaxlebis or Sres, romelTac dRes troa I da troa II
ewodebaT. brwyinvale da mdidari
troa II Slimanma homerosis troad gamoacxada.
TiTqos Slimanma daanaTlao, egeosis zRvis auzSi mimdinare gaTxrebma male msoflio sazogadoeba axali moulodneli aRmoCenebiT gaaoca. pirvel rigSi es iTqmis artur evansis mier 1900
wlidan warmoebul gaTxrebze kunZul kretaze, legendarul knoso-
Si, romelmac gamoavlina saocrad
daxvewili da maRali donis kultura. igi Tavisi rafinirebulobiTa da harmoniuli xasiaTiT
mkveTrad gamoirCeva yvela drois
msoflio kulturebSi. gamokvlevebis Sedegad, naTeli gaxda, rom
Zv.w. I aTaswleulis dasawyisis
Zveli berZnuli kultura ufro
primitiuli adreuli sazogadoebis wiaRSi ki ar aRmocenda, aramed maRalganviTarebuli protoiberiuli civilizaciis nangrevebze.
dRes mkvlevarTa didi nawili
iziarebs im azrs, rom egeosuri
mosaxleobis formirebis process
diferencirebulad unda midgoma. am regionSi uZvelesi droidan cxovrobda adamiani, xolo
neoliTidan, Zv.w. VII aTaswleulidan egeida uZvelesi kulturebis aRmavlobis asparezad iqca.
rogorc irkveva, neoliTuri kulturis matarebelma pirvelma tomebma kretaze fexi ukve VII aTaswleulSi daadges da Tavisi didebuli civilizaciis Seqmnas Seudgnen. swored am civilizaciis
wiaRSi Camoyalibda Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi brwyinvale Sua da gvianbrinjaos xanis egeosuri kulturebi. xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi xmelTaSua zRvis, da
gansakuTrebiT egeosis zRvis auzi sxvadasxva warmomavlobis xalxTa araerTi gadaadgilebis momswre gamxdara da yoveli aseTi
moZraoba albaT Tavis kvals tovebda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
formirebis procesSi. magram rogorc irkveva egeidisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda
samxreTaRmosavleT mcire aziidan xalxTa im nakadis TandaTanobiT difuzias, romelmac neoliTisa da da adrebrinjaos xanaSi TiTqmis mTels xmelTaSua
zRvis auzSi garkveuli enobrivkulturuli erTianoba Seqmna. am
samxreTaRmosavluri migraciebis
sawyis regionad j. melaartis
gaTxrebis Semdeg Tanamedrove TurqeTis samxreT nawilSi mdebare
CaTalhuiuqs miiCneven, sadac aRmoCenili iqna cnobili neoliTuri sadgomi (Zv.w. 76 aTaswleuli). cnobilma arqeologma furniem yuradReba miaqcia im garemoebas, rom winaberZnuli kulturis masalebSi SeiZleba sakuTriv
qarTveluri enobrivi elementebis gamoyofa. ufro metic, zogjer es elementebi im Taviseburebebs gviCvenebs, rac dasavleTqarTveluri dialeqtebisaTvis unda
yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli da ramac Semdgom Tavisi kanonzomieri,
Camoyalibebuli saxe zanurSi miiRo.
mecnierebaSi TandaTanobiT ikrefs Zalas mosazreba, rom am elementTa gaCena winaberZnul samyaroSi qarTveluri tomebis erTi
nawilis egeidaSi Zv.w. IIIII aTaswleulTa mijnaze migraciiT unda aixsnas. pelasgebi, romlebic
berZnul miTologiuri tradiciis mixedviT Zv.w. II aTaswleulis
dasawyisidan Cndebian asparezze
arian swored am ~qarTvel~ emigN 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
MFHSDTKJ,BC ERTS ITUH’YJ,BCFSDBC
saqarTvelo giyvardeT!
rantTa memkvidreebi. am mosazrebisaTvis mxaris daWera SeuZlia
im garemoebasac, rom qarTveluri
elementebi Tavs iCens ara marto
egeidaSi, aramed yvelgan sadac gavrcelebuli iyvnen pelasgebi da
etruskebi. gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs,
rom winaberZnulSi dadasturebuli qarTveluris msgavsi mravali forma im viTarebas ki ar
asaxavs, rac qarTveluri enebis
daSlamde unda gvqonoda, aramed
imas rac am enaTa diferenciaciis
Semdgom iCines Tavs. amis axsna ki
mxolod Semdegnairad SeiZleba:
es terminebi kavkasiidan Sevidnen
egeidaSi da ara piriqiT. amJamad
gamovlenilia 200ze meti amgvari
leqsikuri Sesabamisoba. magram garda leqsikuri identurobisa, sainteresoa qarTveluri tipis Zveli geografiuli saxelwodebebis dadastureba egeidaSi. mag.
korinTosi da qarT. korinTa, karalia da qarT. karaleTi da a.S.
ukve didi xania mkvlevarTa yuradRebas iwvevs kretis dasaxlebis ~kvitaon~is msgavseba quTaisis berZnul wyaroebSi dadasturebul saxelwodebasTan ~kvitaia~..
axla ki daubrundeT protoiberiul kretas. egeosis zRvis auzis am ulamazes kunZuls berZnuli legendebi araerT idumalebiT mocul ambavs ukavSirebdnen.
ukve homerosi icnobs ~asqalaqa~
kretas, romelzec mravali tomi
binadrobs. legendaruli minosis
saxeli, romelsac didxans hyolia berZnebi morCilebaSi, TviT
klasikuri epoqis elinTaganac
krZalviT warmoiTqmoda. Sors iyo
ganTqmuli misi ostatis dedalosis dideba. mas miewereboda
labirinTis, berZenTaTvis bolomde gamocanad darCenili nagebobis aSeneba, sadac kretelTagan damorCilebuli aTenelebi saSinel
urCxuls xarkaca minotavrs SesaWmelad ugzavnidnen narCev vaJebsa da qalebs manamde, vidre minosis asulis ariadnes siyvarulis SemweobiT Tesevsma ar mohkla urCxuli da ar daixsna samSoblo samarcxvino xarkisagan. dedalossave miewereboda adamianis
didi xnis ocnebis caSi afrenis
pirvelad ganxorcieleba.
pirveli rac TvalSi xvdeba
adamians minosuri kulturis Seswavlisas, aris civilizaciis Tanabrad maRali done kunZulis
TiTqmis yovel nawilSi, stilis
erTianoba, qvisagan nagebi mSvenieri gzebis farTo qseli mTel
kunZulze da rac mTavaria, dRemde auxsneli minosuri civilizaciis mSvidobiani xasiaTi. cneba “axMinoica” ~minosuri mSvidoba~ damkvidrda mecnierebaSi im
sruliad gansakuTrebuli viTarebis aRsaniSnavad, romelic kunZulze sufevda daaxloebiT 500
wlis ganmavlobaSi. aq ar yofila arc erTi cixe, araviTari niSani imisa, rom kretis mosaxleobas minosur periodSi vinmesTan
omi ewarmoebinos, arsad xelovnebaSi garkveul periodamde ar Cans
aramcTu omis Tema, aramed ubraN 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
lod saomari iaraRic ki. kretaze sakmaod maRal doneze iyo ganviTarebuli religia. umTavres
RvTaebas Tu erTaderTs ara, warmoadgenda dedaRmerTi, rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia mTlianad
protoiberiuli samyarosaTvis. rogorc gvaxsovs kolxeTSi, fasisis SesvlelTan napirze aRmarTuli iyo uzarmazari dedaRmerTis qandakeba. qals kretul kulturaSi, iseve rogorc protoiberiuli samyaros
sxva nawilebSi,
Zalzed mniSvnelovani adgili
eWira.
magram daaxloebiT Zv.w. 16
saukunis meore
naxevarSi protoiberiuli
modgmisaTvis sabediswero aRmoCnda. kretas maxloblad mdebare patara kunZul tiraze
vulkan santorinis amofrqveva
moxda, romelic
mecnierTa mier
kacobriobis istoriaSi yvelaze Zlieri amofrqvevad iTvleba. santorinis
katastrofa, romlis masStabebi
Znelad warmosadgenia, gamandgurebeli aRmoCnda protoiberiuli kulturis mTavari
kerisaTvis. marTalia, am katastrofas minosuri kreta mTlianad ar waulekavs, magram katastrofis Sedegad ganadgurda kretelTa Zlierebisa da keTildReobis sayrdeni
maTi cnobili
floti, moisra mravali dasaxlebuli punqti, daqveiTda ferfliT
mofenili vrceli teritoriebis
nayofiereba. yvelaferma aman bolos da bolos kretelebs gamoulia is energia, romelmac maT
TiTqmis 15 saukunis ganmavlobaSi,
adre da Sua brinjaos xanis periodSi, Zveli samyaros yvelaze
ufro rafinirebuli da TviTmyofadi civilizacia Seaqmnevina. swored am energiis wyalobiT SeZles maT santorinis katastrofamde 200 wliT adre, Zv.w. 1700
wlis Zlieri miwisZvris Semdeg
ara mxolod nangrevebidan aRedginaT qalaqebi, aramed kidev ufro maRal doneze aeyvanaT TavianTi kultura. kidev ufro meti
Zala da gavlena moepovebinaT. magram santorinis katastrofam saboloo wertili dasva. swored
es katastrofa aisaxa berZnul
miTebSi devkalionis warRvnis saxiT, romlis dros promeTes mier
Seqmnili modgma (protoiberielebi) nadgurdeba da mis nacvlad
asparezze gamodis helenosi da
misi vaJebi berZnuli civiliza-
ciis mamamTavrebi.
axla ki daubrundeT ~berZnuli~ miTebis samyaros. rogorc
zemoT iqna aRniSnuli, maT safuZvlad edo protoiberiuli, kerZod ki pelazguri miTosi. Zv.w.
me15 saukuneSi minosuri kretas
ganadgurebam dasabami misca berZnul civilizacias, romelmac Tavis mxriv eziara pelazgur sibrZnes da Taviseburad daamuSava
igi. magram miuxedavad elinis-
turi ~damuSavebisa~ miTebSi mainc SeimCneva protoiberiuli
kulturis zegavlena. udidesi berZnuli gmirebi, Tezevsi, herakle
da iasoni im qveynebSi laSqroben
sulieri sibrZnis mosapoveblad,
romlebic warmoSobiT protoqarTuli protoiberiulia (aqilevsic udidesi gmiria, magram igi
dabadebiT pelazgia, amitomac mas
ar Wirdeba arsad ~siaruli~).
aseTi aris minosuri kreta Tezevsis Casvla minosTan, labirinTSi Sesvla, minotavris mokvla
da labirinTidan gamosvla aris
swored im sulier sibrZnesTan
ziareba, romelic bevrad ufro
Zveli da amaRlebulia berZnulze. aseTivea kolxuri kulturac,
romelic argonavtebis Jams ufro maRla dgas berZnulze, rac
aiZulebs 50 saukeTeso berZen vaJkacs aietTan wavides sibrZnis oqros sawmisis saTxovnelad. heraklec xom dakavSirebulia protoiberul modgmasTan. misi ukanaskneli laSqroba aris hesperidebis baRSi Casvla da iqidan oqros vaSlebis wamoReba. daukvirdiT, im garemoebas rom hesperidebis baRi Zvelad iberiad wodebul espaneTSia, xolo vaSlebs damcvelis rols iafetis Svili, atlasi asrulebs, pirveli, vinc mec-
mamuli
nierulad Seiswavla ciuri mnaTobebi. ase rom, iafetis Svilebi,
promeTec da atlasic floben
winaswar metyvelebis unars. rogorc vxedavT, TviT heraklec, berZenTa Soris udidesi gmiri midis protoiberiul samyaroSi, raTa
iqidan misteriuli sibrZne wamoiRos. promeTes mxsneli herakle
amave dros misi saqmis gamgrZelebelic aris. herakle aris misteriaTa sinkretuli kulturis axal
safexurze amyvani gmiri da isic
ekuTvnis winareberZnul, pelazguriberiul
samyaros, Zvel
iberiul misteriebs. herakle,
Zvel iberTa uZvelesi mziuri
RvTaeba gmiri,
Zvel iberTa beladi, mWidrod
aris dakavSirebuli iberebis
erTerT uZveles
samSoblosTan,
pireneebTan. miTi heraklesa da
misi satrfos
pirenes Sesaxeb,
romelic daiRupa pireneebze
(aqedan momdinareobs am naxevarkunZulis saxelwodebac)
asaxavs kavSirs
heraklesa da am
areals Soris,
iseve rogorc
amas mowmobs
gmiris meaTe da
meTerTmete gmirobis istoria.
SemTxveviT rodi ewodeba gibraltars herakles karibWes. garda
amisa herakle pelazguri argosidan aris gamosuli. herakle persevsis Zea, romelmac daafuZna naTelmxilveluri pelazguri kultura da Semdeg gadaiyvana aTenelTa helenur kulturaze. herakle cxebulia herasi, uZvelesi
pelazguriberiuli qalRmerTisa,
romelic winasaxea izidasi, sofiisa, xolo qristianuli gagebiT RvTismSoblisa. amave dros
herakle zevsis Zea, vinaidan man
agreTve aiTvisa da Seisisxlxorca zevsuri, anu indoevropuli
kulturac.
aRsaniSnavia, rom protoqarTuli (iafeturi) modgma jer kidev
antikuri moTologiuri warmodgenebis mixedviT aRiarebulia miRma
samyaroSi gardasuli kacobriobis msajulad. amas naTelyofen
miTebi iapetosis, radamantisisa da
minosis Sesaxeb. iafetidi pirvelmefe minosi (minosi ~azris
matarebels~ niSnavs) romelsac
kolxTa mefis aietis da pacifae
hyavda colad, homerosis ~odiseaSi~ figurirebs, rogorc hadesSi gardacvlilTa msajuli, rac
Suasaukunebrov tradiciaSic gadavida (dantes ~RvTaebrivi komedia~). minosis Zma, radamanTisi eli-
ses netarTa velis msajulia kronosTan da iapetosTan erTad (radamanTisi miTosis mixedviT sisxlis aRebis wesis damkanonebelia).
* * *
~samudamod ukugdebuli unda
iqnas azri qarTuli anbanis mexuTe saukuneSi gamogonebis Sesaxeb
da ganmtkicdes azri, rom qarTuli damwerloba gacilebiT ufro Zvelia da misi dasawyisi Soreul warsulSi da mcire aziaSi
unda veZioT.~
ivane javaxiSvili,
~qarTuli paleografia~
aqve gvinda SevexoT, protoiberiuli samyaros udides miRwevas
damwerlobas. rogorc cnobilia
damwerloba da anbani warmoadgens romelime mocemuli kulturis ganviTarebis mwvervals.
msoflioSi daaxloebiT 5000 eri
arsebobs, magram amave dros mxolod 14 anbania. xom warmogidgeniaT Tu ras niSnavs nebismieri
kulturisaTvis Tavisi sakuTari
anbanis SemuSaveba da misi floba.
finikielebi aRar arseboben, magram maTi anbani dRemde arsebobs
berZnulis, laTinuris da maTgan
warmoqmnil anbanebis saxiT, romlebic kacobriobis udides monapovrad arian aRiarebuli.
istoriulad iTvleba, rom pirveli anbanis Semqmnelebi Sumerebi arian, romlebmac Zv.w. 3 aTaswleulSi sakuTari damwerloba
Seqmnes. samwuxarod dRemde daudgenelia am saocari eris naTesauri kavSirebi, saidan gaCndnen
an sad gaqrnen isini, Tumca arsebobs metad sayuradRebo versiebi,
romlebsac Cven met naklebad SevexeT.
axla ki qarTuli anbanis zogierT sakiTxs SevexoT. rogorc
cnobilia, qarTuli uZvelesi warwera mxolod Cv.w. 4 saukuniTaa
daTariRebuli, Tumca anbanis Seqmna miewereba saqarTvelos pirvel mefes farnavazs, romelic Zv.w.
43 saukuneSi moRvaweobda.
magram Cemi azriT, ukve droa
xmamaRlad ganvacxadoT, rom qarTuli anbani arc Cv.w. 4 saukeneSia Seqmnili da arc Zv.w. 4si.
igi ufro Zvelia, vidre romelime
sxva anbani msoflioSi da uSualod enaTesaveba Sumeruls. qarTuli anbani memkvidrea Sumerulisa, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgenda protoiberiuli anbanis saxesxvaobas.
anbansa Tu damwerlobaze saubris dawyebisTanave pirveli rac
warmogvidgeba Tvalwin wignia,
romelic nebismieri civilizaciis umaRlesi ganviTarebis simboloa. qarTul anbanis Sesaxeb saubris dawyebamde, gvinda mcire xniT
yuradReba SevaCeroT qarTuli
sityva ~wignis~ etimologiaze.
mTel rig mecniers miaCnia, rom
~wigni~ qarTuli sityva araa da
igi berZnullaTinuri ~Signum~isgan momdinareobs, rasac qarTul
zepirsa da literaturul metyvelebaSi miuRia fonetikurvariaciuli saxe ~wigni~. sityva ~wigni pirvelad moxsniebulia erTerT
15
MFHSDTKJ,BC ERTS ITUH’YJ,BCFSDBC
yvelaze adrindel qarTul werilobiT ZeglSi
severian gabalovnelis ‘eqvsTa dReTaSi~, romelic mexuTe saukunis pirvel naxevarSi uTargmniaT da pirvel
qarTul originalur TxzulebaSi ~SuSanikis wamebaSia” moxseniebuli ~Tana waritana evangele
da wmindani igi wigni mowameTa~
Cveni azriT friad sayuradReboa akademikos rismarg gordezianis mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba,
romelic mWidro kavSirSia protoiberiuli civilizaciis TeoriasTan. batoni rismarg gordeziani, emyareba ra v. ivanovis dakvirvebas, acxadebs “qarTuli ~wignis~ warmomavloba axlosaa etruskul fuZesTan Zix (wigni) da
CrdilodasavleT kavkasiis ~wer~
ZirTan. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT cnobil garemoebas, rom etruskebi im
30mde dasaxelebis winare qarTveluri anu kolxurpelazguri modgmis warmomadgenlebi arian, romelTac eWiraT kavkasiis, mcire
aziis, balkaneTis da apeninebis naxevarkunZulebi berZnebis gamoCenamde, advilia vivaraudoT, rom
~wix~ winaberZnuli anu protoiberiuli mosaxleobis sityvaa. filologebis mier damtkicebulia,
rom ~z~ fonema etruskuli transliteraciiT ikiTxeba, rogorc
qarTuli ~c~, xolo ~x~ ki Seesatyviseba ~g~ da ~k~ bgerebs.
aqedan gamomdinare, ~Zix‘ warmoiTqvis rogorc ~cig~, maSasadame, saxezea etruskuli ~cig~is da qarTuli ~wig~ fuZebis etimologiuri naTesaoba. qarTuletruskuli sityvacnebebis fonetikuri Sinaarsobrivi identuroba ar unda
iwvevdes gaocebas, radgan dRes
mecnierebs moepovebaT sarwmuno
wyaroebi, mignebebi da mosazrebani
imis Taobaze, rom qarTvelTa winaprebi idgnen berZnebamdeli civilizaciis anu kavkasiurxmelTaSuazRviseuli (mediteranuli)
kulturis akvanTan. dadgenilia
5000 sityvis Ziri da 300-mde
sityvacneba, romlebsac xmarobdnen
mesame aTaswleulSi SuamdinareTis, mcire aziis, kontinenturi
saberZneTis teritoriebze gansaxlebuli tomebi. es sityvebi imave
mniSvnelobiTa da fonetikuri JReradobiT aRinusxebian dRevandel
qarTvelur leqsikaSi qarTulSi, megrulSi, lazurWanursa da
gansakuTrebiT svanurSi.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, rodesac wignze iwyeba saubari, Cveulebriv nagulisxmevia damwerloba.
paleografiul mecnierebaSi gamoiyofa anbanis Seqmnamde arsebuli, damwerlobis winare ori safexuri piqtografiuli (naxatebiT) da ideografiuli (cnebasqemebiT) wera, romelTa nimuSebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSia aRmoCenili da Seswavlili. es Zeglebi III aTaswleuliTaa daTariRebuli, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom adreul qarTul damwerlobas anu mwignobrul kulturas didi tradiciebi aqvs. amasTan rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, mecnierebaSi TandaTan fexs ikidebs
mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom kacobriobis pirveli damwerloba
Sumeruli anbani genetikurad qarTul asomTavruls ukavSirdeba.
Soreul warsulSi, arsebobda
erTi friad saintereso dauwereli kanoni eri, romelsac Seswev-
16
da Zala Seeqmna damwerloba, aucileblad Zlevamosili da damoukidebeli iqneboda.
sainteresoa, rogor gamoiyurebdnen am mxriv Cveni winaprebi? qarTvelTa Sesaxeb yvelaze arqauli
cnobebi Semonaxuli aqvs miTologiur Tqmulebas argonavtebis Sesaxeb, romelic homerosamdeli epoqis Zeglad, kerZod XIVXIII saukuneebis kuTvnilebad iTvleba.
Tqmuleba gvauwyebs, rom dasavleTSi didi brZanebeli yofila
kretis mefe minos, xolo aRmosavleTSi
kolxeTis mefe aieti.
feakebis mefe alkinoe arwmunebs
dedofals, rom ~mefe aietis mouridebloba ar ivargebs. masze uZlieresi mefe arvinaa. marTalia
Sorsaa, magram Tu moisurvebs eladas oms gamoucxadebso~. aqedan
gamomdinare, aieti imdroindeli
msoflios or uZlieres mefeTagan erTerTia, aravisze damokidebuli da Zlevamosili. amitom, bunebrivia, Tu vifiqrebT, rom aseT
Zlier mefes Seefereba hqondes
sakuTari damwerloba Zlierebisa da misteriuli codnis simbolo. marTlac, imdroindel samyaroSi, damwerloba RvTaebriv movlenad iyo miCneuli. egvi pteSi
mas sakuTari RmerTi hyavda sibrZnis RvTaeba toti, romelsac
egviptelTa uzenaesi RmerTis ras
sityvebis Casawerad egvipturi ieroglifebi Seuqmnia Turme. SemTxveviTi rodia, rom berZnebi ieroglifebs ~RvTiur amonakveTebs~
uwodebdnen, xolo erTerTi uZvelesi ebrauli miTi gvamcnobs, rom
~RmerTma Seqmna asoebi. uzenaess
siamovnebda asoebze fiqri da Sehxaroda maT, TiToeul asoniSans
Tavadve miuCina rigmimdevroba.~
dRes Cven Tamamad SegvviZlia
vTqvaT aiets gaaCnda Tavisi damwerloba! gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieris da sazogado moRvawis ivane
javaxiSvili Tavis wignSi ~qarTuli paleografia~ werda ~samudamod ukugdebuli unda iqnas
azri qarTuli anbanis mexuTe saukuneSi gamogonebis Sesaxeb da
ganmtkicdes azri, rom qarTuli
damwerloba gacilebiT ufro Zvelia da misi dasawyisi Soreul
warsulSi da mcire aziaSi unda
veZioT. qarTuli anbanis moxazuloba iseTia, rom is ar SeiZleba
warmarTobis xanis ar iyos... da
aramcTu warmarTuli xanas, uuZveles xanas ekuTvnis~.
didi mecnieris es azri niSandoblivi gamoxmaurebaa imisa, rasac qarTuli damwerlobis Sesaxeb adasturebs ramdenime antikuri werilobiT informacia, Semonaxuli miTologiur TqmulebaSi argonavtebis Sesaxeb, romelic
epiur Txzulebad ~argonavtikad~
aqcia Zv.w. III saukunis swavlulma apolonios rodoselma. poema
~argonavtika~ Tavisi umdidresi
da uZvelesi cnobebis momcveli
sqolioebiT, uZvirfasesi dokumentia qarTuli (kolxuri) arqauli kulturis warmosaCenad. damwerlobis TvalsazrisiT aq yuradRebas iqcevs sami movlena
~kolxuri kvirbebi~, ~aietis samisno samfexi~ da ~oqros sawmisi~.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani.
argonavtikaSi vkiTxulobT: ~kolxebs Semonaxuli aqvT mamaTagan
naweri kvirbebi, romlebzec mogzaurTaTvis naCvenebia zRvisa da xme-
leTis yvela gza da sazRvari~.
berZnulad ~kvirbi~ niSnavs magar sawer masalas dafas, firfitas, stelas romelzec garda sazRvao da saxmeleTo miniSnebebisa
iwereboda sakanonmdeblo, sakraluri da saRvTismsaxuro teqstebi. kvirbebze homerosis poemebic aRinusxeboda Turme. mecnierTa didi cdebis miuxedavad, sityva ~kvirbis~ axsna indoevropuli
enebis meSveobiT ver moxerxda.
amasTan straboni am sityvas qarTul movlenad miiCnevda. straboni werda, rom ~koribantebi, romelTac damwerlobis kvirbebis Seqmna
miewerebaT, kolxTagan ariano~
istorikosma vl. siWinavam ~kvirbi~ daakavSira qarTul (megrul)
sityvasTan ~kiribi~, rac niSnavs
kravs, batkans.
gizo WeliZem amasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSna ~am dakvirvebas ~maxvilgonieri~ uwoda ak. uruSaZem,
Tumca ar gaiziara igi, rameTu
~kvirbi~ magar sawer masalas niSnavda da ara tyavso. vfiqrobT, es
garemoeba ar unda qmnides dabrkolebas. ~kvirbkiribi~ marTlac maxvilgonieri da sarwmuno etimologiuri Sewyvilebaa. xom dasaSvebia, rom kravis tyavze Sesrulebuli nebismieri teqsti gamoikvrebodes stelaze an dafaze?~
sityvebi ~kolxebs Semonaxuli
aqvT mamaTagan naweri kvirbebi~
ekuTvnis aietis SviliSvils, qalkiopes vaJs argoss, igive aietis
Tanamedroves. gamodis, rom laparakia aietis winaprebze, e.i. kolxebs aietis epoqamde hqoniaT damwerloba ~naweri kvirbebi~.
mefe aietis karze rom damwerloba pativSi yofila, amis mauwyebelia sxva ori mniSvnelovani movlenac ~warweriani samisno samfexi~ da sayovelTaod cnobili ~oqros sawmisi~. romaeli swavluli
diodore sicilieli (Zv.w. I s.)
miuTiTebs, rom kolxeTidan wasulma,
qariSxlisgan gariyulma argonavtebma, zRvis RmerTs tritons ~saCuqrad uboZes Zveli asoebiT amotvifruli spilenZis samfexi~, romelic, Tamar kobaxiZis gamokvleviT, warmoadgenda aietis sakuTrebas, medeam mamis sxva nivTebTan erTad (samefo gvirgvini, mosasxami)
sasaxlidan rom gaitaca. samfexze
Sesrulebul warweras misnuri Zala hqonda. imazec mianiSneben, rom
samfexis Sewirvis rituali Tavad medeam Seasrulao. CvenTvis
amjerad mniSvnelovani is aris, rom
~samfexi~ warmoadgens epigrafiul Zegls ~zedwerils~, rac ~nawer kvirbebTan~ erTad ganamtkicebs azrs kolxuri damwerlobis
arsebobis Sesaxeb.
aqve gvinda kidev davsvaT erTi
SekiTxva ras warmoadgens ~oqros
sawmisi~?
~oqros sawmisi~ zeciurRvTaebrivi simboloa! oqro mzis RvTaebis ganuyreli atributi da misi gamoxatulebaa, xolo cxvari
uSualod RvTis atributia. aqedan gamomdinare, ~oqros sawmisis~
mopovebisaTvis brZola RvTaebasTan miaxloebis idumal gzad unda iqnas gaazrebuli. ~argonavtikis~ mTavari miTosurmxatvruli
RerZi oqros sawmisia, romlis gasataceblad Sesdga saukeTeso berZen gmirTa eqspedicialaSqroba.
Tqmuleba miTosuri moTxrobaa, rac
gulisxmobs realurisa da ara-
mamuli
realuris harmoniul mTlianobaSi warmosaxvas. rogorc troas
gaTxrebma daadastura, Zalzed xSirad miTi istoriul faqtebsac
asaxavs. argonavtebis Tqmulebac
am mxvriv metismetad sagulisxmoa qarTuli damwerlobis saTaveebis saZieblad.
IVIII saukunis berZenma swavlulma palifatem dawera miTografiuli traqtati, romelic dakargulia, magram gadarCenilia am traqtatze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili ucnobi avtoris naSromi ~daujerebelTaTvis~, romelSic xazgasmiT
aris Cawerili palifates sityvebi:~kolxeTSi daculi tyavi, namdvilad oqros sawmisi ki ar iyo,
es poetebis monaWoria, aramed tyavze naweri wigni, Tu rogor SeiZleba miviRoT oqro qimiis saSualebiT, Tanamedroveebma Sesabamisad uwodes mas oqrosi, misgan
gamomdinare moqmedebis gamo~
daaxloebiT amasve gvauwyebs Cv.w.
II saukunis istorikosfilosofosi saraqs pergamonelic, romlis cnoba daucavs Cv. w. XII
saukunis kompilatorinterpretator evstaTi Tesalonikels, da
romelic wers: ~saraqsi ambobda,
rom oqros sawmisi iyo etratze
aRnusxuli xerxi oqros damwerlobisa, romlis gamoc argos laSqroba moewyo~.
Tesalonikelze sami saukuniT
adre ~msoflio qronikis~ avtors
ioane antioqels Tavis TxzulebaSi pirdapir gadmoutania palifates naTqvami: ~oqros sawmisi wigni
iyo tyavze nawerio~. igive cnoba
daculia agreTve leqsikograf svidas (Cv.w. X s.) naSromSic.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Zveli
saukunis XIVXIII saukuneebSi, kolxebs hqondaT epigrafikuli damwerloba (spilenZis samisno samfexi ~ZvelisZveli asoebiT amotvifruli~) da kravis tyavze kvirbze Sesrulebuli ~mamaTagan naweri~ teqstebi, da aseve ~etratze aRnusxuli~ anu ~tyavze dawerili~ oqros sawmisi.
am sakiTxis ganxilvisas unda
wamoiwios kolxurpelazgur tomTa genetikurkulturulteritoriuli erTianobis sakiTxi, rac
qmnis qarTvelTa winaprebis memkvidreobiT cnobierebas. es ki saSualebas gvaZlevs damwerlobis
sakiTxs gansxvavebuli sibrtyidan SevxedoT.
fric Saxermeieri amtkicebs, rom
kretis (pelazgTa) uZvelesi nawarmoebi ena, igive egeosuri ena,
ganekuTvneba kavkasiur enaTa jgufs.
r. gordeziani ki pelazgurs qarTveluri enis struqturul enad
Tvlis. iseTi didi qarTveli
mkvlevarebis, rogorc ak. uruSaZe,
n. keWaRmaZe, T. kobaxiZe da sxvebi,
dakvirvebiT, diodore sicilieli,
Tavis ~istoriul biblioTekaSi~
laparakobs ra homerosis winadroindel mwerlebze, dasZens, rom
~Zveli poetebis maswavlebeli iyo
linosi, romelmac pelazguri asoebiT aRwera dionises saqmeni da
sxva miTebi~. es aris igive e.w.
~minosuri damwerloba~ (kretis
legendaruli mefis saxelidan gamomdinare). miCneulia, rom kolxuri da minosuri damwerlobani
enobrivtomobrivad naTesavi xalxebis Semoqmedebaa. amitom mosalodnelia weris niSnebad orive
identur grafemebs gamoiyenebdnen.
ra Tqma unda minosuri damwerlobis gauSifraoba didad aZnelebs am kiTxvebze pasuxs, magram
miuxedavad amisa Cven SegviZlia
gavagrZeloT msjeloba.
radgan linosma ~pelazguri asoebiT aRwera dionises saqmeni~, xolo samisno samfexze warwera ~Zveli
asoebiT yofila amotvifruli~, amitom protoiberiul modgmaSi fiqtogramebiT wera araa mosalodneli. iqneb weris niSnebad asosTan
mimsgavsebuli grafemebi iyo gamoyenebuli. radgan saqme metismetad
Soreul dros Seexeba, anbanur (bgerobrivad danawevrebuli) damwerlobas ver vigulisxmebT. savaraudoa, mxolod logogramuli damwerloba, roca erTi weris niSani
erT Sesabamis ~logoss~ sityvas
an cnebas gamoxatavs.
asea Tu ise, qarTuli damwerlobis tradiciebi iv. javaxiSvilis Tqmis ar iyos ~uZveles xanas ekuTvnis~. am mxvriv sagulisxmo dakvirvebebi aqvs ramodenime
qarTvel mecniers, maT Soris el.
maJavarians da z. qafianiZes.
el. maWavariani, asomTavruli
grafikuli struqturis ganxilvis Sedegad, gamoricxavs romelime winamorbedi (ucxo) damwerlobidan mis momdinareobas da
erovnul anbanis grafikul sawyisebs (asoTa kompoziciur wyobas)
uZveles qarTul arqiteqturul
ZeglebTan, kvadratul gegmaze damyarebul maTi agebis tipTan, oTxkuTxovani kuTxuri wyobiT gadaxurvis sistemasTan akavSirebs,
rasac Turme hqonia glexur arqiteqturaSi jer kidev aTaswleulebis win.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, protoqarTuli (iafeturi) modgma
da misi ena TandaTan ~damdablebuli~ da ~dawunebuli~ xdeba
Zv.w. III aTaswleulidan, rodesac
evraziaSi iwyeba indoevropelTa
eqspansia da gabatoneba, rac berZnul miTologiaSi simbolizebulia iafetis Zis titan promeTes
mijaWviT kavkasionze da dedamiwaze zevsisa da misi panTeonis
dominirebiT. kidev erTxel moviSveliebT akad. s. yauxCiSvilis
azrs, rom aq saqme gvaqvs ori
sxvadasxva kulturis brZolasTan da urTierTdapirispirebasTan, saxeldobr, promeTe ar aris
berZnuli RvTaeba, igi im xalxis
RmerTia, romelic berZnebis mosvlamde cxovrobda da maRali kulturis matarebeli iyo. xolo
olimpieli zevsi wminda berZnuli RvTaebaa; zevsi im berZnebis
RvTaebaa, romlebic kulturis sakmaod dabal safexurze idgnen, rodesac movidnen da dasaxldnen balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze, egeosis
arqipelagze da mcire aziis dasavleT sanapirioebze. axalmosuli berZnuli mosaxleoba metad
meomruli iyo da ganuwyvetliv
ebrZoda gacilebiT ufro maRali kulturis mqone protoqarTul mosaxleobas. es modgma aRavsebda ara marto kavkasias, aramed
indoeTs, xmelTaSua zRvis auzs,
samxreT evropas, pirineebs, egeosis
arqipelagsa da mcire azias. am
modgmas zogi evropeli mecnieri
uwodebs liguriberiul an euskaroalarodiul modgmas, xolo
Cveni mecniereba iafetur anu iberiulkavkasiurs.
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
@^ VFBCB CFMFHSDTKJIB
- ras niSnavda da rogor aRniSnavdnen emigrantTa pirveli
da Semdgomi Taobebi 26 maiss?
- SemiZlia mxolod imis Sesaxeb giTxraT, rac maxsovs. yovel
26 maiss Zalian didi zeimi imarTeboda, romelzec ara mxolod
mTel emigracias epatiJebodnen,
aramed frang politikosebs, sxva
emigraciebs, sabWoTa kavSiris
erebis warmomadgenlebs. es erTdroulad politikuri Sexvedrac iyo da zeimic, sadac jer
sityviT gamodiodnen da Semdeg
cekva-simRera imarTeboda.
- Tqvens Zmas patara jgufi
hyavda, visTan erTadac qarTul
simRerebs mReroda. Tqven?
- am zeimebze erT dros mec
vcekvavdi da axlgazrdebis jgufTan erTad vmRerodi kidec qarTul simRerebs.
mamaCemi, daaxloebiT, 15 wlis
ganmavlobaSi idga qarTuli saTvistomos saTaveSi da yovelTvis
sityviT gamodioda. am gamosvlebis ZiriTadi mesiji im damoukideblobis aRniSvna iyo, romelic 1918 wels yvela qveynis
mier iyo aRiarebuli. am gamosvlebSi imeds gamoTqvamda, rom
damoukideblobis dro isev dadgeboda.
- wels rogor xvdebian safrangeTSi am dRes?
- didi xnis manZilze jer
saelCo ar iyo safrangeTSi da
mere saelCo da saTvistomo gayofili iyvnen. Cveni saelCos iniciativiT, wels erTad izeimes.
- komunistebi - rogor warmogedginaT isini bavSvobidan?
- zustad ise, rogorc Cems
mSoblebs. rodesac safrangeTis
sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier gamocxadebuli konkursis weriTi nawili gaviare da zepiric unda Camebarebina, swored
am dros sabWoTa saelCos warmomadgeneli movida da Cemi siaSi yofna ministrTan gaaprotesta. miTxres - am protestis
gamo SeiZleba ver migiRoTo.
sabWoTa mxaris argumentiT warmovadgendi ojaxs, romelsac mZime antibolSevikuri warsuli
hqonda. mere amaSi Caeria Cveni
ojaxis axlobeli, warmoSobiT
qarTveli andronikovi, romelic
im dros de golis Tarjimani
iyo da didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda. amis wyalobiT movxvdi di plomatiur samsaxurSi.
- rogor fiqrobT, dRevande-
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
li qarTvelebi mTeli suliT
da guliT grZnoben am dRis
mniSvnelobas? aris es maTTvis
namdvili dResaswauli?
- me mgoni, rom aris. CemTvis
es araCveulebrivi dRea da ara
mxolod imitom, rom 26 maiss
saqarTveloSi veswrebi da rom
aRlumze qarTuli jari gamodis. es CemTvis sizmari, warmoudgeneli ocneba iyo.
- meored damoukidebloba saqarTvelom 9 aprils gamoacxada. fiqrobT, rom es iyo zemodan, ruseTidan daSvebuli damoukidebloba da amitom ar zeimoben am dRes?
- 9 aprili glovasTan dakavSirebuli TariRia da amdenad,
jobia, rom dResaswauli ormagi mniSvnelobis matarebeli ar
iyos.
am orive TariRs met-naklebad hqonda is niSani, rac Tqven
TqviT - ruseTisgan daTmobili
damoukidebloba. arc erTi ar
yofila mopovebuli. magram, pirvelma damoukideblobam 3 weli
gaZlo da swored es aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis
dasawyisi.
- `risTvis wamovediT, Tu isev
dapyrobil saqarTveloSi unda
Cavideo” - Tqva mamaTqvenma 1974
wels, rodesac aq Camosvlis saSualeba mieca. ise gardaicvala, rom ar Camosula. paradoqsia, magram damoukideblobis miuxedavad, rusis jarebi isev aq
dganan. bazebis gayvanis sakiTxze molaparakebebis procesSi
rusebs etyobodaT gaRizianeba
im cvlilebebis gamo, rac saqarTveloSi, ukrainaSi moxda da
rasac ukve veRaraferi SeaCerebs?
- mgonia, rom rusebi erTdroulad ormxrivad gaRizianebulebi arian da ara imdenad ukanaskneli movlenebis gamo, aramed imis gamo, rom amas saqarTvelos dakargvad afaseben. Tumca, Sexvedrebis dros es naklebad igrZnoba, radgan molaparakebebi profesionalur doneze
mimdinareobs. metadre lavrovTan, romelic ti puri profesionali di plomatia da Tu is
rames gamoxatavs, es kargad aris
awonil-dawonili da ar aris
emociuri, piradi gaRizianeba.
lavrovi kargad flobs molaparakebebis instrumentebs da am
codnas iyenebs. gaRizianebis foni,
udaod arsebobs da rusebTan
nebismier molaparakebaSi es aris
arsebiTi problema. isini ver
aRgviqvamen, rogorc mezobels, romelTanac SeiZleba saerTo interesebi gvqondes. es yvelaferi emociur, araracionalur fonzea, rac molaparakebebSi sirTuleebs qmnis.
- ruseTis mxridan am etapze
ra aris vaWrobis mTavari Tema?
- mTavari argumenti jarebis
gayvanis teqnikuri sirTuleebia. rac am molaparakebebSi CaverTe, jarebis argayvanis sakiTxi ar dasmula da es sakiTxi
stambulSi moixsna, rodesac rusebma bazebis gayvanaze Tanxmoba
ganacxades. Tu zogierTi rusi
Cemi
sizmari
da
ocneba
gulaxdili saubari salome zurabiSvilTan
ssrk-s maSindeli pirveli mdivani xruSCovi parizSi Cadioda. eSinodaT, vinmes
bombi ar esrola. erT diliT, levan zurabiSvili da ramdenime `saSiSi” qarTveli parizs gaarides da cota xniT, korsikaze gadaasaxles. Svilebi, patara salome da oTari dabRverilebi uyurebdnen, rogor mihyavdaT mamiko. imave dilas
dedam bavSvebi skolaSi waiyvana. skola moSorebiT iyo da avtobusiT unda emgzavraT. avtobusebze sabWoTa droSebi iyo damagrebuli. bavSvebma es rom dainaxes, ar avalTo - gamoacxades. dedam uTxra, xruSCovis gulisTvis taqsSi fuls
ar davxarjav, Tvalebze xelebi avifaroT da ise vimgzavroTo...
dRes es patara salome, patara saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministria da im
dros qarTvel emigrantTa Svili am postze verc iocnebebda.
samxedros da dumis wevris gancxadebebs ar CavTvliT, oficialuri pirebisgan arasdros ar
aris dava bazebis gayvanis princi pis Sesaxeb. putinis ukanaskneli gancxadeba, rodesac man
Tqva, rom Tu mosaxleobas Seni
iq yofna ar surs, iq ar unda
iyoo, swored amaze metyvelebs.
amdenad, mTeli maTi argumentacia mxolod teqnikuri xasiaTis aris - ra vuyoT Cvens jariskacebs, maT mowyobas bevri
fuli unda, sad gadaviyvanoTo
da sxva.
- da, ra Tqma unda, qarTuli
mxare gayvanis procesSi ruseTs
yovelgvar teqnikur daxmarebas
pirdeba...
- es mzadyofna yovelTvis arsebobs, oRond zomierebis farglebSi. maTi mxridan 500 milionis moTxovna iyo argumenti, raTa ar wamosuliyvnen molaparakebaze.
- erT-erT interviuSi brZaneT,
rom ruseTSi `Zalian garkveviT
unda icodnen, sad aris Cveni
wiTeli xazi. unda icodnen, rom
am wiTeli xazis gadakveTis SemTxvevaSi Cvengan mwvave reaqcias
miiReben”. molaparakebebis procesSi es zRvari daaweseT?
- zRvari maSin dadgeba, rodesac ganvucxadebT, rom maTTan
molaparakebebi aRar gvainteresebs. magram, es momenti araTu
ar damdgara, aramed progresiskenac mivdivarT. molaparakebebs
Zalian didi saerTaSoriso ga-
mamuli
moxmaureba mohyva da yvela Cvenma
partniorma zustad icis, romel etapze raze vlaparakobT
da raze SevTanxmdiT. es yvelaferi sruli gamWvirvalobiT Catardeba. ar arsebobs, maT raime
punqti daarRvion da Cven amaze
gavCumdeT.
- saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis sxva skola gaiareT da sul
sxva gamocdileba gaqvT. qarTul saerTaSoriso urTierTobebs mxolod 10 wliani biografia aqvs. profesiuli TvalsazrisiT, ra ver daZlies qarTvelma di plomatebma?
- aqauri di plomatebisa da
sistemis mimarT arc pretenzia
maqvs da arc problemebi. ra
Tqma unda, xarvezebic aris da
problemebic - erT dRes kmayofil var, meore dRes vyviri, magram jamSi, ver vityvi, rom 10
wliani sistema ar moqmedebs.
ruseTTan molaparakebebSi ver
vigrZeni, rom Cven ramenairad sustebi varT maTTan SedarebiT.
zogjer vjobdiT kidec imitom,
rom sxva foni gvaqvs - Cveni
samxedroebi mxars gviWeren da
sxva.
ase rom,Cveni problema diplomatebi ki ara, aradi plomatebi
arian, romlebic garedan fiqroben, rom di plomatebi arian.
diplomatia imdenad advili saqme hgoniaT, rom yvelas aqvs imis
ambicia, rom di plomatia ician,
rom SeuZliaT di plomatiuri
molaparakebebis warmarTva da
yvelaferSi erevian. ufro es
aris problema, Torem, Signidan
normaluri da misaRebi procesia. arc iseT dabal safexurze
varT da sul ufro win mivdivarT.
- rogor ggoniaT, winaprebs
sanukvar ocnebas ausrulebT da
Tqven gaacilebT saqrTvelodan
rusis jars?
- es aris erT-erTi nawili
im misiisa, romelic vikisre da
minda, rom Sevasrulo. es rom
mxolod Cemze iyos damokidebuli, ra Tqma unda, Sevasrulebdi. magram es misiis erT-erTi
nawilia, kidev sxvac aris - nato,
evrokavSiri, stabiluroba regionSi... amitom, aq did xans
davrCebi - daaaxloebiT, erTi
saukuniT...
maia WalaganiZe
momaval nomerSi:
saqarTvelos respublikis
damoukideblobis aRdgenis istoriuli
aqtis fotoreproduqcia, romlis
originali dakargulia!
17
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@! ctmntv,thc8
istoriuli kadri
kargad daakvirdiT am suraTs...
am xatze samTxvevad momarTul ymawvilsac...
da im xatsac, romelsac igi emTxveva...
minda am suraTis miRma qarTveli mrevlis udidesi rwmenac dainaxoT, rom cdiloben ar moswydnen TavianT deda-eklesias
da zogjer erTaderT gamosasvlel dRes
niu-iorkSi miiCqarian, wmida ninos qarTul
eklesiaSi salocavad.
iq mrevls saocrad Tbili, qarTuli
`aura~ elodeba, saTno da keTili moZRvaric, dekanozi aleqsandre TandilaSvili,
da ukve erTaderTi xatis reproduqciac,
romelmac wmida ninos saxe Semogvinaxa.
iamaye saqarTvelov! Seni sisxli da xorci niu-iorkSi `mamulSi~ dabeWdil wmida
ninos xatze loculobs.
18
mamuli
N 14,
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19
HFC FH UFBUT,=
1992 wels presaSi gamoqveynda
mogoneba ruseTis samefo karTan,
kerZod, nikoloz II-is ojaxTan
daaxloebul cnobil pirovnebaze,
rasputinis siZed Tu sasiZod monaTlul quTaisel simonika fxakaZeze. mogonebis avtori- simonikas biZaSvilis Svili (dedis mxridan), aw gardacvlili vera gvancelaZe-jiqia, adamiani, romelic simonikas ded-mamis ojaxSi Sinauri iyo da cxadia, ax-loblobda
Tavad simonikasTan.
mewaRis Svilze, gaaznaurebul
oficer, aristokratuli manerebis mqone simonika fxakaZeze bevri
daiwera, magram misi azrovneba ramdenadme negatiurad warmoCnda da
faqtebis gazviadebisa da damaxinjebis tendenciam iCina Tavi. Jurnalistebi, mwerlebic ki, am kacis
pirovnul TvisebebSi da biografiul monacemebSi eZebdnen sensaciurs da Sordebodnen WeSmaritebas. Cemi `gaxsenebac” ar iqneba
amomwuravi, magram iqneba marTali,
obieqturi. simonika fxakaZeze ki
kidev daiwereba da ufro naTlad
warmoCndeba am kolorituli pirovnebis avan-Cavani.
me mTlianad veyrdnobi Cemi dedis- vera gvancelaZe-jiqias mogonebebs (simonika fxakaZes piradad ar movswrebivar, magram kargad maxsovs simonikas deda da
sami da-Zma, sakmaod axlosac viyavi maTTan, magram iyo periodi, roca aseT pirovnebaze wera ar SeiZleboda, amitom bevri saintereso
faqti, romelic SeiZleboda mimeRo misi aw ukve gardacvlili
da-Zmebisgan, daikarga, daikarga fotosuraTebic, romlebzec, Cemi dedis gadmocemiT, aRbeWdili iyo
simonika nikoloz II-is ojaxTan
erTad, nikoloz II-is erT-erT qaliSvils, saxeldobr tatianas, simonikas oficris qudi exura).
vera gvancelaZe-jiqias mogonebebSi gadmocemul faqtebSi Cven
SevecadeT dagvenaxa simonika fxakaZis WeSmariti buneba, rogorc
ucxour niadagze gadanergili
qarTuli jiSis transformaciis
Sedegi, raSic mSobliurma genebma
mainc imZlavra da misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi ufro naTlad warmoaCina: ruseTSi xangrZlivi cxovrebis miuxedavad simonika fxakaZe WeSmarit qarTvel kacad warmogvidgeba, mas savsebiT SenarCunebuli hqonda qarTuli xasiaTi
da adaT-wesebisadmi siyvaruli.
igi amiTac gamoirCeoda im dros
peterburgSi drosmatarebel moqeife oficrebs Soris. cnobilia
gamoTqma-yvelani Cveni bavSvobidan
movdivarTo da simonika fxakaZis
xasiaTis CamoyalibebaSi upirvelesi roli, albaT, im ojaxur
garemos unda miekuTvnos, sadac
tradiciuli qarTuli wesebi iyo
gabatonebuli.
simonikas mama ivane fxakaZe saxarazos mepatrone iyo da sakmaod SeZ-lebulic. deda-eduki muxianeli babunaSvilis qali gaxldaT. warmosadegi, darbaiseli, keTili, niadag qarTul kabasa da
Cixti-kops atarebda. mas gansakuTrebuli ganaTleba ar hqonda
miRebuli, magram Wkua-gonebiT, aR-
20
zrdiTa da Sinagani kulturiT
diaRac rom sayovelTao mowonebasa da pativiscemas imsaxurebda.
fxakaZeebis ojaxSi, romelic mermindel wulukiZis, axlandel asaTianis quCaze sakuTar saxlSi
cxovrobda, Tavs iyrida imdroindeli quTaisis warCinebuli sazogadoeba. ojaxs xuTi Svli hyavda: ori ulamazesi qaliSvili da
sami vaJi, maT Soris simonika rigiT meore iyo. tradiciul qarTul ojaxSi aRzrdili simonika
da misi da-Zmebi, gimnaziis wyalobiT, imTaviTve evropul kulturasac iyvnen naziarebi. am ojaxis
ufrosi vaJiSvili aleqsandre social-demokrati gaxda, riTac
mSoblebi didad ukmayofiloni
darCnen. igi ruseTSi wavida da
mas Semdeg aravin icoda misi bedi,
mis saxels tabu daedo ojaxSic
da sanaTesaoSic. bavSvobaSi simonika Zalian celqi yofila. imTaviTve mJRavndeboda misi damoukidebuli da gabeduli xasiaTi.
iqve axlos cxovrob-da maiakovskis ojaxi. simonika da valodia
bavSvobaSi megob-robdnen. erTxel
raionze sabanaod gaparulan. SeSfoTebul mSoblebs yvelgan uZebniaT, magram ver warmoedginaT, Tu
rionze sabanaod gabe-davdnen wasvlas. mSoblebi ukve sasowarkveTilebamde iyvnen misuli, rom gamoCenilan. simonikas mamas jer
oriveni gauSoltia, Semdeg ki saqaTmeSi daumwyvdevia.
ojaxSi bavSvebis aRzrdas ZiriTadad deda xelmZRvanelobda.
saRamos, Cais Semdeg, bavSvebs adre
aZinebdnen xolme, Semdeg ki colqmari vaxSams Seeqceoda. aziurad,
tilogadafarebul taxtze Slidnen sufras. iqve aucileblad patara doqiT Rvino edgaT. aq, am
sufrasTan, uziarebda col-qmari
erTmaneTs gasuli dRis ambebs da
samomavlo gegmebs saxavda urTierTTanxmobiT. metad Sexmat-kbilebuli col-qmari iyo. zogjer
eduki mis ganuyrel dairasac Semohkravda dabal xmaze, rom mezobel oTaxSi bavSvebs ar gaeRviZaT. am dros bavSvebi, Ramis perangSi, sawolidan wamoSlilebi, karis WuWrutanidan uTvalTvalebdnen mSoblebis “nadims”. mSoblebi Tvals rom Seaswrebdnen, datuqsavdnen xolme da Seabrunebdnen sawolebSi.
ojaxis diasaxlisi eduki bazarSi arasodes dadioda. masTan
SeCveuli iyo erTi kaci, saxelad
arona, romelic yovel diliT miiRebda misgan dakveTas da fuls.
moutanda bazridan da maRaziidan
umaRlesi xarisxis produqtebs:
TarTis naWers, xizilalas, Sav msuqan dedals, ramdenime saxeobis
yvels, bostneuls, mwvanils, xils.
arona sxva SeZlebul ojaxebsac
emsaxureboda. eduki bebiaCemis mamida iyo, magram mas mamidas eZaxda
Cveni sanaTesaos yvela warmomadgeneli (maT Soris dedaCemi da
mec), igi mTel sanaTesaoSi udidesi avtoritetiT sargeblobda.
maxsovs, rodesac romelime naTesavs raime gasaWiri daadgeboda,
imwams eduki mamidas uxmobdnen
xolme; misi dinji, auCqarebeli
nabijiT Semosvla, imediani sityva da sakiTxis brZnuli gansja
udidesi Svebis momgvreli iyo.
peterburgSi mudmivad mcxovrebi simonika arasdros iviwyebda
mSobliur keras. igi drodadro
Camodioda quTaisSi da aucileblad moinaxu-lebda naTesavebsac.
Tan Camohqonda saCuqrebi da bevr
saintereso ambavsac yveboda sasaxlis karis cxovrebaze. es ulamazesi vaJkaci nikoloz II-is ojaxSi xSirad xvdeboda rasputinis
qaliSvils matronas, romelsac
Zlier Sehyvarebia simonika. imperatoris ojaxs xeli Seuwyvia
da simonika misi oficialuri saqmro gaxda, magram rasputinis mkvlelobam xeli SeuSala am qorwinebas. simonika megobrebma gaafrTxiles, rom mzaddeboda rasputinis
mkvleloba. simonikas audiencia
uTxovia imperatorTan da mouxsenebia misTvis, rom kavkasiaSi miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad, man qorwinebis win mSoblebis locva-kurTxeva unda miiRos, risTvisac iTxovda samSobloSi gamgzavrebis
nebarTvas. imperators neba daurTavs. es iyo 1916 weli. quTaisSi
Camosuli simonika saxlSi Caike-
matrona
rasputinis quTaiseli sasiZo
londa jiqia
ta da arsad Cndeboda. Tan Camoitana rasputinis qaliSvilis fotosuraTi da rasputinis uzarmazari CiTis perangi, rogorc iSviaToba, saCveneblad. aRniSnuli
nivTebi sxvenze Seinaxes. Semdeg
simonika daqorwinda quTaiseli
tatiSvilis ulamazes qalze. es
Tvalwarmtaci wyvili xSirad daseirnobda quTaisis quCebSi. simonika Sav cxenze ijda, meuRle ki,
“amazonkaSi” gamowyobili, TeTr
cxenze. lala tatiSvili bolos
TbilisSi cxovrobda da marjaniSvilis saxelobis TeatrSi muSaobda rekvizitis gamged.
simonikas cxovreba peterburgSi aRsavsea TavgadasavlebiT. erTerTi maTgani burTikaSvilsac aqvs
aRwerili Tavis mogonebebSi. erTxel cxenze amxedrebuli simonika peterburgis centralur quCaze midioda. am dros aq gubernators unda Camoevlo da “gorodovoi” quCas aTavisuflebda
ekipaJebisagan. simonikam yuri ar
aTxova “gorodovois” moTxovnas,
amayad ganagrZo gza Sua quCaSi
da win SeefeTa gubernatoris amalas. am Tavxedobis gamo mas sasjelad sami dRiT “karcerSi” yofna miesaja.
im dros, rodesac qarTuli aristokratiis gaevropelebuli nawili ukadrisobda yvelafer aziurs, simonikas monawileobiT quTaisSi Catarebuli yvela mejlisi bolos qarTuli qeifiTdoliTa da dudukebiT mTavrdeboda. ase iyo simonikas dis, quTaisSi silamaziT ganTqmuli mariamis qorwilis drosac. mariami
mamuli
quTaisSi brwyinvale aristokratuli ojaxis-gaidamaSCukebis rZali gaxda. qorwili gadaixades
amJamindeli tician tabiZis quCaze mdebare gaidamaSCukebis saxlSi, romelsac SesaniSnavi baRi
hqonda (am saxlSi Semdeg samxedroebi dabinavdnen), jvari ki mTavarangelozis eklesiaSi daiweres.
gaidamaSCukebis did ezoSi zaTqiTa da xmauriT gaixsna Sampanurebi da dailia nefe-dedoflis
sadRegrZelo. baRSi idga patara
magidebi sasmelebiTa da tkbileuliT, romlebsac stumrebi fexze mdgomni Seeqceodnen (“a la
furSet”, rogorc frangulad
uwodeben), Semdeg ki darbazSi gadainacvles, sadac gaSlili iyo
SesaniSnavi sufra. kerZebs Soris
sufras amSvenebda langrebze dawyobili cocxaliviT Sebumbluli xoxbebi. stumrebi moxerxebulad gadaxsnidnen apks, romelSic surnelovan Caxoxbils madismomgvreli oxSivari asdioda.
qorwili evropuli wesiT, samejliso cekvebiTa da simRerebiT
gadaixades. gaTenebisas, rgorc igonebs am qorwilis damswre vera
gvancelaZe-jiqia (igi maSin gogona iyo da dedoflis kabis “Sleifi” eWira), baRidan moisma dudukebis xma-dilis saari. mariamis Zmas simonikas, romelic peterburgidan sagangebod iyo Camosuli, moeyvana medudukeebi. es
gaevropelebuli aristokrati
gulSi namdvilad qarTvelad rCeboda da qarTuli sufris lazaTic kargad icoda. man darbazSi
Semoiyvana damkvrelebi. aziuri sak-
ravebis-dolisa da dudukis xmam
stumrebSi Secbuneba gamoiwvia. daukres “lekuri” (ase uwodebdnen
maSin cekva “qarTuls”). pirveli
wre TviT simonikam Camouara da
gaiwvia Tavisi umcrosi da nino.
gaxurda cekva, qarTvel mamakacebs
TandaTan aenToT saxeebi, isinic
Caebnen cekvaSi, gaiwvies qalebi, gacocxlda qarTuli suli...
Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg
simonika dabrunda saqarTveloSi.
TbilisSi man daaarsa ipodromi
da cxenTsaSeni (“konozavodi”, rogorc maSin uwodebdnen), sadac
wminda jiSis cxenebi gamohyavdaT
doRisaTvis. simonika fxakaZe respresirebuli iyo orjer, 1936 wels
igi gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala.
darCa erTaderTi qaliSvili (romelsac sayvareli umcrosi dis
saxeli-nino daarqva) da SviliSvilebi. fxakaZeebis gvaris gamgrZelebelia simonikas ZmisSvili
oTar fxakaZe, romelSic xelaxla
gansaxierda simonika fxakaZis vaJkacuri fizikuri silamaze. TbilisSi cxovrobs simonikas ufrosi
dis mariamis vaJi vaxtang gaidamaSvili ojaxiT.
simonika fxakaZis, am ubadlo
qarTveli vaJkacis saxeli da misi
gasaocari Tavgadasavlebi legendad gadaecema STamomavlobas, rogorc qarTuli genis kidev erTi
iSviaTi gamovlineba.
quTaisSi dakrZalulia simonikas mama-ivane fxakaZe, romlis saflavi TviT simonikas gaukeTebia 1912
wels, xolo deda da debi, moxda
ise, rom TbilisSi, vakis sasaflaoze ganisveneben.
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
CFABMHFKB
Zveli fotografi jiutad
icavs winaparTa Cvevas: lariviT
gamarTuli qarTuliT metyvelebs da lariviT welSi gamarTuli dadis. ai, misi profesia
ki SesaZloa mTlad ver yofiliyo misi winaprebis mosawoni.
isini fotografobas mxolod
alRoian xelosanTa saqmed
Tvlidnen. albaT imitomac, rom
maT Tavis gamoCenis sxva asparezic hqondaT. oTar kakabaZem
ki swored ase SeZlo samSoblos samsaxuri - man me-20 saukunis saqarTvelo Tavis fotoebze “Seinaxa” da ucxoeTSi gafantuli didi qarTvelebis suraTebic moagrova. ase Seiqmna
eris fotomatianis mniSvnelovani nawili. sxvaTa Soris, oTar
kakabaZis fotomontaJebze bevri
Cvengani aRizarda - skolebSi
gamofenili qarTvel moRvaweTa
suraTebi dResac mis saxelosnoSi mzaddeba. Tumca axla es
simdidre erT nestian da mouwyobel sardafSi inaxeba operasTan axlos. ostati arqivs yoveldRe alagebs da imedianadac
gaxlavT: fiqrobs, rom dadgeba
Jami, mova STamomavloba, romelic
daafasebs winaparTa danatovars.
Zveli fotografi tragikuli qarTvelebis cxovrebis istoriebsac agrovebda... am istoriaTa mcire nawili aseTi gaxlavT:
ambavi Camomitane...
- saqarTvelos saukeTeso Svilebi ucxoeTSi drom gaaqcia.
gifiqriaT ra mogvividoda, rom
ar gvyoloda eqvTime TayaiSvili, ra daemarTeboda im simdidres, romelic qarTvelebma ZlivZlivobiT davagroveT? - aRar
gveqneboda! SimSiliT kvdeboda,
magram am qonebidan gramic ar
gauyidia. werils werilze agzavnida bolSevikebTan (romlebsac arasodes wyalobda): cudad var, daaCqareT da es simdidre gamoisyideTo. aq Camoiyvanes da mere miatoves. maxsovs,
ras werdnen masze Cveni gazeTebi: amisTana swavlulma kacma
menSevikebs xeli Seuwyo da yvelaferi gaataninao. magram vis
ras moatyuebdnen, - maSindel
axalgazrdobas farulad mosdioda signalebi, vin risi gamkeTebeli iyo ucxoeTSi. iciT,
rogor mohqondaT ucxoeTidan
werilebi? - daakakunebdnen, Semoagdebdnen da gaqrebodnen. Cemi megobris mamam, kolia saRaraZem, dakarguli Svili levani
oTar kakabaZe
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
ase i pova: erTxelac Cumad miTxra, dRes Cveni ojaxisTvis axali weli gaTenda, imitom rom
levikos werili miviReTo... erT
dRes levani quTaisidan baTumSi wavida da gaqra. eZebes, magram verc mkvdari naxes da verc
cocxali. cocxali aRarc egona,
magram kolia biZias, cnobilma
Tbiliselma fotografma evtixi Jvaniam foto misca - ucnobma qalma mTxova, gamimravleo.
me ar mcalia, Senc xom ici es
saqme, damexmareo... fotoze magidas oTxi kaci ejda Turme...
bavi momiyva: stalinma ikiTxa
Turme, quTaisSi meetle rom iyo,
gvarad melia, sad ariso... moZebnes da mouyvanes. Tu gaxsovvaro, hkiTxa. - arao. me is biWi
var, rom mosdevdnen, Sen ki wyaltubomde Caiyvane. fuli ar hqonda da uTxari, mSvidobiT iare,
roca geqneba, maSin gadamixadeo...
meetlem ver gaixsena - amas axali etli uyideTo, - stalinma
da, Tan yvela gadasaxadi mouxseniTo...
maxinjaureli polkovniki
hyveboda stalinze, - sikeTes ar
da. SevediT... uecrad Semodis
konstantine gamsaxurdia. kiteli da galife acvia da Tanac
halstuxi ukeTia. CvenTan dabrZandiTo, vTxoveT. aba, yaeni ki
ar var, marto rom davjdeo.
bevri gvelaparaka. sul dagvaviwyda tyviebi da germanelebi....
rom wamovizarde, galaktions
davuaxlovdi. erTxel zemelTan Semxvda, belinskis quCaze
wavediT, sardafSi. iq Cveni fexburTelebi qeifobdnen, matCi
hqondaT mogebuli da... ukiTxa
galaktionma leqsebi... amaze didi
es foto
ibeWdeba pirvelad
rom wamovizarde, galaktions davuaxlovdi. erTxel
zemelTan Semxvda, belinskis quCaze wavediT, sardafSi.
iq Cveni fexburTelebi qeifobdnen, matCi hqondaT mogebuli da... ukiTxa galaktionma leqsebi... amaze didi
jildo ra iqneboda, - modioda da modioda sadRegrZeloebi, mere mxrebSi amovudeqiT da barbaciT miviyvaneT
saxlamde. sul CemTan dadioda suraTebis gadasaRebad... erTi misi foto
maqvs, jer arsad dabeWdila. rom dakarga, is leninis ordeni ukeTia da xelSi “papirozi” uWiravs. aseTi iyo sinamdvileSi...
im oTxidan erTSi Svili icno
da kinaRam guli gauskda. fotoebis patronma daakavSira levanTan... Cveni kalaTburTelebi
rom siriaSi wavidnen, kolia biZiam nodar jorjikias daavala,
Svilis ambavi gamigeo. levans
ukve fabrika hqonda iq gaxsnili. biWebi restoranSi dapatiJes Turme. nodari ambobda, kibeze rom avdiodiT, orkestrma
`samSoblo” daukra, kuTxeSi ki
magidas levani marto misjdomoda da tirodao...
Semdgom levani da misi qaliSvilebi araerTxel estumrnen saqarTvelos, mixaria, maTi
STamomavali dRes rom TbilisSi cxovrobs.
unikaluri fotoebi
maqvs stalinis...
- mas bevri ar scems pativs,
magram me vafaseb... rogor ar
davafaso? gana bevri gvyavs iseTi qarTveli, vinac msoflio
Tavis Wkuaze atara? samSoblo
gawirao. Tavi ar gawira? - ucxoobaSi muxanaTurad daasrula sicocxle - sikvdilis Semdeg im xalxma, visac emsaxureboda, mtrad aqcia... Cveni miwis
Svilia da Cvenve unda Segvecodos. arc ise gulqva iyo, rogorc amboben. 1936-Si Cems das
moskovSi, fizkulturis olimpiadaze gavyevi. tribunis mopirdapire mxares videqi da kargad maxsovs, ra gaakeTa stalinma, roca diqtorma gamoacxada,
qarTvelebi gamodiano. mujlugunebiT miswi-moswia win mdgomi eJovi da voroSilovi da
moajirs moawyda. me mas vuyurebdi, is kidev Cvens sportsmenebs...
erTi unikaluri foto maqvs:
stalini quTaisSia - aqeT is
zis, iqiT beria da SuaSi - qalaqkomis mdivani. ramdenime
wlis Semdeg qalaqkomis mdivnis naTesavma imdRevandeli am-
kargavdao. es kaci mefis policieli yofila. ijda Turme da
Tavis aivanze, Cais svamda ojaxis wevrebTan erTad. mitingidan Semovardnila ezoSi ymawvili... mivxvdi, mosdevdnen da
sardafisken vuCvene, mand daimale-meTqi. Cavida Tu ara, Jandarmebi Semocvivdnen. vuTxari,
aq aravin Semosula-meTqi. ukan
rom gabrundnen, is biWi amoviyvane da fuli mivecio... moxda
revolucia, gavida wlebi. erT
dResac damiZaxes da miTxres,
stalini polkovnikobiT gajildoebso. stalinis Svilsac vicnobdi, iakobs. TbilisSi stumrad Camodioda Tengiz JRentis
SvilTan, kokisTan. Zalze ubralo kaci iyo. es Tengiz JRenti
kidev fili pe maxaraZesTan muSaobda. komunistebi ki varT, magram mainc qarTvelebi varTo, ambobda da amisaTvis 37-Si Sinapatimroba miusajes... Tavi moikla. es ambavi kokis colisdam
miambo: xmauri momesma da WuWrutanaSi Sevixede. davinaxe revolveri eWira xelSi, im wuTSi vikivle, ras Svrebi-meTqi, magram gaisrola da iatakze ukve
sisxliani davardao. ai aseTi
kacis SvilTan megobrobda iakobi. sxvaTa Soris, iakobs ekuTvnis sityvebi: - Svilebi mamebis
gamo pasuxs ar agebeno...
mixakis
ordenis raindebi
- Zvelmoduri kaci xaro, meubnebian, magram me mainc vambob,
rom Cemi drois adamianebma saqmiT daamtkices TavianTi keTilSobileba.
...maxsovs, omis dros 14-15
wlis biWebi Cems deduleTSi
wavediT soxumSi. wvalebiT naSovni fuli gvqonda. erTma aiCema, restoranSi unda SevideTo. ra gverestorneboda - soxumidan 12 kilometrSi germanelebis tyviebis zuzuni ismo-
mamuli
jildo ra iqneboda, - modioda
da modioda sadRegrZeloebi, mere
mxrebSi amovudeqiT da barbaciT miviyvaneT saxlamde. sul
CemTan dadioda suraTebis gadasaRebad... erTi misi foto
maqvs, jer arsad dabeWdila. rom
dakarga, is leninis ordeni ukeTia da xelSi “papirozi” uWiravs. aseTi iyo sinamdvileSi...
rusTavelze xSirad vxvdebodiT paolosa da ticians. Zalian momwonda ticianis jibeSi wiTeli mixaki... ai, aseTi
xalxi iyo Zvelad.
saqarTvelos lamazebi
- bevri lamazi qali dadioda
TbilisSi. axlandeli gogonebic Zalian lamazebi arian, magram imaT mainc ver Sevadareb.
isini bevrad ufro saTnoebi iyvnen. imitom, rom Tavis movlis
dro hqondaT da simSvideSi
cxovrobdnen. es saxezec eweraT. ai, Cveni kulturis ministris bebia, zeinabi iyo umSvenieresi qalbatoni. mTeli Tbilisi Sestrfoda naTela cxomeliZes, mzia javaxiSvils, babulia TvalavaZes... ai aseT silamazes viRebdi fotoebze.
rogori iqneba
uCvenod saqarTvelo?
- megobari myavs, eqimi levan
WaWiaSvili, Tbilisis koloriti. erTxel mkiTxa: neta, Cven
rom aRar viqnebiT, saqarTvelo
rogori iqnebao?.. mas Semdeg amaze vfiqrob. ar momwons, yvelaferi fulze rom iyideba. sikeTe yovelTvis unda iyos, ise
arc adamiani darCeba... erTxel
levans vTxove, kacs fuli ara
aqvs da operacia gaukeTe-meTqi.
moiyvane, ras mexvewebio. ase exmareboda erTmaneTs xalxi. axla eWvi mepareba, aseTi ram moxdes... iciT, ra ar unda dagvaviwydes? - saqarTveloTi siamaye. adre wyalwaRebuli kacisTvisac rom Seeginebina vinmes
samSoblo, Tavs Seaklavda. Salva beruaSvili swavlobda Cems
klasSi... mere kanonieri qurdi
gaxda. 22 wlisa magadanSi gadaasaxles, male misi Zma da rZalic magadanSi gaamweses - oRond
xelmZRvanel muSakebad. rZali
eqimi iyo, qva gaxvrita da koloniaSi mazli pirvelad naxa... am qalma miambo, iseTi lamazi vaJkaci davinaxe, Tavi zRaparSi megona. vuTxari, xalxi
dagixocavs da Senamde Zlivs
momiSves... aseTi kargi ojaxis
Svili tyuilubralod kacismkvleli rogor gaxdebodi, ar
damimalo, ra moxda-meTqi... magaT saqarTvelo Semigines, es ver
avitaneo... ase upasuxia...
TqvenTvis Seminaxavs...
- am xnis kaci partiaSic ki
Sevedi vaxtang boWoriSvilTan...
megobari iyo Cemi. miTxra, axalgazrdobas sWirdebio... mindoda, saqarTvelosTvis raime kidev gamekeTebina. ver movinele
ZmaTamkvleli omi. yoveldRe
movdiodi Cems sardafSi (arada,
zustad aq isrodnen tyviebs).
erTi qarTveli qali, elza benaSvili mexmareboda - naTelSi
iyos misi suli. verafriT davatovebine aqauroba. es fotoebi eris simdidrea da aravis
gavanadgurebinebo... erTxelac,
rom movedi, Jurnalisti daviT
mWedliSvili damxvda TavSefarebuli... Tvalebi gaudidda: batono oTar, am tyviebSi rogor dadixarTo? Cemi sicocxle
axalgazrdobis sicocxlesTan
ra mosatani iyo. Tanac, aqaurobas rogor davtovebdi. me xom
mTeli sicocxle saqarTvelosTvis viSrome... Cem garda uamravi adamianis Sromaa Cadebuli am fotoebSi. ai, axlac mexmareba erTi qalbatoni, Taliko
gabedava... me ki Sromis safasurad verafers vuxdi da amas
Zalian ganvicdi. magram iciT,
ra miTxra: - batono oTar, nu
dardobT, Cemi jildo is aris,
rom erovnul saqmes vakeTebTo...
erTi patiosani kaci saskolo
suraTebis CarCoebs mikeTebs Calis fasad, isic imas ambobs, bavSvebs sWirdebaT da Tu fuli ar gaqvT, moviTmeno... ai, asea
saqme... ki ar vwuwuneb, ubralod mikvirs, ratom vigebT qarTvelebi gvian, fasi namdvilad
ras aqvs... xom moxuci var da
mainc ar vapireb danebebas, jer
erTi, 9 SviliSvili myavs da
minda yvela am saqmeSi CavrTo...
mouaron am simdidres, yovelTvis aseTi dro xom ar iqneba?
goka gabaSvilTanac vapireb misvlas. me mis bebia-babuas vicnobdi, isini uvlidnen saqarTvelos da axalgazrda ministrsac
vetyvi, rom aseT saqmeebs upatronos, erovnul saqmeebs... rac
akakis, ilias, vaJas, galaktions
da Cvens sulnaTel winaprebs
exeba, is daCoqilma unda agrovos da gaufrTxildes... Torem
am xalxis xsovna Tu gaqra, saqarTveloc gaqreba da ra TavSi
ixlian mere Tanamdebobebs?..
eTer eraZe
21
EW[JEHB GHTCBLFY
uinston leonard spenser CerCili gaxlavT papa. mis vaJs rendolf spenseri hqvia, SviliSvils
(swored vaJis mxridan) rendolf spenser uinstoni. Cveni Jurnalisti SviliSvils esaubreba.
- papa kargad gaxsovT?
- rasakvirvelia. jer kidev
samxedro xanidan, Tumca me cota dros miTmobda. mizezi arasodes mikiTxavs arc misTvis,
arc mSoblebisTvis. darwmunebuli viyavi: papa imitom aris
moucleli, rom msoflio unda
gadaarCinos. TiTqmis 60 weli
gavida, magram axlac vfiqrob,
rom man faSizmisagan ixsna Tu
mTeli msoflio ara, Tavisi eri
namdvilad. papam SeZlo qveynis
cxovrebis energiuli gardaqmna
germaniasa da faSisturi blokis saxelmwifoebTan omisaTvis.
- zogierTi ruseTeli istorikosi fiqrobs, rom britaneTTan mokavSireobam ssr
kavSirs dapireba meti moutana, vidre sargebloba...
- vici, rom dasavleli da
rusi istorikosebi sxvadasxvanairad xedaven papaCemis figuras. ruseTSi im Sexedulebas
adganan, TiTqos ssr kavSiris
TanamSromloba britaneTsa da
amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan
arcTu Zalian sasargeblo iyo
imis gamo, rom 1942 wlis zafxulisaTvis, ruzveltisa da CerCilis mier aRTqmuli meore fronti ar gaxsnila, ramac hitlers
aRmosavleTis frontze Zalisxmevebis gazrda SeaZlebina.
me mgonia, es sulac ar iyo
ase. ssr kavSirze germaniis Tavdasxmis meore dResve papaCemi
sityviT gamovida da ganacxada
sabWoTa xalxis mxardaWeris Taobaze, imaze, rom faSizmTan mebrZol nebismier adamiansa da nebismier saxelmwifos britaneTi dauyovnebliv gauwevs Tanadgomas.
ukve 1941-is ivlisSi xeli
moewera inglissa da sabWoTa
kavSirs Soris SeTanxmebas germaniis winaaRmdeg erTobliv qmedebaTa Sesaxeb. arada, adre xom
Cveni qveynebi ver daikvexnidnen
megobrul damokidebulebas. CerCils bolSevizmis yvelaze mourjulebeli mowinaaRmdegis saxeli hqonda gavardnili.
aba erTi britaneTs kapitulacia moexdina germaniis winaSe,
safrangeTis ganadgurebis Semdeg! ssr kavSiri ver miiRebda
daxmarebis saxiT verc strategiul momaragebebs, verc sadazvervo monacemebs, rac Zirfesvianad moaxdenda gavlenas omis
Sedegze. erTi sityviT, britaneTi rom sxva qveynebTan, maT ricxvSi sabWoTa kavSirTanac, ar gaerTianebuliyo nacizmis winaaRmdeg,
svastikiani almebi dResac ifrialebdnen evropuli dedaqalaqebis Tavze.
- britaneTisa da aSS-is
samxedro kavSirze aqamde amboben, rom CerCilma misasalmeblad gaiwoda xeli, magram
22
faSizmisagan
CerCils
davuxsnivarT!
ase swams CerCilis S v i l i S v i l s
- CerCili rom ar yofiliyo, didi britaneTi jer kidev 1940
wlis zafxulSi danebdeboda faSistebs. da maSin hitleri mTel
Zalebs ssr kavSiris winaaRmdeg daZravda, da, SesaZloa, wiTel
armias verc ki gaewia medgari winaaRmdegoba. Cemi azriT, CerCilis
piradi vaJkacoba da gambedaoba rom ara, dasavleTi evropis yvela
qveynis da sabWoTa kavSiris Tavzec svastikiani droSa ifrialebda.
- maxsovs Tu ara Cemi papa.
ra Tqma unda. man xom Zalze
didi wvlili Seitana Cems aRzrdaSi, - ase daiwyo CemTan
saubari legendaruli premier-ministris ser uinston CerCilis SviliSvilma, romelic,
sxvaTa Soris, Tavisi saxelovani papis sexnia gaxlavT.
axalgazrdobaSi uinston
CerCili, iseve rogorc misi
papa, muSaobda samxedro korespondentad, mouwia emsaxura afrikis, aziisa da axlo aRmosavleTis 10 qveyanaSi. 1970 wels
konservatori-CerCili airCies parlamentSi, sadac igi moRvaweobda mTeli 27 wlis manZilze, sanam 1997 wels ar
moxda misi saarCevno olqis
reformireba. maSin, uinston
CerCilma, papis magaliTisamebr,
memuarebis weras mihyo xeli,
da axlac aqtiurad kiTxulobs leqciaTa kurss amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi.
- CerCilma SeZlo didi britaneTi daecva nacistebis SeWrisgan. Tu axsovs qveyanas Tavisi gmiri?
- CerCili rom ar yofiliyo, didi britaneTi jer kidev
1940 wlis zafxulSi daneb-
deboda faSistebs. da maSin hitleri mTel Zalebs ssr kavSiris
winaaRmdeg daZravda, da, SesaZloa,
wiTel armias verc ki gaewia medgari winaaRmdegoba. Cemi azriT,
CerCilis piradi vaJkacoba da
gambedaoba rom ara, dasavleTi
evropis yvela qveynis da sabWoTa kavSiris Tavzec svastikiani
droSa ifrialebda.
- gamodis, rom meore msoflio omSi gamarjvebas mTeli
msoflio unda umadlodes nacistebiT alyaSemortymul did
britaneTs?
- ruseTSi ar uyvarT imis
gaxseneba, rom meore msoflio
omis pirvel wlebSi stalini
da hitleri mokavSireebi iyvnen,
da mxolod mas Semdeg, rac maT
daiyves poloneTi, daiwyo yvelaze
sisxlismRvreli omi kacobriobis istoriaSi. 1940 wels, safrangeTis okupaciis Semdeg, didi
britaneTi mterTan pirispir darCa. da mxolod mas Semdeg, rac
CaifuSa didi britaneTis dapyrobis gegma, hitleri daiZra
aRmosavleTisken da dasavleT
frontze datova mxolod patara dajgufeba. diax, istorias
ar uyvars sityva `Tu”, magram
Cemi azriT, am urTules period-
Si CerCilma bevri ram gaakeTa
mTeli kacobriobisTvis.
- sinamdvileSi ras fiqrobda
CerCili stalinis Sesaxeb?
- maT Zalze ucnauri urTierToba hqondaT. roca nacistebi SeiWrnen ssr kavSirSi, papaCemma Tqva, rom aucilebeli iyo
stalinis daxmareba: `me yovelTvis
msurda, jer kidev akvanSi momeguda `bolSevizmis” saxeliT
cnobili Cvili, magram im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu hitleri jojoxeTSi SeiWreboda, me vTxovdi
TemTa palatas, rom gadaesinja
Tavisi damokidebuleba eSmakis
mimarT”, - Tqva maSin man. erTis
mxriv, igi aRtacebuli iyo staliniT, rogorc Zlieri mxedarTmTavriT, Tumca, miaCnda, rom stalini Zalian sastiki iyo sakuTari xalxis mimarT.
- ser uinston CerCils yvelaze metad uyvarda viski da
sigareti. marTalia, rom igi aseve
siamovnebiT miirTmevda stalinis mier naCuqar koniaks?
- ialtis konferenciis dros
stalinma Seityo, rom CerCili
ukmayofilo yofila imis gamo,
rom igi ruzveltTan iolad amyarebda urTierTobas araformalur viTarebaSic ki, maSin roca
britaneTis lideri gariyuli iyo. hoda, erT saRamos,
stalinma miiwvia CerCili `sasaubrod”. diliT CerCilma gaiRviZa saSineli Tavis tkiviliT. mas araferi ar axsovda.
maSin man miswera stalins baraTi: “Zvirfaso amxanago stalin! vSiSob, rom wuxel Zalze bevri davlie Tqveni `qarTuli brendi”. imedi maqvs, rom
seriozulad ar aRiqvamT yovelive imas, rac guSin vilaparake”. amis pasuxad stalinma
aseTi werili gamougzavna: `batono premier-ministro. vSiSob, rom orivem zedmeti davlieT. nu geSiniaT - Cveni saubris erTaderTi mowme - Tarjimani - ukve daxvrites”. 1991
wels, roca gorbaCovi londonSi Camovida, me viyavi erTi im
deputatTagani, romlebic mas
TemTa palataSi daxvdnen. SemTxveviT me aRmovCndi Tarjimnis gverdiT da vuambe gorbaCovs es ambavi. Tarjimani odnav Secba: `Zalze sasaciloa,
mister CerCil, - Tqva man. stalinis Tarjimani mamaCemi
iyo da man Rrma moxucebulobamde miaRwia”.
esaubra aleqsei aniSCuk
aniSCukii
vera da ver eRirsa pasuxs!
- amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan kavSiri papaCemis morigi strategiuli gamarjveba gaxldaT. mas esmoda, rom saWiroa
erebisa da maTi liderebis erTianobis miRweva. CerCilma SeZlo aSS-is mTavrobis darwmuneba neitralitetis gadaxedvaSi. amasTan,vfiqrob,misma diplomatiurma unarma mcire roli
rodi Seasrula. bevri istorikosis azris sapirispirod, me
mgonia, rom papam moaxerxa fran-
klin ruzveltTan saerTo enis
gamonaxva da maTi urTierTobebi axlos iyo megobrulTan.
- rogor xvdebiT papaTqvenis saxelTan dakavSirebul
miTqma-moTqmas?
- samiod wlis winaT Zalian
aRmaSfoTa skandalma, romelic
germaneli istorikosis iorg
fridrihis wignis `cecxli. germania bombebs qveS 1940-1945 wlebSi” publikaciis Semdeg atyda.
iq gamoqveynebulia monacemebi
imaze, Tu rogor moeqca 1945
wlis ianvridan aprilamde germania iseT dabombvebSi, romlebsac 300 aTasze meti adamianis
msxverpli mohyva da avtoris
azriT, ar hqondaT samxedro
mniSvneloba.
fridrihis es gancxadeba ingliselma Jurnalistebma marjved gadaaqcies morig `sensaciad”, moirges istorikosis roli da daaskvnes, rom CerCili
samxedro damnaSavea. Tanaxma var,
marTlac auracxelia im periodSi daRupulTa raodenoba, mag-
ram dabombvaTa mizani samxedro
sawarmoebis mospobisaken swrafva
iyo, rac gakeTda kidevac. garda
amisa, ratom aravin ar gaixsena,
rom dabombvebi swored germaniam daiwyo, roca poloneTSi, belgiaSi, holandiaSi, Cexoslovakiasa da safrangeTSi SeiWra.
sisulelea papaCemis dadanaSauleba zedmetad mkacr moqmedebebSi. mas, ubralod, omis pirvelidan bolo dRemde gamarjvebis kursi hqonda aRebuli da
miaRwia kidevac dasaxul mizans.
mamuli
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
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saqarTveloSic
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gazeTis is mkiTxveli,
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xats - mandilions.
am xatis Tqvenamde morTmeva SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod Cveni gazeTisa
da `asaval-dasavalis~ erToblivi proeqtis farglebSi.
daasveneT es xati Tqvens
samlocvelo kuTxeSi da
kidev erTxel gadaikiTxeT gazeTis wina nomerSi
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samedicino jgufSi gaerTianebuli arian sxvadasxva profilis
maRalkvalificirebuli qarTveli da amerikeli eqimebi
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N 14,
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vamzadeb inglisurSi nebismieri asakisa da donis msurvelebs.
cnobebisaTvis darekeT:
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qarTvel advokatebze. darekeT redaqciaSi, 347-724-0770
samZimari
megi SurRaia, lali lomiZe da
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mamuli
megobrebi TanaugrZnoben maka
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miSikos
gardacvalebis gamo.
23
,JKJ UDTHLB
eqskursia
vaSingtonSi
gepatiJebaT
irine
irine mumlaZe
mumlaZe
Dsatelefono baraTebi;
Dfaqsis miReba da gagzavna;
Dsaqseroqso momsaxureoba;
Ddokumentebis Targmna da notarizeba;
Dyvela saxis Cekebis ganaRdeba;
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axali mxatvruli filmebi, deteqtivis,
komediuri da melodramuli filmebis
da rac mTavaria, yvela Zveli da axali
qarTuli filmebis farTo arCevani;
mobiluri
telefonebi servisiT: D
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mogvmarTeT:
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l
ma
mu
uf
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bo
th
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673-
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jgufebisaTvis;
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markis avtomanqanebiT;
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vaSingtonis quCebSi, daaTvalieroT
linkolnis memoriali, vaSingtonis
monumenti, meore msoflio omis axalgaxsnili memoriali, jefersonis
memoriali, garedan naxoT TeTri
saxli, kapitoliumis Senoba (11 seqtembris Semdeg TeTr saxlSi turistebis Sesvla akrZalulia).
cehdbkb vfmdc ufvjdbothj ufptsbc5
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40
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dolari
MAMULI
dolari
mamuli
redaqtor-gamomcemeli
m anuCar kaWaxiZe
~cf[tkb lf udfhb ,tzlehb fcjt,bs`
ZIP-CODE
EKA MAISURADZE, NINO KHABELASHVILI (Editor in Germany),
KATE KARALASHVILI, GEORGE BAKRADZE (Editor in Canada).
lf ntktajyb`
Ceki an mani orderebi M. KATCHAKHIDZE Co saxelze gaformebuli unda gamoagzavnoT Semdeg misamarTze:
P.O. BOX 13121, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07303
misamarTis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa ubralod dagvikavSirdeT redaqciis telefonze 1-347-724-0770 da gvacnoboT,
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Editor & Publisher
Manuchar KATCHAKHIDZE
eka maisuraZe
maisuraZe,, nino xabelaSvili (red. germaniaSi),
qeTi yaralaSvili , giorgi baqraZe (red. kanadaSi).
~mexbc lfcf[tkt,f7 fgfhnfvtynbc N`
~mfkfmb
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N 14,
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muxlze daCoqili unda idge mis sakurTxevelTan, cali xeliT pirjvars unda
iwerde, meoreTi ki xmals iqnevde, eSmakebi rom ar daepatronon.. da kidev erTi,
Sesawiravis mitana veravin ver unda mogaswros am taZarTan. nodar dumbaZe
mamuli
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istoriis aRnusxva da
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`Tbilisi 1937~ da
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Sefaseba ki Tqvenzea!
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- vbmtkf’t cfcohfajl s,bkbcib xfvjb.dfyts8 ytcnjhc ]th [tkb fh f[kjs8
- lblb [vfehb fn.lt,f7 kfdhtynb8
hjpty/jkwb v[jkjl cf[fk[j rjvbcfhb rb fhf7 gfhnbbc wtynhfkehb cfrjynhjkj rjvbcbbc otdhbwff888
- tu fhfathb - vt wtrfc otdhb dfh8
yese dth [dlt,b7 cthuj7 hjv tc vtcfvt
wlff0 ujujv etzdtkfl bwjlf hfqfw
lf sfdblfy vjbijhtc8 hbofpt xtvb rfhfdb hjv lfw[hbktc7 [jv uf[cjdc0 ,todpt uflfdhxbs vtw lf xtvb j]f[bc
otdht,bw8 vfyfvlt [jv rfnfhqf lfvbw[hbktc cj[evbc yfgbhsfy888
- vfiby ity ufvj’bt,bc lfo.t,f fh
lfudfyt,t888
- f[kfw ubrh’fkfd8 bct vjdbmwts7
dbsjv .dtkfathb lfdb]thts8 ujujc udfvb
xfvjfcdtyts lf tmcgthnbpf xfenfhts8
vfuhfv fhfdby fhfathb eylf ufbujc7
ufcfut,bf0 vtht vjcrjdib uflfahbylb
lf vfvfvbcc vbecfv’bvht8 vbmtkf’t rb cflvt7 qhvfl vjf.exts8 vfwfkjc7 fdfkfgfhfrt,888
***
!)#$ okbc gbhdtkb ltrtv,thb8
ktybyuhflb8 cvjkyb8
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eylf oftrbs[f8 vwdtkb7 .jdtksdbc fxhlbkbdbs hjv lfcltdlf erfy7 f[kf fhcfl xfylf8 3cfl tivfrt,ib ofdblf04 ufetkdf rbhjdc8
tc vbcb erfyfcrytkb ufyfabmhb b.j8
ewyfehb [vf ufbcvf7 sbsmjc ,jskblfy
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- fct cbrdlbkvbc]bkt,c [dhtnty888
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emfhj7 vpbfyb fvbylb bluf8
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jmhjcathb xfyxmthbs cfdct cfv[htsibw
lf xhlbkjtsbc wbdfl vjwbvwbvt dfhcrdkfdt,bs vjztlbk wbcmdtitsibw7 .dt-
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
S,BKBCB7 !)#* OTKB
RTAFIB
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***
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vbvlufhb7 wtw[kafhtit,b itecdtyt,kfl
veifj,lyty8 hjv utrbs[fs7 vjcfvcf[eht
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cbcohfabs tdkjc bvgthbbc fv .dtkfpt
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cfajcnj se xmfhb vfnfht,kt,b cfsflfhbuj kbfylfupt uflff.tytc8 v[jkjl fv cfufyut,j itvflutykj,fc vbcwtc cfluehbc vjhbutt,vf lf vtbchtt,vf vodfyt iemb vjcrjdblfy ktybyuhflfvlt8 bcbw vrthlbs vbfhqdtdlf cbdhwtc7 rbkjvtnht,c rbkjvtnht,pt ysmfdlf lf erfy njdt,lf he[b7 v.hfkb
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rb7 hjvtkvfw tc htbcb 3iterdtsf47 vstkb qfvbc ufyvfdkj,fib sdfkb fh vje[ezfdc8 bub ,jksfc cwtvlf sfdbc cfkjy-dfujyib7 ufye.htk xb,e[c f,jkt,lf lf htathtync bv rfyjyghjtmnc
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- vfifcflfvt888 - .he [vbs7 itcfvxytdb
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ufhtit8 rfcfwbf lf ito.fkt,bc iefvlujvkj,f fh lfbidt,f8 cfc]tkbc evfqktcb pjvbc ufyfxtyb fqcheklt,f lfe.jdyt,kbd8 .dtkfathb ufcfut,bf0
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fqvfchekt,tkb rjvbntnbc !)#$ okbc
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sdfkt,ib it[tldf itt’kj8 rfhufl bwjlf7 hjv cnfkbyb ahbfl fafct,lf sf-
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
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cbn.dbs7 rvfhf kjkbfj,f= lhjf7 ,jkj vjtqjc vstkb fv nhjwrbcnekpbyjdbtdehb [hjdbc gfhgfic= lfluf iehbcut,bc ;fvb=
cthujv hfqfw xfb,en,enf8 ;lfyjdvf v’bvtl7 cjkblehfl lffmybf sfdb8
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***
tc vjupfehj,f ufcfhsj,b eahj
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- ghbvbnbekfl vjfphjdyt afynfpbjhb [fh ity7 [fhbnjy= - lfvwbyfdfl
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ev]j,tcbf7 c[df ghjtmnpt babmhj - ce[evbc ufdkbs7 ifdb pqdbc cfyfgbhjc
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]dhbc eqtknt[bkbly erfy ufvj,heylyty8 hjujh ufb[fhf cthujv7 hjwf ,thbfv v’qjkc ,htptynbc cf[ehfdbc uflf[cyf e,h’fyf= ybyf stbvehfpjdyfv ghjntcnb ufyfw[flf7 vfuhfv vfvfrfwt,vf sfdbcb ufbnfytc8
afcfyfehib ,thbfc lf,tzlbkb gfrtnb tkjlf5 3cfcohfajl= chekbfl cfblevkjl=4
gfrtnb uf[cyf lf vjbqeif5
- welb fv,t,bf= ktybyuhflib rbhjdb
vjerkfds=88
***
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cfkjy-dfujybc rb,t xfvjbfhf rb fhf7
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thsfl xfvjcekb gjkbn,behjc otdht,bc - jh]jybrb’bc7 vjkjnjdbc7 djhjibkjdbc7 ;lfyjdbc7 ibyfufy cfmvtsf
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- cfuekbc[vj cehfsbf7 fv[fyfut,j7 ekdfiib vbvfkekb fdb qbvbkbs fv,j,lf ,tkflb8 - xtrbcnt,b fv[fyfu rbhjdbc fdnjvfymfyfcsfy frfdt,ty fv fhfvpflf ybrjkftdc7 hjvtkcfw ths ]b,tib
vfhihenbc yf[fpbfyb hdtekb eltdc7
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- hjujhbw ityf [fh7 cojhtl bctsvf
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warmoSobaze metyvelebs RvTaebebs
Soris SemorCenilia bevri protoiberiuli warmoSobis RmerTi,
xolo bevrma indoevropulma RvTaebam avtoxtonuri simboloebi ~miiTvisa~. arsebobs berZnuli miTebis uzenaesi RvTaebis zevsis pelazguri qtonuri eqvivalenti,
romlis kultic muxasTan iyo
dakavSirebuli. agreTve nayofierebisa da miwis RvTaeba demetre
(dedamiwa), romlis fuZis ganmartebisas akademikosi ivane javaxiSvili mianiSnebda imaze, rom
fuZe ~de~ savsebiT ucxoa berZnuli enisaTvis. marTalia, ~meter~ berZnulSi niSnavs ~dedas~
magram ~de~ sufTa iberiuli warmoSobisaa. ~de~ anu ~deda~ dedaqalRmerTis aRmniSvneli iyo.
ase rom demetre aris is saxe,
romelSic uZvelesi kolxuri, pelazguri dedaqalRmerTi gadmoRebuli iqna berZnebis mier, romlebmac mas ~demetre~ uwodes. aRsaniSnavia, rom demetres pelazgur warmomavlobis gaTvaliswinebiT friad daintereso xdeba
miTi zevsis Zmis, qvesknelis RvTaebis aidis mier demetres qaliSvilis, persefones motacebis Taobaze. rogorc vxedavT, aqac saxezea, indoevropeli aidis mier pelazgi persefonis paladiumis
erTerTi gamovlinebis motaceba
da Semdeg misi gamoyeneba.
axla ki daubrundeT, promeTes.
miTi promeTes Sesaxeb erTerTi
umniSvnelovanesia rogorc adamianis evoluciis TvalsazrisiT
iseve protoiberTa eTnogenezis gasarkvevad. rogorc mogexsenebaT,
berZnuli miTosis yvela mniSvnelovani momenti kavkasiasTan aris
dakavSirebuli: argonavtebis laSqroba, troas omi, romlis gamomwvevi mizezi xom TviTon troelebis TqmiT medeas motacebaSi
mdgomareobda, da bolos udidesi
titanis, promeTes kavkasionze mijaWva.
miTosis ganxilvisas yovelTvis
unda gvaxsovdes rom miTosi iqN 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
mneboda Zvel misteriebSi qurumebis, xeldasmulebisa da ezoTerul codnas naziarebi adeptebis
mier. amitom miTSi araferi ar
aris zedmeti, yvelafers Tavisi
adgili da daniSnuleba aqvs. miTis ganxilvisas umniSvnelovanesia miTis personaJis saxeli, romelic ganmartavs mis sulier raobas da dakisrebul misias. Cvens
SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs titanis
saxelTan ~promeTe~sTan. ZvelberZnulad ~promeTeo~ niSnavs winaswarmetyvelur azrovnebas, winaswarganWvretas. amasTan promeTes hyavs Zma saxelad epimeTe
~WkuiT ukan mibrunebuli~ anu
winaswarmetyveluri azrovnebisagan gansxvavebiT ganjismier azrovneba.
axla ki gavarkvioT vin arian
promeTe da misi Zma epimeTe? promeTe aris im kacobriobisa Tu
samyaros warmomadgeneli, romelic
winaswarmetyvelur anu intuitiur azrovnebas flobda. xolo
mis sapirispiroT epimeTe simboloa gansjiTi anu inteleqtismier azrovnebisa. orive titani Svilia iafetisa. xolo vin aris
iafeti? iafeti aris qveynierebis
SemqmnelTa uranosisa da geas Svili, romelic e.w. mTavar titanebSi Sedis. iafeti, rogorc calke
aRebuli titani sxvebisagan didad ar gamoirCeva, magram misma
STamomavlobam didi gavlena iqonia kacobriobaze. ukve didi xania arsebobs mosazreba berZnuli
miTebis iafetisa da bibliuri
iafets Soris SesaZlo urTierTkavSiris Taobaze (amasTan orive
SemTxvevaSi iafeti dakavSirebulia qarTvelebTan da qarTvelur
modgmasTan). zenon eleelis mier
iafetosis saxeli ganimarteba, rogorc zeda anu sulieri samyaro
iafetos anu is vinc miiswrafvis
zemoT, sulierisajen. aqedan gamomdinare, promeTe aris zeda anu
sulieri samyaros Ze anu winaswarmetyveluri azrovneba.
promeTes Sesaxeb miTis erTerTi mTavari (spiritualuri Tu
filosofiuri) axsna mdgomareobs kacobriobis, ufro swored
adamianis azrovnebis evoluciaSi. azrovnebis evoluciaSi aris
etapi, rodesac azrovneba miejaWveba adamianis sulis fizikur sxeulSi CasvlasTan erTad da aris
datyvevebuli am sxeulSi. xolo
kavkasionze mijaWvuli promeTes
ganTavisufleba niSnavs azrovnebis fizikuri sxeulisagan ganTavisuflebas. kavkasionze mijaWvuli promeTe adamianis sxeulze
mijaWvuli azrovnebaa, maSin rodesac ganTavisuflebuli promeTe aris ganTavisuflebuli winaswarmetyveluri azrovnebis simbolo.
aRsaniSnavia, erTi friad saintereso mosazreba, romlis mixedviT, iafetosis Zeni ganasaxiereben
adamianis sulieri samyaros sxvadasxva mdgomareobas:
atlasi gamZleobas, simtkicesa
da moTminebas, menoitiosi qedmaRlobas Tavxedobas, promeTe winaswarganWvretasa da maZieblobas,
xolo epimeTe, rac Zalzed sainteresoa, windauxedaobasa da sisustes. sainteresoa, rom swored
am ukanasknelTan, epimeTesTan aris
dakavSirebuli kacobriobis dasja da borotebis ganTavisufleba. cnobili miTis mixedviT, brZeni promeTe mudam afrTxilebda
epimeTes araferi mieRo RmerTebisagan, magram rodesac olimpielma
RmerTebma epimeTes saCuqrad ulamazesi qali, pandora miarTves, man
daiviwya brZeni Zmis darigeba da
qali colad SeirTo. rogorc
viciT, erT mSvenier pandoram qoTans, romelSic RmerTebis mier
davwyvdeuli iyo boroteba, Tavi
mohxada da igi gaanTavisufla
swored mas Semdeg aris, rom kacobriobas Tavs daatyda SimSili,
ubedureba, siRatake, avadmyofoba,
Suri, ciliswameba da mravali sxva.
promeTes miTis ganmartebisas
CvenTvis sainteresoa am miTis kidev erTi axsna eTnologiuri.
garda winaswarmetyveluri azrovnebis simbolosa, promeTe aris im
modgmis Tu samyaros simbolo, romelsac gaaCnda aseTi azrovneba
da romelic qmnida da anviTarebda misteriebs da maT kulturas.
am mxriv igi upirispirdeba berZnebis umaRles RvTaebas zevs,
romelic ganasaxierebs saberZneTSi ufro gvian mosul modgmas,
romelic ZaladobiT amkvidrebs
Tavis kults da kavkasionze ajaWvebs promeTes.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ilompiel RmerTebis winare titanebis modgma
iafetosi,giperioni (heliosis mama
da aietis babua) da sxvebi olimpielTa gamoCenisTanave ewinaaRmdegeba maT Zalauflebas, ramac Se-
mamuli
degad titanomaqia anu RmerTTa
da titanTa omi moitana. titanebi saberZneTis uZvelesi mosaxleobis RvTaebebia, romlebmac berZnul miTebSi transformacia ganicades da titanebis saxe miiRes,
titanebisa, romlebmac olimpielTa winaaRmdeg gailaSqres da amisaTvis daisajnen. sainteresoa, agreTve is garemoeba, rom promeTesa
da medeas dedebi debi yofilan
anu promeTe da medea deidaSvilebi iyvnen medeas deda idia da
promeTes deda asia orive titan
okeanosis qaliSvilebia. rogorc
vxedavT, aqac promeTesa da protoiberiuli (qarTveluri) samyaros naTesaobasa da urTierTkavSirs vxedavT.
amasTan aRsaniSnavia, rom ufrosi Taobis msgavsad, promeTec olimpielTa winaaRmdeg gamodis, risTvisac igi kavkasionze ijaWveba.
magram konkretulad ram ganapiroba misi aseTi mkacri dasja?
miTosis mixedviT, promeTes dasjas win ramodenime saintereso
SemTxveva uZRvoda.
erTerTi miTis mixedviT, erTxel korinTosSi erTmaneTTan
Sexvdnen ori gansxvavebuli modgmisa da kulturis warmomadgenlebi. erTni promeTesTan iyvnen
dakavSirebulebi, xolo meoreni
zevsTan da olimpiel RmerTebTan.
rogorc vxedavT, miTSi or kulturas Soris momxdari Sexvedra
aisaxa. erTi iyo imJamindeli saberZneTis uZvelesi, pirveladi mosaxleoba, xolo meore axlaxans
mosuli indoevropuli anu elinuri.
promeTem da misma qurumebma am
Sexvedraze samsxverplo xaris ganawilebisas atyueben zevss da mis
qurumebs. maTi inteleqti, azrovneba gacilebiT ufro maRal doneze iyo ganviTarebuli, ris gamoc isini advilad atyueben Zalismier zevsa da mis mimdevrebs.
es motyueba ar unda iqnas ganxiluli rogorc ubralo TaRliToba. promeTes es qmedeba xazs
usvams, im garemoebas, rom wina berZnuli kultura, pelazguri samyaro ufro maRla dgas vidre
elinuri da Sesabamisad ufro
maRla idga maTi azrovnebis kulturac. ra Tqma unda Semdeg indoevropelebma Tavisi kultura
umaRles safexuramde ganaviTares
da msoflios erTerTi yvelaze
didebuli civilizacia Seqmnes, magram axla saubari jerjerobiT
im periodzea, rodesac es ori
modgma, protoiberiuli da indoevropuli, erTmaneTs pirvelad Sexvda da pelazguri modgma ganviTarebis gacilebiT ufro maRal
doneze dgas.
miTis Tanaxmad, samsxverplo
xorcis ganawilebisas motyuebuli zevsi sapasuxod aRar aZlevs
kacobriobas cecxls da kavkasionze ajaWvebs promeTes, romelic
iparavs cecxls da adamians ubrunebs. cxadia, promeTes mier motacebuli cecxli ar warmoadgens ubralo als, nakverCxals.
cecxli am SemTxvevaSi aris simbolo adaminis sulieri ~me~si.
rogorc cnobilia, bunebis oTx
elements cecxlsa, wyalsa, miwas
da haers Soris adamianis meobas
anu sulier ~me~s swored cecxli Seesabameba. swored aseTi
~cecxli~ waarTva zevsma kacobriobas, anu man adamians sakuTari
~me~ waarTva. xolo promeTem igi
moitaca da ukan daubruna adamians. swored es aris promeTes
mier kacobriobisaTvis cecxlis
micema, radgan swored adamianis
meobisagan, sulieri ~me~dan gamomdinareobs yovelgvari kultura da civilizacia. aqve unda
aRvniSnoT, rom aseTive axsna aqvs
titanebis tartarosSi damarxvis
miTs. RmerTebis mier titanebis
tartarSi Camarxva, adamianis sulis materiaSi Camosvlaa, sxeulSi CaZirva da damkvidrebaa, riTac
iwyeba adamianis individualuri
cxovreba, azrovneba da kultura.
cxadia, rom promeTe asaxavs misteriaTa kulturas, romelic iyo
pirveladi Zvel saberZneTSi, magram Semdeg Zlieri indoevropuli nakadis gamo lokalizebuli
aRmoCnda kavkasiaSi, rac simbolurad asaxulia promeTes kavkasionze mijaWviT. promeTes miTSi
sayuradReboa kidev ori momenti:
arwivi da RviZli, romelsac es
arwivi kortnis.
rogorc miTidan gvaxsovs, mijaWvul promeTes awamebs zevsis
arwivi.
arwivi, erTis mxriv, simboloa
sulieri aRmafrenisa da Semecnebisa, magram meore mxriv igi aris
simbolo imperiuli Zlierebisa
da Zalmomreobisa. arwivi aris
zoomorfuli simbolo zevsisa anu
indoevropuli modgmisa, ramac mcire xanSi asaxva hpova kidec romaelTa arwivebSi.
RviZli ki is organoa, romelsac yvelaze mniSvnelovani roli
akisria haruspikiis (cxovelTa
Signeulobaze misnobis) saqmeSi.
promeTe misania, sakraluri saidumlos mflobeli, ris gamoc arwivi swored saidumlos Semcvel
RviZls ukortnis. magram RviZli
isev mTeldeba e.i. saidumlos ~gaxsna~ Zalismieri gziT ver moxde-
me-14 gverdze
13
MFHSDTKJ,BC ERTS ITUH’YJ,BCFSDBC
lixs iqiT da lixs aqeT
ba da zevsma (e.i indoevropelebma) es icis. amitom promeTes gasanTavisufleblad zevsma berZnebis erTerTi yvelaze didi gmiri
herakle gagzavna. aq swori viqnebiT Tu davinteresdebiT Tu vin
iyo herakle? z. gamsaxurdia amasTan dakavSirebiT wers:
~herakle aris axali kultura,
nebelobiTi da heroikuli iniacia, romelic winasaxea qristianuli iniciaciisa. saerTod, ZvelberZnuli misteriebi Tavisi xasiaTiT profeturi iyo, romelTa
centraluri misteriebi ~eloizisis~ misteriebi warmoadgendnen.
(sityva ~eloizisis~ ZvelberZnulad winaswar ganWvretas niSnavs)
herakles saxe aris winasaxe qristianuli iniciaciisa, romelic dakavSirebulia nebelobasTan, sulis
aqtivobasTan da kerZod imasTan,
rasac qristianobaSi sasufevlis
ZalisxmebiT aReba hqvia, vinaidan
qristianuli iniciaciis arsi ieso
qristem ganmarta rogorc sasufevlis aReba ZalisxmeviT ~sasufeveli iiZulebis~. amrigad herakles Tormeti gmiroba unda
gavigoT, rogorc iniciaciis sxvadasxva safexurebi, sulieri ganviTarebis sxvadasxva doneebi, romlis kulminaciac aris promeTes
ganTavisufleba anu azris ganTavisufleba fizikuri sxeulis
tyveobisagan da kacobriobis gamoxsna.
rogorc aRvniSneT, eTnologiuri TvalsazrisiT promeTes ganTavisufleba aris ganTavisufleba im dogmisa, romelic zevsis
anu indoevropuli modgmis mier
iqna mijaWvuli anu lokalizebuli kavkasiaSi. e.i promeTes miTSi
airekla agreTve protoiberiuli
modgmis warsuli da momavalic.
herakle, rogorc mogaxsneT, aris
winasaxe qristianuli iniciaciisa, rac sxvaTaSoris cnobili iyo
Suasaukuneebis RvTismetyvelebisTvisac. bizantiur RvTismetyvelebaSi miniSnebulia kidec rom
herakle aris winasaxe qristesi
(!) kerZod erTerTi miTis Tanaxmad, mis mier kverTxiT kldidan
wylis aRmoceneba iTvleba qristianobis winasaxed.~
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aucilebelia aRvniSnoT, rom qristianuli iniciaciis winasaxed iTvleba agreTve argonavtebis laSqrobac da SemTxveviTi ar aris,
rom ezoTerur mecnierebaSi oqros sawmis ganixilaven rogorc
klasikur graals. oqros sawmisi
aris winasaxe imisa, rasac Sua
saukuneebSi graalad da filosofiur qvad miiCnevdnen. amasTan
graali da filosofiuri qva aris
identuri cnebebi. maTi Zieba aris
ara marto fizikuri nivTis Zieba,
aramed sulieri sawyisebis Zebna,
RvTis, sulieri cnobierebis ganviTarebis garkveuli donis Zieba,
romelic antikur misteriebSi
gadmocemulia rogorc kolxeTSi mdebare oqros sawmisis Zieba.
Tavdapirvelad oqros sawmisi
saberZneTSi iyo, magram es is periodia, rodesac aq yvavis pelazgebis didebuli civilizacia, ker-
14
Zod ki pelazguri argosis kultura. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
miTosSi SemTxveviTi araferi ar
aris. arc is aris SemTxveviTi,
rom berZnebis xomalds ~argo~
hqvia, radgan is Tavisi ZiriT protoiberiulidan da kolxuridan
momdinareobs argo, argveTi, egrisi. ~gr~ fuZe xom sufTa protoiberiulia. laSqroba kolxeTSi simbolurad niSnavs laSqrobas sulieri anu misteriuli sibrZnis mosapoveblad, romelic
imJamad Semonaxuli iyo mxolod kolxeTSi
da aRar arsebobda arc saberZneTSi da arc
xmelTaSua
zRvis auzis qveynebSi. rogorc
aRvniSneT, xmelTaSua zRvis auzis mTeli teritoria dasaxlebuli iyo
protoiberiuli
mosaxleobiT, romelmac berZenTa
mosvlis momentisaTvis, Zv.w.
XVI saukunisaTvis Seqmnes adreul brinjaos
didi civilizacia. am periodSi protoiberiuli samyaros
ori ZiriTadi kera arsebobda aRmosavleTSi, mefe
aietis kolxeTi,
xolo dasavleTSi mefe minosis
kreta. SemTxveviTi ar aris is faqti, rom berZnul miTosSi es ori mefe erTmaneTis monaTesavea da minoss colad hyavs aietis da pasifae. magram am oridan ufro didi mniSvneloba da gavlenac am ukanasknels kretas gaaCnda. saocaria
am kunZulis istoria, romelic
amave droulad protoiberiuli
modgmis istoriac aris.
xmelTaSua zRvis kulturaTa
ganviTarebisa da Camoyalibebis saqmeSi TviT berZnebi sakmaod mokrZalebiT afasebdnen TavianT damsaxurebas. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
berZnuli legendebi da Tqmulebebi, romelTac elinebi Tavisi istoriis nawilad ganixilavdnen,
mogviTxrobdnen maRalganviTarebuli winaberZnuli tomebis pelazgebis, karielebis, lelegebisa
da sxvaTa Sesaxeb, da amtkicebdnen,
rom Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi kunZul kretaze saocari civilizacia arsebobda, romelic berZnebisaTvis Tavisi ganviTarebis maRali donis gamo mudam idumalebiT iyo moculi.
aqve gvinda cota ukan davixioT da promeTes miTs daubrundeT. promeTes miTSi aRsaniSnavia
kidev erTi friad saintereso momenti. miTosis mixedviT swored
promeTe aris pirveli xalxis
Semqmneli (sxvadasxva miTis Tanaxmad an zevsis nebiT an sakuTari surviliT. uZveles miTebSi,
sakuTari surviliT) da Tavisi
monawileobiT Seqmnili kacobriobis keTilismyofelia.
zevsi Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdebis Semdeg spobs am modgmas
modgmas, romelic promeTes mier
aris Seqmnili da protoiberiul
samyaros warmoadgens. miTosis mixedviT kacTa TavxedobiT ganris-
xebuli zevsi gadawyvets am modgmis srul ganadgurebas da amisaTvis warRvnas moavlens qveynaze. magram promeTem mainc moaxerxa da Tavis Svils devkalions
Seatyobina momavali safrTxis Sesaxeb da momzadebaSi daexmara.
warRvnis Semdeg, romlis Sedegad
promeTes mier Seqmnili modgma
daiRupa, gadarCnen mxolod devkalioni da misi meuRle pira. swored am wyvilisagan momdinareobs
berZnuli modgma. wyvils cota
xanSi eyolaT vaJi
helenosi
(berZenTa zogadi saxeli), romelsac Tavis mxriv eyola sami vaJi
eolosi, qsuTosi da dorosi. am
samma SemdgomSi saTave daudes berZnul sxva tomebs eolosi TesaliaSi mcxovreb eolielebs; qsuTosi miTis mixedviT dasaxlda
peloponesSi, sadac SeeZina ori
vaJi aqeosi aqevelebis mamamTavari da ionosi ionielebis winapari; dorosma saTave daudo berZenTa kidev toms dorielebs.
rogorc vxedavT yovelive es moxda
protoiberiulis ganadgurebis, misi dacemis Semdeg da amasTan mis
naSTebze, radgan berZenTa yvela
mamamTavari helenosi da misi
vaJebi momdinareoben protoiber
devkalionsa da pirasagan.
mecnierebs yovelive es did-
mamuli
xans mxolod fantaziis nayofad
miaCndaT. magram am tradiciuli
poziciis arsebiTi gadasinjva gasuli saukunis 70iani wlebidan
daiwyo da amaSi ~brali miuZRvis~ ara romelime aRiarebul
mecniers, aramed diletants, araprofesional arqeologs hainrix
Slimans, romlis saxeli yvelaze
ufro gabeduli ocnebis ganxorcielebis simbolod iqca.
hainrix Slimanis cxovrebis
gzis dasawyisi
arafriT ar yofila dakavSirebuli Zveli
samyaros saidumloebaTa
amocnobasTan.
mSoblebma igi
Tavidanve savaWro saqmes aziares da, SeiZleba iTqvas, Svilma wlebis ganmavlobaSi mTlianad gaamarTla
maTi imedebi.
bedma igi peterburgSi moaxvedra da yirimis
omTan dakavSirebuli komerciuli operaciebis wyalobiT
milionerad aqcia. da swored
maSin, rodesac
saocari simdidre mas komerciis sferoSi axali simaRleebis dapyrobis srul saSualebas aZlevda,
Slimanma mTeli
Tavisi qoneba
romantikuli ocnebebis ganxorcielebas moaxmara. mas, enebisadmi
saocari midrekilebas mqones, homerosis poemebis ~iliadasa~ da
~odiseas~ originalSi mravlgzis
gadamkiTxvels, hqonda akviatebuli azri, rom berZnuli eposis
cnobebi homerosis troas Sesaxeb
istoriul realobas Seesabameba.
Tavdapirvelad Slimans dacinviT
Sexvdnen. samecniero sazogadoebis mier ~ucnaur kacad~ Seracxuli Slimani miuxedavad skeptikosTa daufaravi dacinvisa, gaemarTeba TurqeTSi da hisarlikis maRlobze, sadac antikur wyaroTa mixedviT troa unda arsebuliyo, 1870 wels iwyebs gaTxrebs. sul male bedi mis gabedulebas da Tavdadebas saocrad daajildoebs. igi aRmoaCens uZvelesi dasaxlebis or Sres, romelTac dRes troa I da troa II
ewodebaT. brwyinvale da mdidari
troa II Slimanma homerosis troad gamoacxada.
TiTqos Slimanma daanaTlao, egeosis zRvis auzSi mimdinare gaTxrebma male msoflio sazogadoeba axali moulodneli aRmoCenebiT gaaoca. pirvel rigSi es iTqmis artur evansis mier 1900
wlidan warmoebul gaTxrebze kunZul kretaze, legendarul knoso-
Si, romelmac gamoavlina saocrad
daxvewili da maRali donis kultura. igi Tavisi rafinirebulobiTa da harmoniuli xasiaTiT
mkveTrad gamoirCeva yvela drois
msoflio kulturebSi. gamokvlevebis Sedegad, naTeli gaxda, rom
Zv.w. I aTaswleulis dasawyisis
Zveli berZnuli kultura ufro
primitiuli adreuli sazogadoebis wiaRSi ki ar aRmocenda, aramed maRalganviTarebuli protoiberiuli civilizaciis nangrevebze.
dRes mkvlevarTa didi nawili
iziarebs im azrs, rom egeosuri
mosaxleobis formirebis process
diferencirebulad unda midgoma. am regionSi uZvelesi droidan cxovrobda adamiani, xolo
neoliTidan, Zv.w. VII aTaswleulidan egeida uZvelesi kulturebis aRmavlobis asparezad iqca.
rogorc irkveva, neoliTuri kulturis matarebelma pirvelma tomebma kretaze fexi ukve VII aTaswleulSi daadges da Tavisi didebuli civilizaciis Seqmnas Seudgnen. swored am civilizaciis
wiaRSi Camoyalibda Zv.w. II aTaswleulSi brwyinvale Sua da gvianbrinjaos xanis egeosuri kulturebi. xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi xmelTaSua zRvis, da
gansakuTrebiT egeosis zRvis auzi sxvadasxva warmomavlobis xalxTa araerTi gadaadgilebis momswre gamxdara da yoveli aseTi
moZraoba albaT Tavis kvals tovebda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
formirebis procesSi. magram rogorc irkveva egeidisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda
samxreTaRmosavleT mcire aziidan xalxTa im nakadis TandaTanobiT difuzias, romelmac neoliTisa da da adrebrinjaos xanaSi TiTqmis mTels xmelTaSua
zRvis auzSi garkveuli enobrivkulturuli erTianoba Seqmna. am
samxreTaRmosavluri migraciebis
sawyis regionad j. melaartis
gaTxrebis Semdeg Tanamedrove TurqeTis samxreT nawilSi mdebare
CaTalhuiuqs miiCneven, sadac aRmoCenili iqna cnobili neoliTuri sadgomi (Zv.w. 76 aTaswleuli). cnobilma arqeologma furniem yuradReba miaqcia im garemoebas, rom winaberZnuli kulturis masalebSi SeiZleba sakuTriv
qarTveluri enobrivi elementebis gamoyofa. ufro metic, zogjer es elementebi im Taviseburebebs gviCvenebs, rac dasavleTqarTveluri dialeqtebisaTvis unda
yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli da ramac Semdgom Tavisi kanonzomieri,
Camoyalibebuli saxe zanurSi miiRo.
mecnierebaSi TandaTanobiT ikrefs Zalas mosazreba, rom am elementTa gaCena winaberZnul samyaroSi qarTveluri tomebis erTi
nawilis egeidaSi Zv.w. IIIII aTaswleulTa mijnaze migraciiT unda aixsnas. pelasgebi, romlebic
berZnul miTologiuri tradiciis mixedviT Zv.w. II aTaswleulis
dasawyisidan Cndebian asparezze
arian swored am ~qarTvel~ emigN 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
MFHSDTKJ,BC ERTS ITUH’YJ,BCFSDBC
saqarTvelo giyvardeT!
rantTa memkvidreebi. am mosazrebisaTvis mxaris daWera SeuZlia
im garemoebasac, rom qarTveluri
elementebi Tavs iCens ara marto
egeidaSi, aramed yvelgan sadac gavrcelebuli iyvnen pelasgebi da
etruskebi. gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs,
rom winaberZnulSi dadasturebuli qarTveluris msgavsi mravali forma im viTarebas ki ar
asaxavs, rac qarTveluri enebis
daSlamde unda gvqonoda, aramed
imas rac am enaTa diferenciaciis
Semdgom iCines Tavs. amis axsna ki
mxolod Semdegnairad SeiZleba:
es terminebi kavkasiidan Sevidnen
egeidaSi da ara piriqiT. amJamad
gamovlenilia 200ze meti amgvari
leqsikuri Sesabamisoba. magram garda leqsikuri identurobisa, sainteresoa qarTveluri tipis Zveli geografiuli saxelwodebebis dadastureba egeidaSi. mag.
korinTosi da qarT. korinTa, karalia da qarT. karaleTi da a.S.
ukve didi xania mkvlevarTa yuradRebas iwvevs kretis dasaxlebis ~kvitaon~is msgavseba quTaisis berZnul wyaroebSi dadasturebul saxelwodebasTan ~kvitaia~..
axla ki daubrundeT protoiberiul kretas. egeosis zRvis auzis am ulamazes kunZuls berZnuli legendebi araerT idumalebiT mocul ambavs ukavSirebdnen.
ukve homerosi icnobs ~asqalaqa~
kretas, romelzec mravali tomi
binadrobs. legendaruli minosis
saxeli, romelsac didxans hyolia berZnebi morCilebaSi, TviT
klasikuri epoqis elinTaganac
krZalviT warmoiTqmoda. Sors iyo
ganTqmuli misi ostatis dedalosis dideba. mas miewereboda
labirinTis, berZenTaTvis bolomde gamocanad darCenili nagebobis aSeneba, sadac kretelTagan damorCilebuli aTenelebi saSinel
urCxuls xarkaca minotavrs SesaWmelad ugzavnidnen narCev vaJebsa da qalebs manamde, vidre minosis asulis ariadnes siyvarulis SemweobiT Tesevsma ar mohkla urCxuli da ar daixsna samSoblo samarcxvino xarkisagan. dedalossave miewereboda adamianis
didi xnis ocnebis caSi afrenis
pirvelad ganxorcieleba.
pirveli rac TvalSi xvdeba
adamians minosuri kulturis Seswavlisas, aris civilizaciis Tanabrad maRali done kunZulis
TiTqmis yovel nawilSi, stilis
erTianoba, qvisagan nagebi mSvenieri gzebis farTo qseli mTel
kunZulze da rac mTavaria, dRemde auxsneli minosuri civilizaciis mSvidobiani xasiaTi. cneba “axMinoica” ~minosuri mSvidoba~ damkvidrda mecnierebaSi im
sruliad gansakuTrebuli viTarebis aRsaniSnavad, romelic kunZulze sufevda daaxloebiT 500
wlis ganmavlobaSi. aq ar yofila arc erTi cixe, araviTari niSani imisa, rom kretis mosaxleobas minosur periodSi vinmesTan
omi ewarmoebinos, arsad xelovnebaSi garkveul periodamde ar Cans
aramcTu omis Tema, aramed ubraN 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
lod saomari iaraRic ki. kretaze sakmaod maRal doneze iyo ganviTarebuli religia. umTavres
RvTaebas Tu erTaderTs ara, warmoadgenda dedaRmerTi, rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia mTlianad
protoiberiuli samyarosaTvis. rogorc gvaxsovs kolxeTSi, fasisis SesvlelTan napirze aRmarTuli iyo uzarmazari dedaRmerTis qandakeba. qals kretul kulturaSi, iseve rogorc protoiberiuli samyaros
sxva nawilebSi,
Zalzed mniSvnelovani adgili
eWira.
magram daaxloebiT Zv.w. 16
saukunis meore
naxevarSi protoiberiuli
modgmisaTvis sabediswero aRmoCnda. kretas maxloblad mdebare patara kunZul tiraze
vulkan santorinis amofrqveva
moxda, romelic
mecnierTa mier
kacobriobis istoriaSi yvelaze Zlieri amofrqvevad iTvleba. santorinis
katastrofa, romlis masStabebi
Znelad warmosadgenia, gamandgurebeli aRmoCnda protoiberiuli kulturis mTavari
kerisaTvis. marTalia, am katastrofas minosuri kreta mTlianad ar waulekavs, magram katastrofis Sedegad ganadgurda kretelTa Zlierebisa da keTildReobis sayrdeni
maTi cnobili
floti, moisra mravali dasaxlebuli punqti, daqveiTda ferfliT
mofenili vrceli teritoriebis
nayofiereba. yvelaferma aman bolos da bolos kretelebs gamoulia is energia, romelmac maT
TiTqmis 15 saukunis ganmavlobaSi,
adre da Sua brinjaos xanis periodSi, Zveli samyaros yvelaze
ufro rafinirebuli da TviTmyofadi civilizacia Seaqmnevina. swored am energiis wyalobiT SeZles maT santorinis katastrofamde 200 wliT adre, Zv.w. 1700
wlis Zlieri miwisZvris Semdeg
ara mxolod nangrevebidan aRedginaT qalaqebi, aramed kidev ufro maRal doneze aeyvanaT TavianTi kultura. kidev ufro meti
Zala da gavlena moepovebinaT. magram santorinis katastrofam saboloo wertili dasva. swored
es katastrofa aisaxa berZnul
miTebSi devkalionis warRvnis saxiT, romlis dros promeTes mier
Seqmnili modgma (protoiberielebi) nadgurdeba da mis nacvlad
asparezze gamodis helenosi da
misi vaJebi berZnuli civiliza-
ciis mamamTavrebi.
axla ki daubrundeT ~berZnuli~ miTebis samyaros. rogorc
zemoT iqna aRniSnuli, maT safuZvlad edo protoiberiuli, kerZod ki pelazguri miTosi. Zv.w.
me15 saukuneSi minosuri kretas
ganadgurebam dasabami misca berZnul civilizacias, romelmac Tavis mxriv eziara pelazgur sibrZnes da Taviseburad daamuSava
igi. magram miuxedavad elinis-
turi ~damuSavebisa~ miTebSi mainc SeimCneva protoiberiuli
kulturis zegavlena. udidesi berZnuli gmirebi, Tezevsi, herakle
da iasoni im qveynebSi laSqroben
sulieri sibrZnis mosapoveblad,
romlebic warmoSobiT protoqarTuli protoiberiulia (aqilevsic udidesi gmiria, magram igi
dabadebiT pelazgia, amitomac mas
ar Wirdeba arsad ~siaruli~).
aseTi aris minosuri kreta Tezevsis Casvla minosTan, labirinTSi Sesvla, minotavris mokvla
da labirinTidan gamosvla aris
swored im sulier sibrZnesTan
ziareba, romelic bevrad ufro
Zveli da amaRlebulia berZnulze. aseTivea kolxuri kulturac,
romelic argonavtebis Jams ufro maRla dgas berZnulze, rac
aiZulebs 50 saukeTeso berZen vaJkacs aietTan wavides sibrZnis oqros sawmisis saTxovnelad. heraklec xom dakavSirebulia protoiberul modgmasTan. misi ukanaskneli laSqroba aris hesperidebis baRSi Casvla da iqidan oqros vaSlebis wamoReba. daukvirdiT, im garemoebas rom hesperidebis baRi Zvelad iberiad wodebul espaneTSia, xolo vaSlebs damcvelis rols iafetis Svili, atlasi asrulebs, pirveli, vinc mec-
mamuli
nierulad Seiswavla ciuri mnaTobebi. ase rom, iafetis Svilebi,
promeTec da atlasic floben
winaswar metyvelebis unars. rogorc vxedavT, TviT heraklec, berZenTa Soris udidesi gmiri midis protoiberiul samyaroSi, raTa
iqidan misteriuli sibrZne wamoiRos. promeTes mxsneli herakle
amave dros misi saqmis gamgrZelebelic aris. herakle aris misteriaTa sinkretuli kulturis axal
safexurze amyvani gmiri da isic
ekuTvnis winareberZnul, pelazguriberiul
samyaros, Zvel
iberiul misteriebs. herakle,
Zvel iberTa uZvelesi mziuri
RvTaeba gmiri,
Zvel iberTa beladi, mWidrod
aris dakavSirebuli iberebis
erTerT uZveles
samSoblosTan,
pireneebTan. miTi heraklesa da
misi satrfos
pirenes Sesaxeb,
romelic daiRupa pireneebze
(aqedan momdinareobs am naxevarkunZulis saxelwodebac)
asaxavs kavSirs
heraklesa da am
areals Soris,
iseve rogorc
amas mowmobs
gmiris meaTe da
meTerTmete gmirobis istoria.
SemTxveviT rodi ewodeba gibraltars herakles karibWes. garda
amisa herakle pelazguri argosidan aris gamosuli. herakle persevsis Zea, romelmac daafuZna naTelmxilveluri pelazguri kultura da Semdeg gadaiyvana aTenelTa helenur kulturaze. herakle cxebulia herasi, uZvelesi
pelazguriberiuli qalRmerTisa,
romelic winasaxea izidasi, sofiisa, xolo qristianuli gagebiT RvTismSoblisa. amave dros
herakle zevsis Zea, vinaidan man
agreTve aiTvisa da Seisisxlxorca zevsuri, anu indoevropuli
kulturac.
aRsaniSnavia, rom protoqarTuli (iafeturi) modgma jer kidev
antikuri moTologiuri warmodgenebis mixedviT aRiarebulia miRma
samyaroSi gardasuli kacobriobis msajulad. amas naTelyofen
miTebi iapetosis, radamantisisa da
minosis Sesaxeb. iafetidi pirvelmefe minosi (minosi ~azris
matarebels~ niSnavs) romelsac
kolxTa mefis aietis da pacifae
hyavda colad, homerosis ~odiseaSi~ figurirebs, rogorc hadesSi gardacvlilTa msajuli, rac
Suasaukunebrov tradiciaSic gadavida (dantes ~RvTaebrivi komedia~). minosis Zma, radamanTisi eli-
ses netarTa velis msajulia kronosTan da iapetosTan erTad (radamanTisi miTosis mixedviT sisxlis aRebis wesis damkanonebelia).
* * *
~samudamod ukugdebuli unda
iqnas azri qarTuli anbanis mexuTe saukuneSi gamogonebis Sesaxeb
da ganmtkicdes azri, rom qarTuli damwerloba gacilebiT ufro Zvelia da misi dasawyisi Soreul warsulSi da mcire aziaSi
unda veZioT.~
ivane javaxiSvili,
~qarTuli paleografia~
aqve gvinda SevexoT, protoiberiuli samyaros udides miRwevas
damwerlobas. rogorc cnobilia
damwerloba da anbani warmoadgens romelime mocemuli kulturis ganviTarebis mwvervals.
msoflioSi daaxloebiT 5000 eri
arsebobs, magram amave dros mxolod 14 anbania. xom warmogidgeniaT Tu ras niSnavs nebismieri
kulturisaTvis Tavisi sakuTari
anbanis SemuSaveba da misi floba.
finikielebi aRar arseboben, magram maTi anbani dRemde arsebobs
berZnulis, laTinuris da maTgan
warmoqmnil anbanebis saxiT, romlebic kacobriobis udides monapovrad arian aRiarebuli.
istoriulad iTvleba, rom pirveli anbanis Semqmnelebi Sumerebi arian, romlebmac Zv.w. 3 aTaswleulSi sakuTari damwerloba
Seqmnes. samwuxarod dRemde daudgenelia am saocari eris naTesauri kavSirebi, saidan gaCndnen
an sad gaqrnen isini, Tumca arsebobs metad sayuradRebo versiebi,
romlebsac Cven met naklebad SevexeT.
axla ki qarTuli anbanis zogierT sakiTxs SevexoT. rogorc
cnobilia, qarTuli uZvelesi warwera mxolod Cv.w. 4 saukuniTaa
daTariRebuli, Tumca anbanis Seqmna miewereba saqarTvelos pirvel mefes farnavazs, romelic Zv.w.
43 saukuneSi moRvaweobda.
magram Cemi azriT, ukve droa
xmamaRlad ganvacxadoT, rom qarTuli anbani arc Cv.w. 4 saukeneSia Seqmnili da arc Zv.w. 4si.
igi ufro Zvelia, vidre romelime
sxva anbani msoflioSi da uSualod enaTesaveba Sumeruls. qarTuli anbani memkvidrea Sumerulisa, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgenda protoiberiuli anbanis saxesxvaobas.
anbansa Tu damwerlobaze saubris dawyebisTanave pirveli rac
warmogvidgeba Tvalwin wignia,
romelic nebismieri civilizaciis umaRlesi ganviTarebis simboloa. qarTul anbanis Sesaxeb saubris dawyebamde, gvinda mcire xniT
yuradReba SevaCeroT qarTuli
sityva ~wignis~ etimologiaze.
mTel rig mecniers miaCnia, rom
~wigni~ qarTuli sityva araa da
igi berZnullaTinuri ~Signum~isgan momdinareobs, rasac qarTul
zepirsa da literaturul metyvelebaSi miuRia fonetikurvariaciuli saxe ~wigni~. sityva ~wigni pirvelad moxsniebulia erTerT
15
MFHSDTKJ,BC ERTS ITUH’YJ,BCFSDBC
yvelaze adrindel qarTul werilobiT ZeglSi
severian gabalovnelis ‘eqvsTa dReTaSi~, romelic mexuTe saukunis pirvel naxevarSi uTargmniaT da pirvel
qarTul originalur TxzulebaSi ~SuSanikis wamebaSia” moxseniebuli ~Tana waritana evangele
da wmindani igi wigni mowameTa~
Cveni azriT friad sayuradReboa akademikos rismarg gordezianis mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba,
romelic mWidro kavSirSia protoiberiuli civilizaciis TeoriasTan. batoni rismarg gordeziani, emyareba ra v. ivanovis dakvirvebas, acxadebs “qarTuli ~wignis~ warmomavloba axlosaa etruskul fuZesTan Zix (wigni) da
CrdilodasavleT kavkasiis ~wer~
ZirTan. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT cnobil garemoebas, rom etruskebi im
30mde dasaxelebis winare qarTveluri anu kolxurpelazguri modgmis warmomadgenlebi arian, romelTac eWiraT kavkasiis, mcire
aziis, balkaneTis da apeninebis naxevarkunZulebi berZnebis gamoCenamde, advilia vivaraudoT, rom
~wix~ winaberZnuli anu protoiberiuli mosaxleobis sityvaa. filologebis mier damtkicebulia,
rom ~z~ fonema etruskuli transliteraciiT ikiTxeba, rogorc
qarTuli ~c~, xolo ~x~ ki Seesatyviseba ~g~ da ~k~ bgerebs.
aqedan gamomdinare, ~Zix‘ warmoiTqvis rogorc ~cig~, maSasadame, saxezea etruskuli ~cig~is da qarTuli ~wig~ fuZebis etimologiuri naTesaoba. qarTuletruskuli sityvacnebebis fonetikuri Sinaarsobrivi identuroba ar unda
iwvevdes gaocebas, radgan dRes
mecnierebs moepovebaT sarwmuno
wyaroebi, mignebebi da mosazrebani
imis Taobaze, rom qarTvelTa winaprebi idgnen berZnebamdeli civilizaciis anu kavkasiurxmelTaSuazRviseuli (mediteranuli)
kulturis akvanTan. dadgenilia
5000 sityvis Ziri da 300-mde
sityvacneba, romlebsac xmarobdnen
mesame aTaswleulSi SuamdinareTis, mcire aziis, kontinenturi
saberZneTis teritoriebze gansaxlebuli tomebi. es sityvebi imave
mniSvnelobiTa da fonetikuri JReradobiT aRinusxebian dRevandel
qarTvelur leqsikaSi qarTulSi, megrulSi, lazurWanursa da
gansakuTrebiT svanurSi.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, rodesac wignze iwyeba saubari, Cveulebriv nagulisxmevia damwerloba.
paleografiul mecnierebaSi gamoiyofa anbanis Seqmnamde arsebuli, damwerlobis winare ori safexuri piqtografiuli (naxatebiT) da ideografiuli (cnebasqemebiT) wera, romelTa nimuSebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSia aRmoCenili da Seswavlili. es Zeglebi III aTaswleuliTaa daTariRebuli, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom adreul qarTul damwerlobas anu mwignobrul kulturas didi tradiciebi aqvs. amasTan rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, mecnierebaSi TandaTan fexs ikidebs
mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom kacobriobis pirveli damwerloba
Sumeruli anbani genetikurad qarTul asomTavruls ukavSirdeba.
Soreul warsulSi, arsebobda
erTi friad saintereso dauwereli kanoni eri, romelsac Seswev-
16
da Zala Seeqmna damwerloba, aucileblad Zlevamosili da damoukidebeli iqneboda.
sainteresoa, rogor gamoiyurebdnen am mxriv Cveni winaprebi? qarTvelTa Sesaxeb yvelaze arqauli
cnobebi Semonaxuli aqvs miTologiur Tqmulebas argonavtebis Sesaxeb, romelic homerosamdeli epoqis Zeglad, kerZod XIVXIII saukuneebis kuTvnilebad iTvleba.
Tqmuleba gvauwyebs, rom dasavleTSi didi brZanebeli yofila
kretis mefe minos, xolo aRmosavleTSi
kolxeTis mefe aieti.
feakebis mefe alkinoe arwmunebs
dedofals, rom ~mefe aietis mouridebloba ar ivargebs. masze uZlieresi mefe arvinaa. marTalia
Sorsaa, magram Tu moisurvebs eladas oms gamoucxadebso~. aqedan
gamomdinare, aieti imdroindeli
msoflios or uZlieres mefeTagan erTerTia, aravisze damokidebuli da Zlevamosili. amitom, bunebrivia, Tu vifiqrebT, rom aseT
Zlier mefes Seefereba hqondes
sakuTari damwerloba Zlierebisa da misteriuli codnis simbolo. marTlac, imdroindel samyaroSi, damwerloba RvTaebriv movlenad iyo miCneuli. egvi pteSi
mas sakuTari RmerTi hyavda sibrZnis RvTaeba toti, romelsac
egviptelTa uzenaesi RmerTis ras
sityvebis Casawerad egvipturi ieroglifebi Seuqmnia Turme. SemTxveviTi rodia, rom berZnebi ieroglifebs ~RvTiur amonakveTebs~
uwodebdnen, xolo erTerTi uZvelesi ebrauli miTi gvamcnobs, rom
~RmerTma Seqmna asoebi. uzenaess
siamovnebda asoebze fiqri da Sehxaroda maT, TiToeul asoniSans
Tavadve miuCina rigmimdevroba.~
dRes Cven Tamamad SegvviZlia
vTqvaT aiets gaaCnda Tavisi damwerloba! gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieris da sazogado moRvawis ivane
javaxiSvili Tavis wignSi ~qarTuli paleografia~ werda ~samudamod ukugdebuli unda iqnas
azri qarTuli anbanis mexuTe saukuneSi gamogonebis Sesaxeb da
ganmtkicdes azri, rom qarTuli
damwerloba gacilebiT ufro Zvelia da misi dasawyisi Soreul
warsulSi da mcire aziaSi unda
veZioT. qarTuli anbanis moxazuloba iseTia, rom is ar SeiZleba
warmarTobis xanis ar iyos... da
aramcTu warmarTuli xanas, uuZveles xanas ekuTvnis~.
didi mecnieris es azri niSandoblivi gamoxmaurebaa imisa, rasac qarTuli damwerlobis Sesaxeb adasturebs ramdenime antikuri werilobiT informacia, Semonaxuli miTologiur TqmulebaSi argonavtebis Sesaxeb, romelic
epiur Txzulebad ~argonavtikad~
aqcia Zv.w. III saukunis swavlulma apolonios rodoselma. poema
~argonavtika~ Tavisi umdidresi
da uZvelesi cnobebis momcveli
sqolioebiT, uZvirfasesi dokumentia qarTuli (kolxuri) arqauli kulturis warmosaCenad. damwerlobis TvalsazrisiT aq yuradRebas iqcevs sami movlena
~kolxuri kvirbebi~, ~aietis samisno samfexi~ da ~oqros sawmisi~.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani.
argonavtikaSi vkiTxulobT: ~kolxebs Semonaxuli aqvT mamaTagan
naweri kvirbebi, romlebzec mogzaurTaTvis naCvenebia zRvisa da xme-
leTis yvela gza da sazRvari~.
berZnulad ~kvirbi~ niSnavs magar sawer masalas dafas, firfitas, stelas romelzec garda sazRvao da saxmeleTo miniSnebebisa
iwereboda sakanonmdeblo, sakraluri da saRvTismsaxuro teqstebi. kvirbebze homerosis poemebic aRinusxeboda Turme. mecnierTa didi cdebis miuxedavad, sityva ~kvirbis~ axsna indoevropuli
enebis meSveobiT ver moxerxda.
amasTan straboni am sityvas qarTul movlenad miiCnevda. straboni werda, rom ~koribantebi, romelTac damwerlobis kvirbebis Seqmna
miewerebaT, kolxTagan ariano~
istorikosma vl. siWinavam ~kvirbi~ daakavSira qarTul (megrul)
sityvasTan ~kiribi~, rac niSnavs
kravs, batkans.
gizo WeliZem amasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSna ~am dakvirvebas ~maxvilgonieri~ uwoda ak. uruSaZem,
Tumca ar gaiziara igi, rameTu
~kvirbi~ magar sawer masalas niSnavda da ara tyavso. vfiqrobT, es
garemoeba ar unda qmnides dabrkolebas. ~kvirbkiribi~ marTlac maxvilgonieri da sarwmuno etimologiuri Sewyvilebaa. xom dasaSvebia, rom kravis tyavze Sesrulebuli nebismieri teqsti gamoikvrebodes stelaze an dafaze?~
sityvebi ~kolxebs Semonaxuli
aqvT mamaTagan naweri kvirbebi~
ekuTvnis aietis SviliSvils, qalkiopes vaJs argoss, igive aietis
Tanamedroves. gamodis, rom laparakia aietis winaprebze, e.i. kolxebs aietis epoqamde hqoniaT damwerloba ~naweri kvirbebi~.
mefe aietis karze rom damwerloba pativSi yofila, amis mauwyebelia sxva ori mniSvnelovani movlenac ~warweriani samisno samfexi~ da sayovelTaod cnobili ~oqros sawmisi~. romaeli swavluli
diodore sicilieli (Zv.w. I s.)
miuTiTebs, rom kolxeTidan wasulma,
qariSxlisgan gariyulma argonavtebma, zRvis RmerTs tritons ~saCuqrad uboZes Zveli asoebiT amotvifruli spilenZis samfexi~, romelic, Tamar kobaxiZis gamokvleviT, warmoadgenda aietis sakuTrebas, medeam mamis sxva nivTebTan erTad (samefo gvirgvini, mosasxami)
sasaxlidan rom gaitaca. samfexze
Sesrulebul warweras misnuri Zala hqonda. imazec mianiSneben, rom
samfexis Sewirvis rituali Tavad medeam Seasrulao. CvenTvis
amjerad mniSvnelovani is aris, rom
~samfexi~ warmoadgens epigrafiul Zegls ~zedwerils~, rac ~nawer kvirbebTan~ erTad ganamtkicebs azrs kolxuri damwerlobis
arsebobis Sesaxeb.
aqve gvinda kidev davsvaT erTi
SekiTxva ras warmoadgens ~oqros
sawmisi~?
~oqros sawmisi~ zeciurRvTaebrivi simboloa! oqro mzis RvTaebis ganuyreli atributi da misi gamoxatulebaa, xolo cxvari
uSualod RvTis atributia. aqedan gamomdinare, ~oqros sawmisis~
mopovebisaTvis brZola RvTaebasTan miaxloebis idumal gzad unda iqnas gaazrebuli. ~argonavtikis~ mTavari miTosurmxatvruli
RerZi oqros sawmisia, romlis gasataceblad Sesdga saukeTeso berZen gmirTa eqspedicialaSqroba.
Tqmuleba miTosuri moTxrobaa, rac
gulisxmobs realurisa da ara-
mamuli
realuris harmoniul mTlianobaSi warmosaxvas. rogorc troas
gaTxrebma daadastura, Zalzed xSirad miTi istoriul faqtebsac
asaxavs. argonavtebis Tqmulebac
am mxvriv metismetad sagulisxmoa qarTuli damwerlobis saTaveebis saZieblad.
IVIII saukunis berZenma swavlulma palifatem dawera miTografiuli traqtati, romelic dakargulia, magram gadarCenilia am traqtatze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili ucnobi avtoris naSromi ~daujerebelTaTvis~, romelSic xazgasmiT
aris Cawerili palifates sityvebi:~kolxeTSi daculi tyavi, namdvilad oqros sawmisi ki ar iyo,
es poetebis monaWoria, aramed tyavze naweri wigni, Tu rogor SeiZleba miviRoT oqro qimiis saSualebiT, Tanamedroveebma Sesabamisad uwodes mas oqrosi, misgan
gamomdinare moqmedebis gamo~
daaxloebiT amasve gvauwyebs Cv.w.
II saukunis istorikosfilosofosi saraqs pergamonelic, romlis cnoba daucavs Cv. w. XII
saukunis kompilatorinterpretator evstaTi Tesalonikels, da
romelic wers: ~saraqsi ambobda,
rom oqros sawmisi iyo etratze
aRnusxuli xerxi oqros damwerlobisa, romlis gamoc argos laSqroba moewyo~.
Tesalonikelze sami saukuniT
adre ~msoflio qronikis~ avtors
ioane antioqels Tavis TxzulebaSi pirdapir gadmoutania palifates naTqvami: ~oqros sawmisi wigni
iyo tyavze nawerio~. igive cnoba
daculia agreTve leqsikograf svidas (Cv.w. X s.) naSromSic.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Zveli
saukunis XIVXIII saukuneebSi, kolxebs hqondaT epigrafikuli damwerloba (spilenZis samisno samfexi ~ZvelisZveli asoebiT amotvifruli~) da kravis tyavze kvirbze Sesrulebuli ~mamaTagan naweri~ teqstebi, da aseve ~etratze aRnusxuli~ anu ~tyavze dawerili~ oqros sawmisi.
am sakiTxis ganxilvisas unda
wamoiwios kolxurpelazgur tomTa genetikurkulturulteritoriuli erTianobis sakiTxi, rac
qmnis qarTvelTa winaprebis memkvidreobiT cnobierebas. es ki saSualebas gvaZlevs damwerlobis
sakiTxs gansxvavebuli sibrtyidan SevxedoT.
fric Saxermeieri amtkicebs, rom
kretis (pelazgTa) uZvelesi nawarmoebi ena, igive egeosuri ena,
ganekuTvneba kavkasiur enaTa jgufs.
r. gordeziani ki pelazgurs qarTveluri enis struqturul enad
Tvlis. iseTi didi qarTveli
mkvlevarebis, rogorc ak. uruSaZe,
n. keWaRmaZe, T. kobaxiZe da sxvebi,
dakvirvebiT, diodore sicilieli,
Tavis ~istoriul biblioTekaSi~
laparakobs ra homerosis winadroindel mwerlebze, dasZens, rom
~Zveli poetebis maswavlebeli iyo
linosi, romelmac pelazguri asoebiT aRwera dionises saqmeni da
sxva miTebi~. es aris igive e.w.
~minosuri damwerloba~ (kretis
legendaruli mefis saxelidan gamomdinare). miCneulia, rom kolxuri da minosuri damwerlobani
enobrivtomobrivad naTesavi xalxebis Semoqmedebaa. amitom mosalodnelia weris niSnebad orive
identur grafemebs gamoiyenebdnen.
ra Tqma unda minosuri damwerlobis gauSifraoba didad aZnelebs am kiTxvebze pasuxs, magram
miuxedavad amisa Cven SegviZlia
gavagrZeloT msjeloba.
radgan linosma ~pelazguri asoebiT aRwera dionises saqmeni~, xolo samisno samfexze warwera ~Zveli
asoebiT yofila amotvifruli~, amitom protoiberiul modgmaSi fiqtogramebiT wera araa mosalodneli. iqneb weris niSnebad asosTan
mimsgavsebuli grafemebi iyo gamoyenebuli. radgan saqme metismetad
Soreul dros Seexeba, anbanur (bgerobrivad danawevrebuli) damwerlobas ver vigulisxmebT. savaraudoa, mxolod logogramuli damwerloba, roca erTi weris niSani
erT Sesabamis ~logoss~ sityvas
an cnebas gamoxatavs.
asea Tu ise, qarTuli damwerlobis tradiciebi iv. javaxiSvilis Tqmis ar iyos ~uZveles xanas ekuTvnis~. am mxvriv sagulisxmo dakvirvebebi aqvs ramodenime
qarTvel mecniers, maT Soris el.
maJavarians da z. qafianiZes.
el. maWavariani, asomTavruli
grafikuli struqturis ganxilvis Sedegad, gamoricxavs romelime winamorbedi (ucxo) damwerlobidan mis momdinareobas da
erovnul anbanis grafikul sawyisebs (asoTa kompoziciur wyobas)
uZveles qarTul arqiteqturul
ZeglebTan, kvadratul gegmaze damyarebul maTi agebis tipTan, oTxkuTxovani kuTxuri wyobiT gadaxurvis sistemasTan akavSirebs,
rasac Turme hqonia glexur arqiteqturaSi jer kidev aTaswleulebis win.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, protoqarTuli (iafeturi) modgma
da misi ena TandaTan ~damdablebuli~ da ~dawunebuli~ xdeba
Zv.w. III aTaswleulidan, rodesac
evraziaSi iwyeba indoevropelTa
eqspansia da gabatoneba, rac berZnul miTologiaSi simbolizebulia iafetis Zis titan promeTes
mijaWviT kavkasionze da dedamiwaze zevsisa da misi panTeonis
dominirebiT. kidev erTxel moviSveliebT akad. s. yauxCiSvilis
azrs, rom aq saqme gvaqvs ori
sxvadasxva kulturis brZolasTan da urTierTdapirispirebasTan, saxeldobr, promeTe ar aris
berZnuli RvTaeba, igi im xalxis
RmerTia, romelic berZnebis mosvlamde cxovrobda da maRali kulturis matarebeli iyo. xolo
olimpieli zevsi wminda berZnuli RvTaebaa; zevsi im berZnebis
RvTaebaa, romlebic kulturis sakmaod dabal safexurze idgnen, rodesac movidnen da dasaxldnen balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze, egeosis
arqipelagze da mcire aziis dasavleT sanapirioebze. axalmosuli berZnuli mosaxleoba metad
meomruli iyo da ganuwyvetliv
ebrZoda gacilebiT ufro maRali kulturis mqone protoqarTul mosaxleobas. es modgma aRavsebda ara marto kavkasias, aramed
indoeTs, xmelTaSua zRvis auzs,
samxreT evropas, pirineebs, egeosis
arqipelagsa da mcire azias. am
modgmas zogi evropeli mecnieri
uwodebs liguriberiul an euskaroalarodiul modgmas, xolo
Cveni mecniereba iafetur anu iberiulkavkasiurs.
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
@^ VFBCB CFMFHSDTKJIB
- ras niSnavda da rogor aRniSnavdnen emigrantTa pirveli
da Semdgomi Taobebi 26 maiss?
- SemiZlia mxolod imis Sesaxeb giTxraT, rac maxsovs. yovel
26 maiss Zalian didi zeimi imarTeboda, romelzec ara mxolod
mTel emigracias epatiJebodnen,
aramed frang politikosebs, sxva
emigraciebs, sabWoTa kavSiris
erebis warmomadgenlebs. es erTdroulad politikuri Sexvedrac iyo da zeimic, sadac jer
sityviT gamodiodnen da Semdeg
cekva-simRera imarTeboda.
- Tqvens Zmas patara jgufi
hyavda, visTan erTadac qarTul
simRerebs mReroda. Tqven?
- am zeimebze erT dros mec
vcekvavdi da axlgazrdebis jgufTan erTad vmRerodi kidec qarTul simRerebs.
mamaCemi, daaxloebiT, 15 wlis
ganmavlobaSi idga qarTuli saTvistomos saTaveSi da yovelTvis
sityviT gamodioda. am gamosvlebis ZiriTadi mesiji im damoukideblobis aRniSvna iyo, romelic 1918 wels yvela qveynis
mier iyo aRiarebuli. am gamosvlebSi imeds gamoTqvamda, rom
damoukideblobis dro isev dadgeboda.
- wels rogor xvdebian safrangeTSi am dRes?
- didi xnis manZilze jer
saelCo ar iyo safrangeTSi da
mere saelCo da saTvistomo gayofili iyvnen. Cveni saelCos iniciativiT, wels erTad izeimes.
- komunistebi - rogor warmogedginaT isini bavSvobidan?
- zustad ise, rogorc Cems
mSoblebs. rodesac safrangeTis
sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier gamocxadebuli konkursis weriTi nawili gaviare da zepiric unda Camebarebina, swored
am dros sabWoTa saelCos warmomadgeneli movida da Cemi siaSi yofna ministrTan gaaprotesta. miTxres - am protestis
gamo SeiZleba ver migiRoTo.
sabWoTa mxaris argumentiT warmovadgendi ojaxs, romelsac mZime antibolSevikuri warsuli
hqonda. mere amaSi Caeria Cveni
ojaxis axlobeli, warmoSobiT
qarTveli andronikovi, romelic
im dros de golis Tarjimani
iyo da didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda. amis wyalobiT movxvdi di plomatiur samsaxurSi.
- rogor fiqrobT, dRevande-
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
li qarTvelebi mTeli suliT
da guliT grZnoben am dRis
mniSvnelobas? aris es maTTvis
namdvili dResaswauli?
- me mgoni, rom aris. CemTvis
es araCveulebrivi dRea da ara
mxolod imitom, rom 26 maiss
saqarTveloSi veswrebi da rom
aRlumze qarTuli jari gamodis. es CemTvis sizmari, warmoudgeneli ocneba iyo.
- meored damoukidebloba saqarTvelom 9 aprils gamoacxada. fiqrobT, rom es iyo zemodan, ruseTidan daSvebuli damoukidebloba da amitom ar zeimoben am dRes?
- 9 aprili glovasTan dakavSirebuli TariRia da amdenad,
jobia, rom dResaswauli ormagi mniSvnelobis matarebeli ar
iyos.
am orive TariRs met-naklebad hqonda is niSani, rac Tqven
TqviT - ruseTisgan daTmobili
damoukidebloba. arc erTi ar
yofila mopovebuli. magram, pirvelma damoukideblobam 3 weli
gaZlo da swored es aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis
dasawyisi.
- `risTvis wamovediT, Tu isev
dapyrobil saqarTveloSi unda
Cavideo” - Tqva mamaTqvenma 1974
wels, rodesac aq Camosvlis saSualeba mieca. ise gardaicvala, rom ar Camosula. paradoqsia, magram damoukideblobis miuxedavad, rusis jarebi isev aq
dganan. bazebis gayvanis sakiTxze molaparakebebis procesSi
rusebs etyobodaT gaRizianeba
im cvlilebebis gamo, rac saqarTveloSi, ukrainaSi moxda da
rasac ukve veRaraferi SeaCerebs?
- mgonia, rom rusebi erTdroulad ormxrivad gaRizianebulebi arian da ara imdenad ukanaskneli movlenebis gamo, aramed imis gamo, rom amas saqarTvelos dakargvad afaseben. Tumca, Sexvedrebis dros es naklebad igrZnoba, radgan molaparakebebi profesionalur doneze
mimdinareobs. metadre lavrovTan, romelic ti puri profesionali di plomatia da Tu is
rames gamoxatavs, es kargad aris
awonil-dawonili da ar aris
emociuri, piradi gaRizianeba.
lavrovi kargad flobs molaparakebebis instrumentebs da am
codnas iyenebs. gaRizianebis foni,
udaod arsebobs da rusebTan
nebismier molaparakebaSi es aris
arsebiTi problema. isini ver
aRgviqvamen, rogorc mezobels, romelTanac SeiZleba saerTo interesebi gvqondes. es yvelaferi emociur, araracionalur fonzea, rac molaparakebebSi sirTuleebs qmnis.
- ruseTis mxridan am etapze
ra aris vaWrobis mTavari Tema?
- mTavari argumenti jarebis
gayvanis teqnikuri sirTuleebia. rac am molaparakebebSi CaverTe, jarebis argayvanis sakiTxi ar dasmula da es sakiTxi
stambulSi moixsna, rodesac rusebma bazebis gayvanaze Tanxmoba
ganacxades. Tu zogierTi rusi
Cemi
sizmari
da
ocneba
gulaxdili saubari salome zurabiSvilTan
ssrk-s maSindeli pirveli mdivani xruSCovi parizSi Cadioda. eSinodaT, vinmes
bombi ar esrola. erT diliT, levan zurabiSvili da ramdenime `saSiSi” qarTveli parizs gaarides da cota xniT, korsikaze gadaasaxles. Svilebi, patara salome da oTari dabRverilebi uyurebdnen, rogor mihyavdaT mamiko. imave dilas
dedam bavSvebi skolaSi waiyvana. skola moSorebiT iyo da avtobusiT unda emgzavraT. avtobusebze sabWoTa droSebi iyo damagrebuli. bavSvebma es rom dainaxes, ar avalTo - gamoacxades. dedam uTxra, xruSCovis gulisTvis taqsSi fuls
ar davxarjav, Tvalebze xelebi avifaroT da ise vimgzavroTo...
dRes es patara salome, patara saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministria da im
dros qarTvel emigrantTa Svili am postze verc iocnebebda.
samxedros da dumis wevris gancxadebebs ar CavTvliT, oficialuri pirebisgan arasdros ar
aris dava bazebis gayvanis princi pis Sesaxeb. putinis ukanaskneli gancxadeba, rodesac man
Tqva, rom Tu mosaxleobas Seni
iq yofna ar surs, iq ar unda
iyoo, swored amaze metyvelebs.
amdenad, mTeli maTi argumentacia mxolod teqnikuri xasiaTis aris - ra vuyoT Cvens jariskacebs, maT mowyobas bevri
fuli unda, sad gadaviyvanoTo
da sxva.
- da, ra Tqma unda, qarTuli
mxare gayvanis procesSi ruseTs
yovelgvar teqnikur daxmarebas
pirdeba...
- es mzadyofna yovelTvis arsebobs, oRond zomierebis farglebSi. maTi mxridan 500 milionis moTxovna iyo argumenti, raTa ar wamosuliyvnen molaparakebaze.
- erT-erT interviuSi brZaneT,
rom ruseTSi `Zalian garkveviT
unda icodnen, sad aris Cveni
wiTeli xazi. unda icodnen, rom
am wiTeli xazis gadakveTis SemTxvevaSi Cvengan mwvave reaqcias
miiReben”. molaparakebebis procesSi es zRvari daaweseT?
- zRvari maSin dadgeba, rodesac ganvucxadebT, rom maTTan
molaparakebebi aRar gvainteresebs. magram, es momenti araTu
ar damdgara, aramed progresiskenac mivdivarT. molaparakebebs
Zalian didi saerTaSoriso ga-
mamuli
moxmaureba mohyva da yvela Cvenma
partniorma zustad icis, romel etapze raze vlaparakobT
da raze SevTanxmdiT. es yvelaferi sruli gamWvirvalobiT Catardeba. ar arsebobs, maT raime
punqti daarRvion da Cven amaze
gavCumdeT.
- saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis sxva skola gaiareT da sul
sxva gamocdileba gaqvT. qarTul saerTaSoriso urTierTobebs mxolod 10 wliani biografia aqvs. profesiuli TvalsazrisiT, ra ver daZlies qarTvelma di plomatebma?
- aqauri di plomatebisa da
sistemis mimarT arc pretenzia
maqvs da arc problemebi. ra
Tqma unda, xarvezebic aris da
problemebic - erT dRes kmayofil var, meore dRes vyviri, magram jamSi, ver vityvi, rom 10
wliani sistema ar moqmedebs.
ruseTTan molaparakebebSi ver
vigrZeni, rom Cven ramenairad sustebi varT maTTan SedarebiT.
zogjer vjobdiT kidec imitom,
rom sxva foni gvaqvs - Cveni
samxedroebi mxars gviWeren da
sxva.
ase rom,Cveni problema diplomatebi ki ara, aradi plomatebi
arian, romlebic garedan fiqroben, rom di plomatebi arian.
diplomatia imdenad advili saqme hgoniaT, rom yvelas aqvs imis
ambicia, rom di plomatia ician,
rom SeuZliaT di plomatiuri
molaparakebebis warmarTva da
yvelaferSi erevian. ufro es
aris problema, Torem, Signidan
normaluri da misaRebi procesia. arc iseT dabal safexurze
varT da sul ufro win mivdivarT.
- rogor ggoniaT, winaprebs
sanukvar ocnebas ausrulebT da
Tqven gaacilebT saqrTvelodan
rusis jars?
- es aris erT-erTi nawili
im misiisa, romelic vikisre da
minda, rom Sevasrulo. es rom
mxolod Cemze iyos damokidebuli, ra Tqma unda, Sevasrulebdi. magram es misiis erT-erTi
nawilia, kidev sxvac aris - nato,
evrokavSiri, stabiluroba regionSi... amitom, aq did xans
davrCebi - daaaxloebiT, erTi
saukuniT...
maia WalaganiZe
momaval nomerSi:
saqarTvelos respublikis
damoukideblobis aRdgenis istoriuli
aqtis fotoreproduqcia, romlis
originali dakargulia!
17
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hjujhw vcjakbj ghfmnbrfv w[fl.j7 ahjblbc acbmjfyfkbnbrehb vj’qdht,f dth dbsfhlt,f njnfkbnfhekb ht;bvbc gbhj,t,ib8 eahj vtnbw7
njnfkbnfhbpvb ltdybc vfc8 cf-
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vbcb mwtdbcf lf cbvgnjvt,bc mdtwyj,bthb ’bht,b7 hjv bub vjbgjdt,c ibyfufy sfdbceakt,fc
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fyfkbpb lfbo.j !()* otkc7 !)__
otkc rb ufvjfmdt.yf aeylfvtynehb yfihjvb 3cbpvht,bc ufyvfhnt,f48
ahjblbc hxtekb yfotht,b
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hjwf uthvfytkt,vf !)#( otkc
lfbg.htc fdcnhbf7 vcjakbjib
erdt ufvjxtybkb vtwybthb afibcnt,vf lffgfnbvhtc8 bub ufvjbc.blf ahfyuvf acbmjfyfkbnbrjcvf lf vbcvf .jabkvf gfwbtynvf vfhb ,jyfgfhnvf cfahfyutsib fvthbrbc tkxbc iefvlujvkj,bs8
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cfcbrdlbkj ytvcb lf bub ufhlfbwdfkf kjyljyib !)#) okbc
@! ctmntv,thc8
istoriuli kadri
kargad daakvirdiT am suraTs...
am xatze samTxvevad momarTul ymawvilsac...
da im xatsac, romelsac igi emTxveva...
minda am suraTis miRma qarTveli mrevlis udidesi rwmenac dainaxoT, rom cdiloben ar moswydnen TavianT deda-eklesias
da zogjer erTaderT gamosasvlel dRes
niu-iorkSi miiCqarian, wmida ninos qarTul
eklesiaSi salocavad.
iq mrevls saocrad Tbili, qarTuli
`aura~ elodeba, saTno da keTili moZRvaric, dekanozi aleqsandre TandilaSvili,
da ukve erTaderTi xatis reproduqciac,
romelmac wmida ninos saxe Semogvinaxa.
iamaye saqarTvelov! Seni sisxli da xorci niu-iorkSi `mamulSi~ dabeWdil wmida
ninos xatze loculobs.
18
mamuli
N 14,
GBHDTKB KTMWBF8
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gbhdtkb wyj,t,b vbbqjs8 ufd,tlfd7 dbdfhfelj7 hjv smdtysdbc wyj,bkbf itvltub5
acbmjfyfkbpb ythdekb fdflv.jat,bc vrehyfkj,bc
ths-thsb vtsjlbf9 lf fmdt
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fv cathjib hfqfwt,b c[dfudfhfl lf gbhbmbsfw rb rtslt,f7 dblht vtlbwbyfibf vbqt,ekb8 xdtekt,hbd7 hjltcfw fdflv.jabc vrehyfkj,fc vbcsdbc f[fkb vtsjlbs
bo.t,ty7 wlbkj,ty7 xffujyjy7 hjv cfibihjt,f fhwse
lblbf lf vrehyfkj,bc ofhvfnt,fib lffhoveyjy8 dabmhj,7 tc cfdct,bs ufvfhskt,ekbf7 hflufy fvbs ofhvfnt,bc ifycc dphlbs8 [jkj HJLTCFW YTDHJNBRBC VREHYFKJ<FC
ACBMJFYFKBPBC VTSJLBS DBO>T<S7 C{DFUDFHFL DVJMVTLT<S8
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vjudbfyt,bs sdbsjyfw lfhoveylt,bs8
ye uto.byt,fs7 se gbhdtk
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f[kfdt vbylf ufxdtyjs7 hf
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xdtekb fphjdyt,f ufhlfedfkfl uflfufmwtds acbmjfyfkbpbc vjobyffqvltutl7 ufxdtyt,s7 hfvltyb hfv eylf
uflfkf[js7 hjv tc bycnbymnehb obyffqvltuj,f lf’kbjs8 ,eyt,hbdbf7 obyfcofh
’ytkb cfsmvtkbf7 hfc ufbut,s xtvb ktmwbt,blfy acbmjfyfkbpbcfc7 vfuhfv itvb’kbf vnrbwtl fqubsmdfs7 hjv
vfsb vjcvtybc itvltu acbmjfyfkbnbrehb ufvjrdktdbc lf
vrehyfkj,bc xfnfht,fc dth
2aTas5, ivlisi
OBUYB7 HJVTKVFW IT'HF VCJAKBJ
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itvtwyt,fib cbf[kt [b,kfds7
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se hjvtkbvt smdtyufyb vfsb
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fyfnjvbeh ghtgfhfnc7 mbvbehb htfmwbbc lhjc lfyfktmc7
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mbhehubek xfhtdfc lftcohjs
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N 14,
3hjujh itb’kt,f v[jkjl kfgfhfrbs lffdflt,bc ufyrehyt,f04 tc bctdt fhfijhcvzdhtntkehbf7 hjujhw fhfsfyfvbvltdhekb8 jltcqfw cbn.dt,b
]fljmhj,f b.j7 cbn.dfv ,tdh
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vjofatt,c7 jhfnjhb cbn.dt,bs bnfwt,c vcvtytkc8 cbn.dt,b fatmnt,c bodtdc lf flfvbfyt,bc thsvfytspt ptvjmvtlt,bc fqbfht,ek cfiefkt,fc ofhvjflutyc8 fvbnjv cfsfyfljl
itdfafcjs acbmjsthfgbfib cbn.dt,bc ufvj.tyt,f lf lfdrvf.jabklts7 serb bv cbn.dt,bc
vjcvtyfc itd’kt,s7 hjvkt,cfw
fyfkbnbrjcb lf vbcb gfwbtynb
thsvfytsc te,yt,bfy8
vfuhfv xdtysdbc tctw rb vbeodljvtkbf8 cfe,fhb7 hjvkbcufyfw itlut,f cojhtl acbmjfyfkbnbrehb vrehyfkj,f7
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bc7 fk,fs7 sfdbc xbdbkt,cf lf
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vfc v[jkjl tmbvbcflvb ufycfresht,ekb rtsbkufyo.j,bc
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cfresfh sdfkcfphbcfvlt vbcdkf exdtekj gbhj,t,ib vjubotds7 hflufy vbc itcf[t,
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2aTas5, ivlisi
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19
HFC FH UFBUT,=
1992 wels presaSi gamoqveynda
mogoneba ruseTis samefo karTan,
kerZod, nikoloz II-is ojaxTan
daaxloebul cnobil pirovnebaze,
rasputinis siZed Tu sasiZod monaTlul quTaisel simonika fxakaZeze. mogonebis avtori- simonikas biZaSvilis Svili (dedis mxridan), aw gardacvlili vera gvancelaZe-jiqia, adamiani, romelic simonikas ded-mamis ojaxSi Sinauri iyo da cxadia, ax-loblobda
Tavad simonikasTan.
mewaRis Svilze, gaaznaurebul
oficer, aristokratuli manerebis mqone simonika fxakaZeze bevri
daiwera, magram misi azrovneba ramdenadme negatiurad warmoCnda da
faqtebis gazviadebisa da damaxinjebis tendenciam iCina Tavi. Jurnalistebi, mwerlebic ki, am kacis
pirovnul TvisebebSi da biografiul monacemebSi eZebdnen sensaciurs da Sordebodnen WeSmaritebas. Cemi `gaxsenebac” ar iqneba
amomwuravi, magram iqneba marTali,
obieqturi. simonika fxakaZeze ki
kidev daiwereba da ufro naTlad
warmoCndeba am kolorituli pirovnebis avan-Cavani.
me mTlianad veyrdnobi Cemi dedis- vera gvancelaZe-jiqias mogonebebs (simonika fxakaZes piradad ar movswrebivar, magram kargad maxsovs simonikas deda da
sami da-Zma, sakmaod axlosac viyavi maTTan, magram iyo periodi, roca aseT pirovnebaze wera ar SeiZleboda, amitom bevri saintereso
faqti, romelic SeiZleboda mimeRo misi aw ukve gardacvlili
da-Zmebisgan, daikarga, daikarga fotosuraTebic, romlebzec, Cemi dedis gadmocemiT, aRbeWdili iyo
simonika nikoloz II-is ojaxTan
erTad, nikoloz II-is erT-erT qaliSvils, saxeldobr tatianas, simonikas oficris qudi exura).
vera gvancelaZe-jiqias mogonebebSi gadmocemul faqtebSi Cven
SevecadeT dagvenaxa simonika fxakaZis WeSmariti buneba, rogorc
ucxour niadagze gadanergili
qarTuli jiSis transformaciis
Sedegi, raSic mSobliurma genebma
mainc imZlavra da misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi ufro naTlad warmoaCina: ruseTSi xangrZlivi cxovrebis miuxedavad simonika fxakaZe WeSmarit qarTvel kacad warmogvidgeba, mas savsebiT SenarCunebuli hqonda qarTuli xasiaTi
da adaT-wesebisadmi siyvaruli.
igi amiTac gamoirCeoda im dros
peterburgSi drosmatarebel moqeife oficrebs Soris. cnobilia
gamoTqma-yvelani Cveni bavSvobidan
movdivarTo da simonika fxakaZis
xasiaTis CamoyalibebaSi upirvelesi roli, albaT, im ojaxur
garemos unda miekuTvnos, sadac
tradiciuli qarTuli wesebi iyo
gabatonebuli.
simonikas mama ivane fxakaZe saxarazos mepatrone iyo da sakmaod SeZ-lebulic. deda-eduki muxianeli babunaSvilis qali gaxldaT. warmosadegi, darbaiseli, keTili, niadag qarTul kabasa da
Cixti-kops atarebda. mas gansakuTrebuli ganaTleba ar hqonda
miRebuli, magram Wkua-gonebiT, aR-
20
zrdiTa da Sinagani kulturiT
diaRac rom sayovelTao mowonebasa da pativiscemas imsaxurebda.
fxakaZeebis ojaxSi, romelic mermindel wulukiZis, axlandel asaTianis quCaze sakuTar saxlSi
cxovrobda, Tavs iyrida imdroindeli quTaisis warCinebuli sazogadoeba. ojaxs xuTi Svli hyavda: ori ulamazesi qaliSvili da
sami vaJi, maT Soris simonika rigiT meore iyo. tradiciul qarTul ojaxSi aRzrdili simonika
da misi da-Zmebi, gimnaziis wyalobiT, imTaviTve evropul kulturasac iyvnen naziarebi. am ojaxis
ufrosi vaJiSvili aleqsandre social-demokrati gaxda, riTac
mSoblebi didad ukmayofiloni
darCnen. igi ruseTSi wavida da
mas Semdeg aravin icoda misi bedi,
mis saxels tabu daedo ojaxSic
da sanaTesaoSic. bavSvobaSi simonika Zalian celqi yofila. imTaviTve mJRavndeboda misi damoukidebuli da gabeduli xasiaTi.
iqve axlos cxovrob-da maiakovskis ojaxi. simonika da valodia
bavSvobaSi megob-robdnen. erTxel
raionze sabanaod gaparulan. SeSfoTebul mSoblebs yvelgan uZebniaT, magram ver warmoedginaT, Tu
rionze sabanaod gabe-davdnen wasvlas. mSoblebi ukve sasowarkveTilebamde iyvnen misuli, rom gamoCenilan. simonikas mamas jer
oriveni gauSoltia, Semdeg ki saqaTmeSi daumwyvdevia.
ojaxSi bavSvebis aRzrdas ZiriTadad deda xelmZRvanelobda.
saRamos, Cais Semdeg, bavSvebs adre
aZinebdnen xolme, Semdeg ki colqmari vaxSams Seeqceoda. aziurad,
tilogadafarebul taxtze Slidnen sufras. iqve aucileblad patara doqiT Rvino edgaT. aq, am
sufrasTan, uziarebda col-qmari
erTmaneTs gasuli dRis ambebs da
samomavlo gegmebs saxavda urTierTTanxmobiT. metad Sexmat-kbilebuli col-qmari iyo. zogjer
eduki mis ganuyrel dairasac Semohkravda dabal xmaze, rom mezobel oTaxSi bavSvebs ar gaeRviZaT. am dros bavSvebi, Ramis perangSi, sawolidan wamoSlilebi, karis WuWrutanidan uTvalTvalebdnen mSoblebis “nadims”. mSoblebi Tvals rom Seaswrebdnen, datuqsavdnen xolme da Seabrunebdnen sawolebSi.
ojaxis diasaxlisi eduki bazarSi arasodes dadioda. masTan
SeCveuli iyo erTi kaci, saxelad
arona, romelic yovel diliT miiRebda misgan dakveTas da fuls.
moutanda bazridan da maRaziidan
umaRlesi xarisxis produqtebs:
TarTis naWers, xizilalas, Sav msuqan dedals, ramdenime saxeobis
yvels, bostneuls, mwvanils, xils.
arona sxva SeZlebul ojaxebsac
emsaxureboda. eduki bebiaCemis mamida iyo, magram mas mamidas eZaxda
Cveni sanaTesaos yvela warmomadgeneli (maT Soris dedaCemi da
mec), igi mTel sanaTesaoSi udidesi avtoritetiT sargeblobda.
maxsovs, rodesac romelime naTesavs raime gasaWiri daadgeboda,
imwams eduki mamidas uxmobdnen
xolme; misi dinji, auCqarebeli
nabijiT Semosvla, imediani sityva da sakiTxis brZnuli gansja
udidesi Svebis momgvreli iyo.
peterburgSi mudmivad mcxovrebi simonika arasdros iviwyebda
mSobliur keras. igi drodadro
Camodioda quTaisSi da aucileblad moinaxu-lebda naTesavebsac.
Tan Camohqonda saCuqrebi da bevr
saintereso ambavsac yveboda sasaxlis karis cxovrebaze. es ulamazesi vaJkaci nikoloz II-is ojaxSi xSirad xvdeboda rasputinis
qaliSvils matronas, romelsac
Zlier Sehyvarebia simonika. imperatoris ojaxs xeli Seuwyvia
da simonika misi oficialuri saqmro gaxda, magram rasputinis mkvlelobam xeli SeuSala am qorwinebas. simonika megobrebma gaafrTxiles, rom mzaddeboda rasputinis
mkvleloba. simonikas audiencia
uTxovia imperatorTan da mouxsenebia misTvis, rom kavkasiaSi miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad, man qorwinebis win mSoblebis locva-kurTxeva unda miiRos, risTvisac iTxovda samSobloSi gamgzavrebis
nebarTvas. imperators neba daurTavs. es iyo 1916 weli. quTaisSi
Camosuli simonika saxlSi Caike-
matrona
rasputinis quTaiseli sasiZo
londa jiqia
ta da arsad Cndeboda. Tan Camoitana rasputinis qaliSvilis fotosuraTi da rasputinis uzarmazari CiTis perangi, rogorc iSviaToba, saCveneblad. aRniSnuli
nivTebi sxvenze Seinaxes. Semdeg
simonika daqorwinda quTaiseli
tatiSvilis ulamazes qalze. es
Tvalwarmtaci wyvili xSirad daseirnobda quTaisis quCebSi. simonika Sav cxenze ijda, meuRle ki,
“amazonkaSi” gamowyobili, TeTr
cxenze. lala tatiSvili bolos
TbilisSi cxovrobda da marjaniSvilis saxelobis TeatrSi muSaobda rekvizitis gamged.
simonikas cxovreba peterburgSi aRsavsea TavgadasavlebiT. erTerTi maTgani burTikaSvilsac aqvs
aRwerili Tavis mogonebebSi. erTxel cxenze amxedrebuli simonika peterburgis centralur quCaze midioda. am dros aq gubernators unda Camoevlo da “gorodovoi” quCas aTavisuflebda
ekipaJebisagan. simonikam yuri ar
aTxova “gorodovois” moTxovnas,
amayad ganagrZo gza Sua quCaSi
da win SeefeTa gubernatoris amalas. am Tavxedobis gamo mas sasjelad sami dRiT “karcerSi” yofna miesaja.
im dros, rodesac qarTuli aristokratiis gaevropelebuli nawili ukadrisobda yvelafer aziurs, simonikas monawileobiT quTaisSi Catarebuli yvela mejlisi bolos qarTuli qeifiTdoliTa da dudukebiT mTavrdeboda. ase iyo simonikas dis, quTaisSi silamaziT ganTqmuli mariamis qorwilis drosac. mariami
mamuli
quTaisSi brwyinvale aristokratuli ojaxis-gaidamaSCukebis rZali gaxda. qorwili gadaixades
amJamindeli tician tabiZis quCaze mdebare gaidamaSCukebis saxlSi, romelsac SesaniSnavi baRi
hqonda (am saxlSi Semdeg samxedroebi dabinavdnen), jvari ki mTavarangelozis eklesiaSi daiweres.
gaidamaSCukebis did ezoSi zaTqiTa da xmauriT gaixsna Sampanurebi da dailia nefe-dedoflis
sadRegrZelo. baRSi idga patara
magidebi sasmelebiTa da tkbileuliT, romlebsac stumrebi fexze mdgomni Seeqceodnen (“a la
furSet”, rogorc frangulad
uwodeben), Semdeg ki darbazSi gadainacvles, sadac gaSlili iyo
SesaniSnavi sufra. kerZebs Soris
sufras amSvenebda langrebze dawyobili cocxaliviT Sebumbluli xoxbebi. stumrebi moxerxebulad gadaxsnidnen apks, romelSic surnelovan Caxoxbils madismomgvreli oxSivari asdioda.
qorwili evropuli wesiT, samejliso cekvebiTa da simRerebiT
gadaixades. gaTenebisas, rgorc igonebs am qorwilis damswre vera
gvancelaZe-jiqia (igi maSin gogona iyo da dedoflis kabis “Sleifi” eWira), baRidan moisma dudukebis xma-dilis saari. mariamis Zmas simonikas, romelic peterburgidan sagangebod iyo Camosuli, moeyvana medudukeebi. es
gaevropelebuli aristokrati
gulSi namdvilad qarTvelad rCeboda da qarTuli sufris lazaTic kargad icoda. man darbazSi
Semoiyvana damkvrelebi. aziuri sak-
ravebis-dolisa da dudukis xmam
stumrebSi Secbuneba gamoiwvia. daukres “lekuri” (ase uwodebdnen
maSin cekva “qarTuls”). pirveli
wre TviT simonikam Camouara da
gaiwvia Tavisi umcrosi da nino.
gaxurda cekva, qarTvel mamakacebs
TandaTan aenToT saxeebi, isinic
Caebnen cekvaSi, gaiwvies qalebi, gacocxlda qarTuli suli...
Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg
simonika dabrunda saqarTveloSi.
TbilisSi man daaarsa ipodromi
da cxenTsaSeni (“konozavodi”, rogorc maSin uwodebdnen), sadac
wminda jiSis cxenebi gamohyavdaT
doRisaTvis. simonika fxakaZe respresirebuli iyo orjer, 1936 wels
igi gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala.
darCa erTaderTi qaliSvili (romelsac sayvareli umcrosi dis
saxeli-nino daarqva) da SviliSvilebi. fxakaZeebis gvaris gamgrZelebelia simonikas ZmisSvili
oTar fxakaZe, romelSic xelaxla
gansaxierda simonika fxakaZis vaJkacuri fizikuri silamaze. TbilisSi cxovrobs simonikas ufrosi
dis mariamis vaJi vaxtang gaidamaSvili ojaxiT.
simonika fxakaZis, am ubadlo
qarTveli vaJkacis saxeli da misi
gasaocari Tavgadasavlebi legendad gadaecema STamomavlobas, rogorc qarTuli genis kidev erTi
iSviaTi gamovlineba.
quTaisSi dakrZalulia simonikas mama-ivane fxakaZe, romlis saflavi TviT simonikas gaukeTebia 1912
wels, xolo deda da debi, moxda
ise, rom TbilisSi, vakis sasaflaoze ganisveneben.
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
CFABMHFKB
Zveli fotografi jiutad
icavs winaparTa Cvevas: lariviT
gamarTuli qarTuliT metyvelebs da lariviT welSi gamarTuli dadis. ai, misi profesia
ki SesaZloa mTlad ver yofiliyo misi winaprebis mosawoni.
isini fotografobas mxolod
alRoian xelosanTa saqmed
Tvlidnen. albaT imitomac, rom
maT Tavis gamoCenis sxva asparezic hqondaT. oTar kakabaZem
ki swored ase SeZlo samSoblos samsaxuri - man me-20 saukunis saqarTvelo Tavis fotoebze “Seinaxa” da ucxoeTSi gafantuli didi qarTvelebis suraTebic moagrova. ase Seiqmna
eris fotomatianis mniSvnelovani nawili. sxvaTa Soris, oTar
kakabaZis fotomontaJebze bevri
Cvengani aRizarda - skolebSi
gamofenili qarTvel moRvaweTa
suraTebi dResac mis saxelosnoSi mzaddeba. Tumca axla es
simdidre erT nestian da mouwyobel sardafSi inaxeba operasTan axlos. ostati arqivs yoveldRe alagebs da imedianadac
gaxlavT: fiqrobs, rom dadgeba
Jami, mova STamomavloba, romelic
daafasebs winaparTa danatovars.
Zveli fotografi tragikuli qarTvelebis cxovrebis istoriebsac agrovebda... am istoriaTa mcire nawili aseTi gaxlavT:
ambavi Camomitane...
- saqarTvelos saukeTeso Svilebi ucxoeTSi drom gaaqcia.
gifiqriaT ra mogvividoda, rom
ar gvyoloda eqvTime TayaiSvili, ra daemarTeboda im simdidres, romelic qarTvelebma ZlivZlivobiT davagroveT? - aRar
gveqneboda! SimSiliT kvdeboda,
magram am qonebidan gramic ar
gauyidia. werils werilze agzavnida bolSevikebTan (romlebsac arasodes wyalobda): cudad var, daaCqareT da es simdidre gamoisyideTo. aq Camoiyvanes da mere miatoves. maxsovs,
ras werdnen masze Cveni gazeTebi: amisTana swavlulma kacma
menSevikebs xeli Seuwyo da yvelaferi gaataninao. magram vis
ras moatyuebdnen, - maSindel
axalgazrdobas farulad mosdioda signalebi, vin risi gamkeTebeli iyo ucxoeTSi. iciT,
rogor mohqondaT ucxoeTidan
werilebi? - daakakunebdnen, Semoagdebdnen da gaqrebodnen. Cemi megobris mamam, kolia saRaraZem, dakarguli Svili levani
oTar kakabaZe
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi
ase i pova: erTxelac Cumad miTxra, dRes Cveni ojaxisTvis axali weli gaTenda, imitom rom
levikos werili miviReTo... erT
dRes levani quTaisidan baTumSi wavida da gaqra. eZebes, magram verc mkvdari naxes da verc
cocxali. cocxali aRarc egona,
magram kolia biZias, cnobilma
Tbiliselma fotografma evtixi Jvaniam foto misca - ucnobma qalma mTxova, gamimravleo.
me ar mcalia, Senc xom ici es
saqme, damexmareo... fotoze magidas oTxi kaci ejda Turme...
bavi momiyva: stalinma ikiTxa
Turme, quTaisSi meetle rom iyo,
gvarad melia, sad ariso... moZebnes da mouyvanes. Tu gaxsovvaro, hkiTxa. - arao. me is biWi
var, rom mosdevdnen, Sen ki wyaltubomde Caiyvane. fuli ar hqonda da uTxari, mSvidobiT iare,
roca geqneba, maSin gadamixadeo...
meetlem ver gaixsena - amas axali etli uyideTo, - stalinma
da, Tan yvela gadasaxadi mouxseniTo...
maxinjaureli polkovniki
hyveboda stalinze, - sikeTes ar
da. SevediT... uecrad Semodis
konstantine gamsaxurdia. kiteli da galife acvia da Tanac
halstuxi ukeTia. CvenTan dabrZandiTo, vTxoveT. aba, yaeni ki
ar var, marto rom davjdeo.
bevri gvelaparaka. sul dagvaviwyda tyviebi da germanelebi....
rom wamovizarde, galaktions
davuaxlovdi. erTxel zemelTan Semxvda, belinskis quCaze
wavediT, sardafSi. iq Cveni fexburTelebi qeifobdnen, matCi
hqondaT mogebuli da... ukiTxa
galaktionma leqsebi... amaze didi
es foto
ibeWdeba pirvelad
rom wamovizarde, galaktions davuaxlovdi. erTxel
zemelTan Semxvda, belinskis quCaze wavediT, sardafSi.
iq Cveni fexburTelebi qeifobdnen, matCi hqondaT mogebuli da... ukiTxa galaktionma leqsebi... amaze didi
jildo ra iqneboda, - modioda da modioda sadRegrZeloebi, mere mxrebSi amovudeqiT da barbaciT miviyvaneT
saxlamde. sul CemTan dadioda suraTebis gadasaRebad... erTi misi foto
maqvs, jer arsad dabeWdila. rom dakarga, is leninis ordeni ukeTia da xelSi “papirozi” uWiravs. aseTi iyo sinamdvileSi...
im oTxidan erTSi Svili icno
da kinaRam guli gauskda. fotoebis patronma daakavSira levanTan... Cveni kalaTburTelebi
rom siriaSi wavidnen, kolia biZiam nodar jorjikias daavala,
Svilis ambavi gamigeo. levans
ukve fabrika hqonda iq gaxsnili. biWebi restoranSi dapatiJes Turme. nodari ambobda, kibeze rom avdiodiT, orkestrma
`samSoblo” daukra, kuTxeSi ki
magidas levani marto misjdomoda da tirodao...
Semdgom levani da misi qaliSvilebi araerTxel estumrnen saqarTvelos, mixaria, maTi
STamomavali dRes rom TbilisSi cxovrobs.
unikaluri fotoebi
maqvs stalinis...
- mas bevri ar scems pativs,
magram me vafaseb... rogor ar
davafaso? gana bevri gvyavs iseTi qarTveli, vinac msoflio
Tavis Wkuaze atara? samSoblo
gawirao. Tavi ar gawira? - ucxoobaSi muxanaTurad daasrula sicocxle - sikvdilis Semdeg im xalxma, visac emsaxureboda, mtrad aqcia... Cveni miwis
Svilia da Cvenve unda Segvecodos. arc ise gulqva iyo, rogorc amboben. 1936-Si Cems das
moskovSi, fizkulturis olimpiadaze gavyevi. tribunis mopirdapire mxares videqi da kargad maxsovs, ra gaakeTa stalinma, roca diqtorma gamoacxada,
qarTvelebi gamodiano. mujlugunebiT miswi-moswia win mdgomi eJovi da voroSilovi da
moajirs moawyda. me mas vuyurebdi, is kidev Cvens sportsmenebs...
erTi unikaluri foto maqvs:
stalini quTaisSia - aqeT is
zis, iqiT beria da SuaSi - qalaqkomis mdivani. ramdenime
wlis Semdeg qalaqkomis mdivnis naTesavma imdRevandeli am-
kargavdao. es kaci mefis policieli yofila. ijda Turme da
Tavis aivanze, Cais svamda ojaxis wevrebTan erTad. mitingidan Semovardnila ezoSi ymawvili... mivxvdi, mosdevdnen da
sardafisken vuCvene, mand daimale-meTqi. Cavida Tu ara, Jandarmebi Semocvivdnen. vuTxari,
aq aravin Semosula-meTqi. ukan
rom gabrundnen, is biWi amoviyvane da fuli mivecio... moxda
revolucia, gavida wlebi. erT
dResac damiZaxes da miTxres,
stalini polkovnikobiT gajildoebso. stalinis Svilsac vicnobdi, iakobs. TbilisSi stumrad Camodioda Tengiz JRentis
SvilTan, kokisTan. Zalze ubralo kaci iyo. es Tengiz JRenti
kidev fili pe maxaraZesTan muSaobda. komunistebi ki varT, magram mainc qarTvelebi varTo, ambobda da amisaTvis 37-Si Sinapatimroba miusajes... Tavi moikla. es ambavi kokis colisdam
miambo: xmauri momesma da WuWrutanaSi Sevixede. davinaxe revolveri eWira xelSi, im wuTSi vikivle, ras Svrebi-meTqi, magram gaisrola da iatakze ukve
sisxliani davardao. ai aseTi
kacis SvilTan megobrobda iakobi. sxvaTa Soris, iakobs ekuTvnis sityvebi: - Svilebi mamebis
gamo pasuxs ar agebeno...
mixakis
ordenis raindebi
- Zvelmoduri kaci xaro, meubnebian, magram me mainc vambob,
rom Cemi drois adamianebma saqmiT daamtkices TavianTi keTilSobileba.
...maxsovs, omis dros 14-15
wlis biWebi Cems deduleTSi
wavediT soxumSi. wvalebiT naSovni fuli gvqonda. erTma aiCema, restoranSi unda SevideTo. ra gverestorneboda - soxumidan 12 kilometrSi germanelebis tyviebis zuzuni ismo-
mamuli
jildo ra iqneboda, - modioda
da modioda sadRegrZeloebi, mere
mxrebSi amovudeqiT da barbaciT miviyvaneT saxlamde. sul
CemTan dadioda suraTebis gadasaRebad... erTi misi foto
maqvs, jer arsad dabeWdila. rom
dakarga, is leninis ordeni ukeTia da xelSi “papirozi” uWiravs. aseTi iyo sinamdvileSi...
rusTavelze xSirad vxvdebodiT paolosa da ticians. Zalian momwonda ticianis jibeSi wiTeli mixaki... ai, aseTi
xalxi iyo Zvelad.
saqarTvelos lamazebi
- bevri lamazi qali dadioda
TbilisSi. axlandeli gogonebic Zalian lamazebi arian, magram imaT mainc ver Sevadareb.
isini bevrad ufro saTnoebi iyvnen. imitom, rom Tavis movlis
dro hqondaT da simSvideSi
cxovrobdnen. es saxezec eweraT. ai, Cveni kulturis ministris bebia, zeinabi iyo umSvenieresi qalbatoni. mTeli Tbilisi Sestrfoda naTela cxomeliZes, mzia javaxiSvils, babulia TvalavaZes... ai aseT silamazes viRebdi fotoebze.
rogori iqneba
uCvenod saqarTvelo?
- megobari myavs, eqimi levan
WaWiaSvili, Tbilisis koloriti. erTxel mkiTxa: neta, Cven
rom aRar viqnebiT, saqarTvelo
rogori iqnebao?.. mas Semdeg amaze vfiqrob. ar momwons, yvelaferi fulze rom iyideba. sikeTe yovelTvis unda iyos, ise
arc adamiani darCeba... erTxel
levans vTxove, kacs fuli ara
aqvs da operacia gaukeTe-meTqi.
moiyvane, ras mexvewebio. ase exmareboda erTmaneTs xalxi. axla eWvi mepareba, aseTi ram moxdes... iciT, ra ar unda dagvaviwydes? - saqarTveloTi siamaye. adre wyalwaRebuli kacisTvisac rom Seeginebina vinmes
samSoblo, Tavs Seaklavda. Salva beruaSvili swavlobda Cems
klasSi... mere kanonieri qurdi
gaxda. 22 wlisa magadanSi gadaasaxles, male misi Zma da rZalic magadanSi gaamweses - oRond
xelmZRvanel muSakebad. rZali
eqimi iyo, qva gaxvrita da koloniaSi mazli pirvelad naxa... am qalma miambo, iseTi lamazi vaJkaci davinaxe, Tavi zRaparSi megona. vuTxari, xalxi
dagixocavs da Senamde Zlivs
momiSves... aseTi kargi ojaxis
Svili tyuilubralod kacismkvleli rogor gaxdebodi, ar
damimalo, ra moxda-meTqi... magaT saqarTvelo Semigines, es ver
avitaneo... ase upasuxia...
TqvenTvis Seminaxavs...
- am xnis kaci partiaSic ki
Sevedi vaxtang boWoriSvilTan...
megobari iyo Cemi. miTxra, axalgazrdobas sWirdebio... mindoda, saqarTvelosTvis raime kidev gamekeTebina. ver movinele
ZmaTamkvleli omi. yoveldRe
movdiodi Cems sardafSi (arada,
zustad aq isrodnen tyviebs).
erTi qarTveli qali, elza benaSvili mexmareboda - naTelSi
iyos misi suli. verafriT davatovebine aqauroba. es fotoebi eris simdidrea da aravis
gavanadgurebinebo... erTxelac,
rom movedi, Jurnalisti daviT
mWedliSvili damxvda TavSefarebuli... Tvalebi gaudidda: batono oTar, am tyviebSi rogor dadixarTo? Cemi sicocxle
axalgazrdobis sicocxlesTan
ra mosatani iyo. Tanac, aqaurobas rogor davtovebdi. me xom
mTeli sicocxle saqarTvelosTvis viSrome... Cem garda uamravi adamianis Sromaa Cadebuli am fotoebSi. ai, axlac mexmareba erTi qalbatoni, Taliko
gabedava... me ki Sromis safasurad verafers vuxdi da amas
Zalian ganvicdi. magram iciT,
ra miTxra: - batono oTar, nu
dardobT, Cemi jildo is aris,
rom erovnul saqmes vakeTebTo...
erTi patiosani kaci saskolo
suraTebis CarCoebs mikeTebs Calis fasad, isic imas ambobs, bavSvebs sWirdebaT da Tu fuli ar gaqvT, moviTmeno... ai, asea
saqme... ki ar vwuwuneb, ubralod mikvirs, ratom vigebT qarTvelebi gvian, fasi namdvilad
ras aqvs... xom moxuci var da
mainc ar vapireb danebebas, jer
erTi, 9 SviliSvili myavs da
minda yvela am saqmeSi CavrTo...
mouaron am simdidres, yovelTvis aseTi dro xom ar iqneba?
goka gabaSvilTanac vapireb misvlas. me mis bebia-babuas vicnobdi, isini uvlidnen saqarTvelos da axalgazrda ministrsac
vetyvi, rom aseT saqmeebs upatronos, erovnul saqmeebs... rac
akakis, ilias, vaJas, galaktions
da Cvens sulnaTel winaprebs
exeba, is daCoqilma unda agrovos da gaufrTxildes... Torem
am xalxis xsovna Tu gaqra, saqarTveloc gaqreba da ra TavSi
ixlian mere Tanamdebobebs?..
eTer eraZe
21
EW[JEHB GHTCBLFY
uinston leonard spenser CerCili gaxlavT papa. mis vaJs rendolf spenseri hqvia, SviliSvils
(swored vaJis mxridan) rendolf spenser uinstoni. Cveni Jurnalisti SviliSvils esaubreba.
- papa kargad gaxsovT?
- rasakvirvelia. jer kidev
samxedro xanidan, Tumca me cota dros miTmobda. mizezi arasodes mikiTxavs arc misTvis,
arc mSoblebisTvis. darwmunebuli viyavi: papa imitom aris
moucleli, rom msoflio unda
gadaarCinos. TiTqmis 60 weli
gavida, magram axlac vfiqrob,
rom man faSizmisagan ixsna Tu
mTeli msoflio ara, Tavisi eri
namdvilad. papam SeZlo qveynis
cxovrebis energiuli gardaqmna
germaniasa da faSisturi blokis saxelmwifoebTan omisaTvis.
- zogierTi ruseTeli istorikosi fiqrobs, rom britaneTTan mokavSireobam ssr
kavSirs dapireba meti moutana, vidre sargebloba...
- vici, rom dasavleli da
rusi istorikosebi sxvadasxvanairad xedaven papaCemis figuras. ruseTSi im Sexedulebas
adganan, TiTqos ssr kavSiris
TanamSromloba britaneTsa da
amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan
arcTu Zalian sasargeblo iyo
imis gamo, rom 1942 wlis zafxulisaTvis, ruzveltisa da CerCilis mier aRTqmuli meore fronti ar gaxsnila, ramac hitlers
aRmosavleTis frontze Zalisxmevebis gazrda SeaZlebina.
me mgonia, es sulac ar iyo
ase. ssr kavSirze germaniis Tavdasxmis meore dResve papaCemi
sityviT gamovida da ganacxada
sabWoTa xalxis mxardaWeris Taobaze, imaze, rom faSizmTan mebrZol nebismier adamiansa da nebismier saxelmwifos britaneTi dauyovnebliv gauwevs Tanadgomas.
ukve 1941-is ivlisSi xeli
moewera inglissa da sabWoTa
kavSirs Soris SeTanxmebas germaniis winaaRmdeg erTobliv qmedebaTa Sesaxeb. arada, adre xom
Cveni qveynebi ver daikvexnidnen
megobrul damokidebulebas. CerCils bolSevizmis yvelaze mourjulebeli mowinaaRmdegis saxeli hqonda gavardnili.
aba erTi britaneTs kapitulacia moexdina germaniis winaSe,
safrangeTis ganadgurebis Semdeg! ssr kavSiri ver miiRebda
daxmarebis saxiT verc strategiul momaragebebs, verc sadazvervo monacemebs, rac Zirfesvianad moaxdenda gavlenas omis
Sedegze. erTi sityviT, britaneTi rom sxva qveynebTan, maT ricxvSi sabWoTa kavSirTanac, ar gaerTianebuliyo nacizmis winaaRmdeg,
svastikiani almebi dResac ifrialebdnen evropuli dedaqalaqebis Tavze.
- britaneTisa da aSS-is
samxedro kavSirze aqamde amboben, rom CerCilma misasalmeblad gaiwoda xeli, magram
22
faSizmisagan
CerCils
davuxsnivarT!
ase swams CerCilis S v i l i S v i l s
- CerCili rom ar yofiliyo, didi britaneTi jer kidev 1940
wlis zafxulSi danebdeboda faSistebs. da maSin hitleri mTel
Zalebs ssr kavSiris winaaRmdeg daZravda, da, SesaZloa, wiTel
armias verc ki gaewia medgari winaaRmdegoba. Cemi azriT, CerCilis
piradi vaJkacoba da gambedaoba rom ara, dasavleTi evropis yvela
qveynis da sabWoTa kavSiris Tavzec svastikiani droSa ifrialebda.
- maxsovs Tu ara Cemi papa.
ra Tqma unda. man xom Zalze
didi wvlili Seitana Cems aRzrdaSi, - ase daiwyo CemTan
saubari legendaruli premier-ministris ser uinston CerCilis SviliSvilma, romelic,
sxvaTa Soris, Tavisi saxelovani papis sexnia gaxlavT.
axalgazrdobaSi uinston
CerCili, iseve rogorc misi
papa, muSaobda samxedro korespondentad, mouwia emsaxura afrikis, aziisa da axlo aRmosavleTis 10 qveyanaSi. 1970 wels
konservatori-CerCili airCies parlamentSi, sadac igi moRvaweobda mTeli 27 wlis manZilze, sanam 1997 wels ar
moxda misi saarCevno olqis
reformireba. maSin, uinston
CerCilma, papis magaliTisamebr,
memuarebis weras mihyo xeli,
da axlac aqtiurad kiTxulobs leqciaTa kurss amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi.
- CerCilma SeZlo didi britaneTi daecva nacistebis SeWrisgan. Tu axsovs qveyanas Tavisi gmiri?
- CerCili rom ar yofiliyo, didi britaneTi jer kidev
1940 wlis zafxulSi daneb-
deboda faSistebs. da maSin hitleri mTel Zalebs ssr kavSiris
winaaRmdeg daZravda, da, SesaZloa,
wiTel armias verc ki gaewia medgari winaaRmdegoba. Cemi azriT,
CerCilis piradi vaJkacoba da
gambedaoba rom ara, dasavleTi
evropis yvela qveynis da sabWoTa kavSiris Tavzec svastikiani
droSa ifrialebda.
- gamodis, rom meore msoflio omSi gamarjvebas mTeli
msoflio unda umadlodes nacistebiT alyaSemortymul did
britaneTs?
- ruseTSi ar uyvarT imis
gaxseneba, rom meore msoflio
omis pirvel wlebSi stalini
da hitleri mokavSireebi iyvnen,
da mxolod mas Semdeg, rac maT
daiyves poloneTi, daiwyo yvelaze
sisxlismRvreli omi kacobriobis istoriaSi. 1940 wels, safrangeTis okupaciis Semdeg, didi
britaneTi mterTan pirispir darCa. da mxolod mas Semdeg, rac
CaifuSa didi britaneTis dapyrobis gegma, hitleri daiZra
aRmosavleTisken da dasavleT
frontze datova mxolod patara dajgufeba. diax, istorias
ar uyvars sityva `Tu”, magram
Cemi azriT, am urTules period-
Si CerCilma bevri ram gaakeTa
mTeli kacobriobisTvis.
- sinamdvileSi ras fiqrobda
CerCili stalinis Sesaxeb?
- maT Zalze ucnauri urTierToba hqondaT. roca nacistebi SeiWrnen ssr kavSirSi, papaCemma Tqva, rom aucilebeli iyo
stalinis daxmareba: `me yovelTvis
msurda, jer kidev akvanSi momeguda `bolSevizmis” saxeliT
cnobili Cvili, magram im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu hitleri jojoxeTSi SeiWreboda, me vTxovdi
TemTa palatas, rom gadaesinja
Tavisi damokidebuleba eSmakis
mimarT”, - Tqva maSin man. erTis
mxriv, igi aRtacebuli iyo staliniT, rogorc Zlieri mxedarTmTavriT, Tumca, miaCnda, rom stalini Zalian sastiki iyo sakuTari xalxis mimarT.
- ser uinston CerCils yvelaze metad uyvarda viski da
sigareti. marTalia, rom igi aseve
siamovnebiT miirTmevda stalinis mier naCuqar koniaks?
- ialtis konferenciis dros
stalinma Seityo, rom CerCili
ukmayofilo yofila imis gamo,
rom igi ruzveltTan iolad amyarebda urTierTobas araformalur viTarebaSic ki, maSin roca
britaneTis lideri gariyuli iyo. hoda, erT saRamos,
stalinma miiwvia CerCili `sasaubrod”. diliT CerCilma gaiRviZa saSineli Tavis tkiviliT. mas araferi ar axsovda.
maSin man miswera stalins baraTi: “Zvirfaso amxanago stalin! vSiSob, rom wuxel Zalze bevri davlie Tqveni `qarTuli brendi”. imedi maqvs, rom
seriozulad ar aRiqvamT yovelive imas, rac guSin vilaparake”. amis pasuxad stalinma
aseTi werili gamougzavna: `batono premier-ministro. vSiSob, rom orivem zedmeti davlieT. nu geSiniaT - Cveni saubris erTaderTi mowme - Tarjimani - ukve daxvrites”. 1991
wels, roca gorbaCovi londonSi Camovida, me viyavi erTi im
deputatTagani, romlebic mas
TemTa palataSi daxvdnen. SemTxveviT me aRmovCndi Tarjimnis gverdiT da vuambe gorbaCovs es ambavi. Tarjimani odnav Secba: `Zalze sasaciloa,
mister CerCil, - Tqva man. stalinis Tarjimani mamaCemi
iyo da man Rrma moxucebulobamde miaRwia”.
esaubra aleqsei aniSCuk
aniSCukii
vera da ver eRirsa pasuxs!
- amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan kavSiri papaCemis morigi strategiuli gamarjveba gaxldaT. mas esmoda, rom saWiroa
erebisa da maTi liderebis erTianobis miRweva. CerCilma SeZlo aSS-is mTavrobis darwmuneba neitralitetis gadaxedvaSi. amasTan,vfiqrob,misma diplomatiurma unarma mcire roli
rodi Seasrula. bevri istorikosis azris sapirispirod, me
mgonia, rom papam moaxerxa fran-
klin ruzveltTan saerTo enis
gamonaxva da maTi urTierTobebi axlos iyo megobrulTan.
- rogor xvdebiT papaTqvenis saxelTan dakavSirebul
miTqma-moTqmas?
- samiod wlis winaT Zalian
aRmaSfoTa skandalma, romelic
germaneli istorikosis iorg
fridrihis wignis `cecxli. germania bombebs qveS 1940-1945 wlebSi” publikaciis Semdeg atyda.
iq gamoqveynebulia monacemebi
imaze, Tu rogor moeqca 1945
wlis ianvridan aprilamde germania iseT dabombvebSi, romlebsac 300 aTasze meti adamianis
msxverpli mohyva da avtoris
azriT, ar hqondaT samxedro
mniSvneloba.
fridrihis es gancxadeba ingliselma Jurnalistebma marjved gadaaqcies morig `sensaciad”, moirges istorikosis roli da daaskvnes, rom CerCili
samxedro damnaSavea. Tanaxma var,
marTlac auracxelia im periodSi daRupulTa raodenoba, mag-
ram dabombvaTa mizani samxedro
sawarmoebis mospobisaken swrafva
iyo, rac gakeTda kidevac. garda
amisa, ratom aravin ar gaixsena,
rom dabombvebi swored germaniam daiwyo, roca poloneTSi, belgiaSi, holandiaSi, Cexoslovakiasa da safrangeTSi SeiWra.
sisulelea papaCemis dadanaSauleba zedmetad mkacr moqmedebebSi. mas, ubralod, omis pirvelidan bolo dRemde gamarjvebis kursi hqonda aRebuli da
miaRwia kidevac dasaxul mizans.
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N 14,
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am xatis Tqvenamde morTmeva SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod Cveni gazeTisa
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laboratoriul analizebs, komputerul tomografias, ufaso
mamografias (mkerdis gamokvleva) Zvlebis simyifis gansazRvras.
samedicino jgufSi gaerTianebuli arian sxvadasxva profilis
maRalkvalificirebuli qarTveli da amerikeli eqimebi
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(arxTan da braitonTan axlos), apartmenti #3
N 14,
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vamzadeb inglisurSi nebismieri asakisa da donis msurvelebs.
cnobebisaTvis darekeT:
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qarTvel advokatebze. darekeT redaqciaSi, 347-724-0770
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23
,JKJ UDTHLB
eqskursia
vaSingtonSi
gepatiJebaT
irine
irine mumlaZe
mumlaZe
Dsatelefono baraTebi;
Dfaqsis miReba da gagzavna;
Dsaqseroqso momsaxureoba;
Ddokumentebis Targmna da notarizeba;
Dyvela saxis Cekebis ganaRdeba;
Dkinofilmebis gaqiraveba: -
axali mxatvruli filmebi, deteqtivis,
komediuri da melodramuli filmebis
da rac mTavaria, yvela Zveli da axali
qarTuli filmebis farTo arCevani;
mobiluri
telefonebi servisiT: D
farTo arCevaniT: ufasod Rame da gamosasvlel dReebSi, mobiluridan mobilurze
limitis gareSe, ufaso roumingiTa da
`grZeli manZiliT~.
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dawvrilebiTi
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mogvmarTeT:
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i
l
ma
mu
uf
vj
bo
th
ts
673-
- gTavazobT satransporto da saeqskursio momsaxureobas SeerTebuli Statebis dedaqalaqSi 4-kaciani
jgufebisaTvis;
- mgzavrTa gadayvana xdeba jipis
markis avtomanqanebiT;
- mgzavrebs moemsaxurebaT Tarjimani da foto-korespondenti;
- eqskursia erTdRiania da am periodSi Tqven SegeZlebaT iseirnoT
vaSingtonis quCebSi, daaTvalieroT
linkolnis memoriali, vaSingtonis
monumenti, meore msoflio omis axalgaxsnili memoriali, jefersonis
memoriali, garedan naxoT TeTri
saxli, kapitoliumis Senoba (11 seqtembris Semdeg TeTr saxlSi turistebis Sesvla akrZalulia).
cehdbkb vfmdc ufvjdbothj ufptsbc5
12 nomeri saerTo RirebulebiT
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40
20
dolari
MAMULI
dolari
mamuli
redaqtor-gamomcemeli
m anuCar kaWaxiZe
~cf[tkb lf udfhb ,tzlehb fcjt,bs`
ZIP-CODE
EKA MAISURADZE, NINO KHABELASHVILI (Editor in Germany),
KATE KARALASHVILI, GEORGE BAKRADZE (Editor in Canada).
lf ntktajyb`
Ceki an mani orderebi M. KATCHAKHIDZE Co saxelze gaformebuli unda gamoagzavnoT Semdeg misamarTze:
P.O. BOX 13121, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07303
misamarTis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa ubralod dagvikavSirdeT redaqciis telefonze 1-347-724-0770 da gvacnoboT,
raTa SevZloT Tqveni gazeTis Seyovneba an gadamisamarTeba.
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Phone: 347-724-0770
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Cveni partniori:
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Editor & Publisher
Manuchar KATCHAKHIDZE
eka maisuraZe
maisuraZe,, nino xabelaSvili (red. germaniaSi),
qeTi yaralaSvili , giorgi baqraZe (red. kanadaSi).
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VFVEKB
mamuli
N 14,
2aTas5, ivlisi